github.com/mheon/docker@v0.11.2-0.20150922122814-44f47903a831/man/docker-run.1.md (about)

     1  % DOCKER(1) Docker User Manuals
     2  % Docker Community
     3  % JUNE 2014
     4  # NAME
     5  docker-run - Run a command in a new container
     6  
     7  # SYNOPSIS
     8  **docker run**
     9  [**-a**|**--attach**[=*[]*]]
    10  [**--add-host**[=*[]*]]
    11  [**--blkio-weight**[=*[BLKIO-WEIGHT]*]]
    12  [**-c**|**--cpu-shares**[=*0*]]
    13  [**--cap-add**[=*[]*]]
    14  [**--cap-drop**[=*[]*]]
    15  [**--cgroup-parent**[=*CGROUP-PATH*]]
    16  [**--cidfile**[=*CIDFILE*]]
    17  [**--cpu-period**[=*0*]]
    18  [**--cpu-quota**[=*0*]]
    19  [**--cpuset-cpus**[=*CPUSET-CPUS*]]
    20  [**--cpuset-mems**[=*CPUSET-MEMS*]]
    21  [**-d**|**--detach**[=*false*]]
    22  [**--device**[=*[]*]]
    23  [**--dns**[=*[]*]]
    24  [**--dns-opt**[=*[]*]]
    25  [**--dns-search**[=*[]*]]
    26  [**-e**|**--env**[=*[]*]]
    27  [**--entrypoint**[=*ENTRYPOINT*]]
    28  [**--env-file**[=*[]*]]
    29  [**--expose**[=*[]*]]
    30  [**--group-add**[=*[]*]]
    31  [**-h**|**--hostname**[=*HOSTNAME*]]
    32  [**--help**]
    33  [**-i**|**--interactive**[=*false*]]
    34  [**--ipc**[=*IPC*]]
    35  [**--kernel-memory**[=*KERNEL-MEMORY*]]
    36  [**-l**|**--label**[=*[]*]]
    37  [**--label-file**[=*[]*]]
    38  [**--link**[=*[]*]]
    39  [**--log-driver**[=*[]*]]
    40  [**--log-opt**[=*[]*]]
    41  [**--lxc-conf**[=*[]*]]
    42  [**-m**|**--memory**[=*MEMORY*]]
    43  [**--mac-address**[=*MAC-ADDRESS*]]
    44  [**--memory-swap**[=*MEMORY-SWAP*]]
    45  [**--memory-swappiness**[=*MEMORY-SWAPPINESS*]]
    46  [**--name**[=*NAME*]]
    47  [**--net**[=*"bridge"*]]
    48  [**--oom-kill-disable**[=*false*]]
    49  [**-P**|**--publish-all**[=*false*]]
    50  [**-p**|**--publish**[=*[]*]]
    51  [**--pid**[=*[]*]]
    52  [**--privileged**[=*false*]]
    53  [**--read-only**[=*false*]]
    54  [**--restart**[=*RESTART*]]
    55  [**--rm**[=*false*]]
    56  [**--security-opt**[=*[]*]]
    57  [**--stop-signal**[=*SIGNAL*]]
    58  [**--sig-proxy**[=*true*]]
    59  [**-t**|**--tty**[=*false*]]
    60  [**-u**|**--user**[=*USER*]]
    61  [**-v**|**--volume**[=*[]*]]
    62  [**--ulimit**[=*[]*]]
    63  [**--uts**[=*[]*]]
    64  [**--volumes-from**[=*[]*]]
    65  [**-w**|**--workdir**[=*WORKDIR*]]
    66  IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
    67  
    68  # DESCRIPTION
    69  
    70  Run a process in a new container. **docker run** starts a process with its own
    71  file system, its own networking, and its own isolated process tree. The IMAGE
    72  which starts the process may define defaults related to the process that will be
    73  run in the container, the networking to expose, and more, but **docker run**
    74  gives final control to the operator or administrator who starts the container
    75  from the image. For that reason **docker run** has more options than any other
    76  Docker command.
    77  
    78  If the IMAGE is not already loaded then **docker run** will pull the IMAGE, and
    79  all image dependencies, from the repository in the same way running **docker
    80  pull** IMAGE, before it starts the container from that image.
