github.com/xushiwei/go@v0.0.0-20130601165731-2b9d83f45bc9/src/cmd/gc/lex.c

// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

#include	<u.h>
#include	<libc.h>
#include	"go.h"
#include	"y.tab.h"
#include	<ar.h>

#undef	getc
#undef	ungetc
#define	getc	ccgetc
#define	ungetc	ccungetc

extern int yychar;
int windows;
int yyprev;
int yylast;

static void	lexinit(void);
static void	lexinit1(void);
static void	lexfini(void);
static void	yytinit(void);
static int	getc(void);
static void	ungetc(int);
static int32	getr(void);
static int	escchar(int, int*, vlong*);
static void	addidir(char*);
static int	getlinepragma(void);
static char *goos, *goarch, *goroot;

#define	BOM	0xFEFF

// Compiler experiments.
// These are controlled by the GOEXPERIMENT environment
// variable recorded when the compiler is built.
static struct {
	char *name;
	int *val;
} exper[] = {
//	{"rune32", &rune32},
	{"fieldtrack", &fieldtrack_enabled},
	{nil, nil},
};

static void
addexp(char *s)
{
	int i;
	
	for(i=0; exper[i].name != nil; i++) {
		if(strcmp(exper[i].name, s) == 0) {
			*exper[i].val = 1;
			return;
		}
	}
	
	print("unknown experiment %s\n", s);
	exits("unknown experiment");
}

static void
setexp(void)
{
	char *f[20];
	int i, nf;
	
	// The makefile #defines GOEXPERIMENT for us.
	nf = getfields(GOEXPERIMENT, f, nelem(f), 1, ",");
	for(i=0; i<nf; i++)
		addexp(f[i]);
}

char*
expstring(void)
{
	int i;
	static char buf[512];

	strcpy(buf, "X");
	for(i=0; exper[i].name != nil; i++)
		if(*exper[i].val)
			seprint(buf+strlen(buf), buf+sizeof buf, ",%s", exper[i].name);
	if(strlen(buf) == 1)
		strcpy(buf, "X,none");