    81  
    82  # OPTIONS
    83  **-a**, **--attach**=[]
    84     Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR.
    85  
    86     In foreground mode (the default when **-d**
    87  is not specified), **docker run** can start the process in the container
    88  and attach the console to the process’s standard input, output, and standard
    89  error. It can even pretend to be a TTY (this is what most commandline
    90  executables expect) and pass along signals. The **-a** option can be set for
    91  each of stdin, stdout, and stderr.
    92  
    93  **--add-host**=[]
    94     Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
    95  
    96     Add a line to /etc/hosts. The format is hostname:ip.  The **--add-host**
    97  option can be set multiple times.
    98  
    99  **--blkio-weight**=0
   100     Block IO weight (relative weight) accepts a weight value between 10 and 1000.
   101  
   102  **-c**, **--cpu-shares**=0
   103     CPU shares (relative weight)
   104  
   105     By default, all containers get the same proportion of CPU cycles. This proportion
   106  can be modified by changing the container's CPU share weighting relative
   107  to the weighting of all other running containers.
   108  
   109  To modify the proportion from the default of 1024, use the **-c** or **--cpu-shares**
   110  flag to set the weighting to 2 or higher.
   111  
   112  The proportion will only apply when CPU-intensive processes are running.
   113  When tasks in one container are idle, other containers can use the
   114  left-over CPU time. The actual amount of CPU time will vary depending on
   115  the number of containers running on the system.
   116  
   117  For example, consider three containers, one has a cpu-share of 1024 and
   118  two others have a cpu-share setting of 512. When processes in all three
   119  containers attempt to use 100% of CPU, the first container would receive
   120  50% of the total CPU time. If you add a fourth container with a cpu-share
   121  of 1024, the first container only gets 33% of the CPU. The remaining containers
   122  receive 16.5%, 16.5% and 33% of the CPU.
   123  
   124  On a multi-core system, the shares of CPU time are distributed over all CPU
   125  cores. Even if a container is limited to less than 100% of CPU time, it can
   126  use 100% of each individual CPU core.
   127  
   128  For example, consider a system with more than three cores. If you start one
   129  container **{C0}** with **-c=512** running one process, and another container
   130  **{C1}** with **-c=1024** running two processes, this can result in the following
   131  division of CPU shares:
   132  
   133      PID    container	CPU	CPU share
   134      100    {C0}		0	100% of CPU0
   135      101    {C1}		1	100% of CPU1
   136      102    {C1}		2	100% of CPU2
   137  
   138  **--cap-add**=[]
   139     Add Linux capabilities
   140  
   141  **--cap-drop**=[]
   142     Drop Linux capabilities
   143  
   144  **--cgroup-parent**=""
   145     Path to cgroups under which the cgroup for the container will be created. If the path is not absolute, the path is considered to be relative to the cgroups path of the init process. Cgroups will be created if they do not already exist.
   146  
   147  **--cidfile**=""
   148     Write the container ID to the file
   149  
   150  **--cpu-period**=0
   151     Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
   152  
   153     Limit the container's CPU usage. This flag tell the kernel to restrict the container's CPU usage to the period you specify.
   154  
   155  **--cpuset-cpus**=""
   156     CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
   157  
   158  **--cpuset-mems**=""
   159     Memory nodes (MEMs) in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1). Only effective on NUMA systems.
   160  
   161     If you have four memory nodes on your system (0-3), use `--cpuset-mems=0,1`
   162  then processes in your Docker container will only use memory from the first
   163  two memory nodes.
   164  
   165  **--cpu-quota**=0
   166     Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
   167  
   168     Limit the container's CPU usage. By default, containers run with the full
   169  CPU resource. This flag tell the kernel to restrict the container's CPU usage
   170  to the quota you specify.
   171  
   172  **-d**, **--detach**=*true*|*false*
   173     Detached mode: run the container in the background and print the new container ID. The default is *false*.
   174  
   175     At any time you can run **docker ps** in
   176  the other shell to view a list of the running containers. You can reattach to a
   177  detached container with **docker attach**. If you choose to run a container in
   178  the detached mode, then you cannot use the **-rm** option.
   179  
   180     When attached in the tty mode, you can detach from a running container without
   181  stopping the process by pressing the keys CTRL-P CTRL-Q.
   182  
   183  **--device**=[]
   184     Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc:rwm)
   185  
   186  **--dns-search**=[]
   187     Set custom DNS search domains (Use --dns-search=. if you don't wish to set the search domain)
   188  
   189  **--dns-opt**=[]
   190     Set custom DNS options
   191  
   192  **--dns**=[]
   193     Set custom DNS servers
   194  
   195     This option can be used to override the DNS
   196  configuration passed to the container. Typically this is necessary when the
   197  host DNS configuration is invalid for the container (e.g., 127.0.0.1). When this
   198  is the case the **--dns** flags is necessary for every run.
   199  
   200  **-e**, **--env**=[]
   201     Set environment variables
   202  
   203     This option allows you to specify arbitrary
   204  environment variables that are available for the process that will be launched
   205  inside of the container.
   206  
   207  **--entrypoint**=""
   208     Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
   209  
   210     This option allows you to overwrite the default entrypoint of the image that
   211  is set in the Dockerfile. The ENTRYPOINT of an image is similar to a COMMAND
   212  because it specifies what executable to run when the container starts, but it is
   213  (purposely) more difficult to override. The ENTRYPOINT gives a container its
   214  default nature or behavior, so that when you set an ENTRYPOINT you can run the
   215  container as if it were that binary, complete with default options, and you can
   216  pass in more options via the COMMAND. But, sometimes an operator may want to run
   217  something else inside the container, so you can override the default ENTRYPOINT
   218  at runtime by using a **--entrypoint** and a string to specify the new
   219  ENTRYPOINT.
   220  
   221  **--env-file**=[]
   222     Read in a line delimited file of environment variables
   223  
   224  **--expose**=[]
   225     Expose a port, or a range of ports (e.g. --expose=3300-3310), from the container without publishing it to your host
   226  
   227  **--group-add**=[]
   228     Add additional groups to run as
   229  
   230  **-h**, **--hostname**=""
   231     Container host name
   232  
   233     Sets the container host name that is available inside the container.
   234  
   235  **--help**
   236    Print usage statement
   237  
   238  **-i**, **--interactive**=*true*|*false*
   239     Keep STDIN open even if not attached. The default is *false*.
   240  
   241     When set to true, keep stdin open even if not attached. The default is false.
   242  
   243  **--ipc**=""
   244     Default is to create a private IPC namespace (POSIX SysV IPC) for the container
   245                                 'container:<name|id>': reuses another container shared memory, semaphores and message queues
   246                                 'host': use the host shared memory,semaphores and message queues inside the container.  Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local shared memory and is therefore considered insecure.
   247  
   248  **-l**, **--label**=[]
   249     Set metadata on the container (e.g., --label com.example.key=value)
   250  
   251  **--kernel-memory**=""
   252     Kernel memory limit (format: `<number>[<unit>]`, where unit = b, k, m or g)
   253  
   254     Constrains the kernel memory available to a container. If a limit of 0
   255  is specified (not using `--kernel-memory`), the container's kernel memory
   256  is not limited. If you specify a limit, it may be rounded up to a multiple
   257  of the operating system's page size and the value can be very large,
   258  millions of trillions.
   259  
   260  **--label-file**=[]
   261     Read in a line delimited file of labels
   262  
   263  **--link**=[]
   264     Add link to another container in the form of <name or id>:alias or just <name or id>
   265  in which case the alias will match the name
   266  
   267     If the operator
   268  uses **--link** when starting the new client container, then the client
   269  container can access the exposed port via a private networking interface. Docker
   270  will set some environment variables in the client container to help indicate
   271  which interface and port to use.
   272  
   273  **--lxc-conf**=[]
   274     (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1"
   275  
   276  **--log-driver**="|*json-file*|*syslog*|*journald*|*gelf*|*fluentd*|*awslogs*|*none*"
   277    Logging driver for container. Default is defined by daemon `--log-driver` flag.
   278    **Warning**: the `docker logs` command works only for the `json-file` and
   279    `journald` logging drivers.
   280  
   281  **--log-opt**=[]
   282    Logging driver specific options.
   283  
   284  **-m**, **--memory**=""
   285     Memory limit (format: <number>[<unit>], where unit = b, k, m or g)
   286  
   287     Allows you to constrain the memory available to a container. If the host
   288  supports swap memory, then the **-m** memory setting can be larger than physical
   289  RAM. If a limit of 0 is specified (not using **-m**), the container's memory is
   290  not limited. The actual limit may be rounded up to a multiple of the operating
   291  system's page size (the value would be very large, that's millions of trillions).
   292  
   293  **--memory-swap**=""
   294     Total memory limit (memory + swap)
   295  
   296     Set `-1` to disable swap (format: <number>[<unit>], where unit = b, k, m or g).
   297  This value should always larger than **-m**, so you should always use this with **-m**.
   298  
   299  **--mac-address**=""
   300     Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
   301  
   302     Remember that the MAC address in an Ethernet network must be unique.
   303  The IPv6 link-local address will be based on the device's MAC address
   304  according to RFC4862.
   305  
   306  **--name**=""
   307     Assign a name to the container
   308  
   309     The operator can identify a container in three ways:
   310      UUID long identifier (“f78375b1c487e03c9438c729345e54db9d20cfa2ac1fc3494b6eb60872e74778”)
   311      UUID short identifier (“f78375b1c487”)
   312      Name (“jonah”)
   313  
   314     The UUID identifiers come from the Docker daemon, and if a name is not assigned
   315  to the container with **--name** then the daemon will also generate a random
   316  string name. The name is useful when defining links (see **--link**) (or any
   317  other place you need to identify a container). This works for both background
   318  and foreground Docker containers.
   319  
   320  **--net**="bridge"
   321     Set the Network mode for the container
   322                                 'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge
   323                                 'none': no networking for this container
   324                                 'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack
   325                                 'host': use the host network stack inside the container.  Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure.
   326  
   327  **--oom-kill-disable**=*true*|*false*
   328     Whether to disable OOM Killer for the container or not.
   329  
   330  **-P**, **--publish-all**=*true*|*false*
   331     Publish all exposed ports to random ports on the host interfaces. The default is *false*.
   332  
   333     When set to true publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces. The
   334  default is false. If the operator uses -P (or -p) then Docker will make the
   335  exposed port accessible on the host and the ports will be available to any
   336  client that can reach the host. When using -P, Docker will bind any exposed
   337  port to a random port on the host within an *ephemeral port range* defined by
   338  `/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range`. To find the mapping between the host
   339  ports and the exposed ports, use `docker port`.
   340  
   341  **-p**, **--publish**=[]
   342     Publish a container's port, or range of ports, to the host.
   343                                 format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort | containerPort
   344                                 Both hostPort and containerPort can be specified as a range of ports. 
   345                                 When specifying ranges for both, the number of container ports in the range must match the number of host ports in the range. (e.g., `-p 1234-1236:1234-1236/tcp`)
   346                                 (use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping)
   347  
   348  **--pid**=host
   349     Set the PID mode for the container
   350       **host**: use the host's PID namespace inside the container.
   351       Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local PID and is therefore considered insecure.
   352  
   353  **--uts**=host
   354     Set the UTS mode for the container
   355       **host**: use the host's UTS namespace inside the container.
   356       Note: the host mode gives the container access to changing the host's hostname and is therefore considered insecure.
   357  
   358  **--privileged**=*true*|*false*
   359     Give extended privileges to this container. The default is *false*.
   360  
   361     By default, Docker containers are
   362  “unprivileged” (=false) and cannot, for example, run a Docker daemon inside the
   363  Docker container. This is because by default a container is not allowed to
   364  access any devices. A “privileged” container is given access to all devices.
   365  
   366     When the operator executes **docker run --privileged**, Docker will enable access
   367  to all devices on the host as well as set some configuration in AppArmor to
   368  allow the container nearly all the same access to the host as processes running
   369  outside of a container on the host.
   370  
   371  **--read-only**=*true*|*false*
   372     Mount the container's root filesystem as read only.
   373  
   374     By default a container will have its root filesystem writable allowing processes
   375  to write files anywhere.  By specifying the `--read-only` flag the container will have
   376  its root filesystem mounted as read only prohibiting any writes.
   377  
   378  **--restart**="no"
   379     Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always, unless-stopped).
   380  
   381  **--rm**=*true*|*false*
   382     Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d). The default is *false*.
   383  
   384  **--security-opt**=[]
   385     Security Options
   386  
   387     "label:user:USER"   : Set the label user for the container
   388      "label:role:ROLE"   : Set the label role for the container
   389      "label:type:TYPE"   : Set the label type for the container
   390      "label:level:LEVEL" : Set the label level for the container
   391      "label:disable"     : Turn off label confinement for the container
   392  
   393  **--stop-signal**=SIGTERM
   394    Signal to stop a container. Default is SIGTERM.
   395  
   396  **--sig-proxy**=*true*|*false*
   397     Proxy received signals to the process (non-TTY mode only). SIGCHLD, SIGSTOP, and SIGKILL are not proxied. The default is *true*.
   398  
   399  **--memory-swappiness**=""
   400     Tune a container's memory swappiness behavior. Accepts an integer between 0 and 100.
   401  
   402  **-t**, **--tty**=*true*|*false*
   403     Allocate a pseudo-TTY. The default is *false*.
   404  
   405     When set to true Docker can allocate a pseudo-tty and attach to the standard
   406  input of any container. This can be used, for example, to run a throwaway
   407  interactive shell. The default is value is false.
   408  
   409  The **-t** option is incompatible with a redirection of the docker client
   410  standard input.
   411  
   412  **-u**, **--user**=""
   413     Sets the username or UID used and optionally the groupname or GID for the specified command.
   414  
   415     The followings examples are all valid:
   416     --user [user | user:group | uid | uid:gid | user:gid | uid:group ]
   417  
   418     Without this argument the command will be run as root in the container.
   419  
   420  ""--ulimit""=[]
   421      Ulimit options
   422  
   423  **-v**, **--volume**=[]
   424     Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from Docker: -v /container)
   425  
   426     The **-v** option can be used one or
   427  more times to add one or more mounts to a container. These mounts can then be
   428  used in other containers using the **--volumes-from** option.
   429  
   430     The volume may be optionally suffixed with :ro or :rw to mount the volumes in
   431  read-only or read-write mode, respectively. By default, the volumes are mounted
   432  read-write. See examples.
   433  
   434  Labeling systems like SELinux require that proper labels are placed on volume
   435  content mounted into a container. Without a label, the security system might
   436  prevent the processes running inside the container from using the content. By
   437  default, Docker does not change the labels set by the OS.
   438  
   439  To change a label in the container context, you can add either of two suffixes
   440  `:z` or `:Z` to the volume mount. These suffixes tell Docker to relabel file
   441  objects on the shared volumes. The `z` option tells Docker that two containers
   442  share the volume content. As a result, Docker labels the content with a shared
   443  content label. Shared volume labels allow all containers to read/write content.
   444  The `Z` option tells Docker to label the content with a private unshared label.
   445  Only the current container can use a private volume.
   446  
   447  The `container-dir` must always be an absolute path such as `/src/docs`. 
   448  The `host-dir` can either be an absolute path or a `name` value. If you 
   449  supply an absolute path for the `host-dir`, Docker bind-mounts to the path 
   450  you specify. If you supply a `name`, Docker creates a named volume by that `name`.
   451  
   452  A `name` value must start with start with an alphanumeric character, 
   453  followed by `a-z0-9`, `_` (underscore), `.` (period) or `-` (hyphen). 
   454  An absolute path starts with a `/` (forward slash).
   455  
   456  For example, you can specify either `/foo` or `foo` for a `host-dir` value. 
   457  If you supply the `/foo` value, Docker creates a bind-mount. If you supply 
   458  the `foo` specification, Docker creates a named volume.
   459  
   460  **Note:** Multiple Volume options can be added separated by a , (comma).
   461  
   462  **--volumes-from**=[]
   463     Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
   464  
   465     Mounts already mounted volumes from a source container onto another
   466     container. You must supply the source's container-id. To share 
   467     a volume, use the **--volumes-from** option when running
   468     the target container. You can share volumes even if the source container 
   469     is not running.
   470  
   471     By default, Docker mounts the volumes in the same mode (read-write or 
   472     read-only) as it is mounted in the source container. Optionally, you 
   473     can change this by suffixing the container-id with either the `:ro` or 
   474     `:rw ` keyword.
   475  
   476     If the location of the volume from the source container overlaps with
   477     data residing on a target container, then the volume hides
   478     that data on the target.
   479  
   480  **-w**, **--workdir**=""
   481     Working directory inside the container
   482  
   483     The default working directory for
   484  running binaries within a container is the root directory (/). The developer can
   485  set a different default with the Dockerfile WORKDIR instruction. The operator
   486  can override the working directory by using the **-w** option.
   487  
   488  # EXAMPLES
   489  
   490  ## Exposing log messages from the container to the host's log
   491  
   492  If you want messages that are logged in your container to show up in the host's
   493  syslog/journal then you should bind mount the /dev/log directory as follows.
   494  
   495      # docker run -v /dev/log:/dev/log -i -t fedora /bin/bash
   496  
   497  From inside the container you can test this by sending a message to the log.
   498  
   499      (bash)# logger "Hello from my container"
   500  
   501  Then exit and check the journal.
   502  
   503      # exit
   504  
   505      # journalctl -b | grep Hello
   506  
   507  This should list the message sent to logger.
   508  
   509  ## Attaching to one or more from STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR
   510  
   511  If you do not specify -a then Docker will attach everything (stdin,stdout,stderr)
   512  . You can specify to which of the three standard streams (stdin, stdout, stderr)
   513  you’d like to connect instead, as in:
   514  
   515      # docker run -a stdin -a stdout -i -t fedora /bin/bash
   516  
   517  ## Sharing IPC between containers
   518  
   519  Using shm_server.c available here: https://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node27.html
   520  
   521  Testing `--ipc=host` mode:
   522  
   523  Host shows a shared memory segment with 7 pids attached, happens to be from httpd:
   524  
   525  ```
   526   $ sudo ipcs -m
   527  
   528   ------ Shared Memory Segments --------
   529   key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      
   530   0x01128e25 0          root       600        1000       7                       
   531  ```
   532  
   533  Now run a regular container, and it correctly does NOT see the shared memory segment from the host:
   534  
   535  ```
   536   $ docker run -it shm ipcs -m
   537  
   538   ------ Shared Memory Segments --------	
   539   key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      
   540  ```
   541  
   542  Run a container with the new `--ipc=host` option, and it now sees the shared memory segment from the host httpd:
   543  
   544   ```
   545   $ docker run -it --ipc=host shm ipcs -m
   546  
   547   ------ Shared Memory Segments --------
   548   key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      
   549   0x01128e25 0          root       600        1000       7                   
   550  ```
   551  Testing `--ipc=container:CONTAINERID` mode:
   552  
   553  Start a container with a program to create a shared memory segment:
   554  ```
   555   $ docker run -it shm bash
   556   $ sudo shm/shm_server &
   557   $ sudo ipcs -m
   558  
   559   ------ Shared Memory Segments --------
   560   key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      
   561   0x0000162e 0          root       666        27         1                       
   562  ```
   563  Create a 2nd container correctly shows no shared memory segment from 1st container:
   564  ```
   565   $ docker run shm ipcs -m
   566  
   567   ------ Shared Memory Segments --------
   568   key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      
   569  ```
   570  
   571  Create a 3rd container using the new --ipc=container:CONTAINERID option, now it shows the shared memory segment from the first:
   572  
   573  ```
   574   $ docker run -it --ipc=container:ed735b2264ac shm ipcs -m
   575   $ sudo ipcs -m
   576  
   577   ------ Shared Memory Segments --------
   578   key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status      
   579   0x0000162e 0          root       666        27         1
   580  ```
   581  
   582  ## Linking Containers
   583  
   584  The link feature allows multiple containers to communicate with each other. For
   585  example, a container whose Dockerfile has exposed port 80 can be run and named
   586  as follows:
   587  
   588      # docker run --name=link-test -d -i -t fedora/httpd
   589  
   590  A second container, in this case called linker, can communicate with the httpd
   591  container, named link-test, by running with the **--link=<name>:<alias>**
   592  
   593      # docker run -t -i --link=link-test:lt --name=linker fedora /bin/bash
   594  
   595  Now the container linker is linked to container link-test with the alias lt.
   596  Running the **env** command in the linker container shows environment variables
   597   with the LT (alias) context (**LT_**)
   598  
   599      # env
   600      HOSTNAME=668231cb0978
   601      TERM=xterm
   602      LT_PORT_80_TCP=tcp://172.17.0.3:80
   603      LT_PORT_80_TCP_PORT=80
   604      LT_PORT_80_TCP_PROTO=tcp
   605      LT_PORT=tcp://172.17.0.3:80
   606      PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
   607      PWD=/
   608      LT_NAME=/linker/lt
   609      SHLVL=1
   610      HOME=/
   611      LT_PORT_80_TCP_ADDR=172.17.0.3
   612      _=/usr/bin/env
   613  
   614  When linking two containers Docker will use the exposed ports of the container
   615  to create a secure tunnel for the parent to access.
   616  
   617  
   618  ## Mapping Ports for External Usage
   619  
   620  The exposed port of an application can be mapped to a host port using the **-p**
   621  flag. For example, a httpd port 80 can be mapped to the host port 8080 using the
   622  following:
   623  
   624      # docker run -p 8080:80 -d -i -t fedora/httpd
   625  
   626  ## Creating and Mounting a Data Volume Container
   627  
   628  Many applications require the sharing of persistent data across several
   629  containers. Docker allows you to create a Data Volume Container that other
   630  containers can mount from. For example, create a named container that contains
   631  directories /var/volume1 and /tmp/volume2. The image will need to contain these
   632  directories so a couple of RUN mkdir instructions might be required for you
   633  fedora-data image:
   634  
   635      # docker run --name=data -v /var/volume1 -v /tmp/volume2 -i -t fedora-data true
   636      # docker run --volumes-from=data --name=fedora-container1 -i -t fedora bash
   637  
   638  Multiple --volumes-from parameters will bring together multiple data volumes from
   639  multiple containers. And it's possible to mount the volumes that came from the
   640  DATA container in yet another container via the fedora-container1 intermediary
   641  container, allowing to abstract the actual data source from users of that data:
   642  
   643      # docker run --volumes-from=fedora-container1 --name=fedora-container2 -i -t fedora bash
   644  
   645  ## Mounting External Volumes
   646  
   647  To mount a host directory as a container volume, specify the absolute path to
   648  the directory and the absolute path for the container directory separated by a
   649  colon:
   650  
   651      # docker run -v /var/db:/data1 -i -t fedora bash
   652  
   653  When using SELinux, be aware that the host has no knowledge of container SELinux
   654  policy. Therefore, in the above example, if SELinux policy is enforced, the
   655  `/var/db` directory is not writable to the container. A "Permission Denied"
   656  message will occur and an avc: message in the host's syslog.
   657  
   658  
   659  To work around this, at time of writing this man page, the following command
   660  needs to be run in order for the proper SELinux policy type label to be attached
   661  to the host directory:
   662  
   663      # chcon -Rt svirt_sandbox_file_t /var/db
   664  
   665  
   666  Now, writing to the /data1 volume in the container will be allowed and the
   667  changes will also be reflected on the host in /var/db.
   668  
   669  ## Using alternative security labeling
   670  
   671  You can override the default labeling scheme for each container by specifying
   672  the `--security-opt` flag. For example, you can specify the MCS/MLS level, a
   673  requirement for MLS systems. Specifying the level in the following command
   674  allows you to share the same content between containers.
   675  
   676      # docker run --security-opt label:level:s0:c100,c200 -i -t fedora bash
   677  
   678  An MLS example might be:
   679  
   680      # docker run --security-opt label:level:TopSecret -i -t rhel7 bash
   681  
   682  To disable the security labeling for this container versus running with the
   683  `--permissive` flag, use the following command:
   684  
   685      # docker run --security-opt label:disable -i -t fedora bash
   686  
   687  If you want a tighter security policy on the processes within a container,
   688  you can specify an alternate type for the container. You could run a container
   689  that is only allowed to listen on Apache ports by executing the following
   690  command:
   691  
   692      # docker run --security-opt label:type:svirt_apache_t -i -t centos bash
   693  
   694  Note:
   695  
   696  You would have to write policy defining a `svirt_apache_t` type.
   697  
   698  # HISTORY
   699  April 2014, Originally compiled by William Henry (whenry at redhat dot com)
   700  based on docker.com source material and internal work.
   701  June 2014, updated by Sven Dowideit <SvenDowideit@home.org.au>
   702  July 2014, updated by Sven Dowideit <SvenDowideit@home.org.au>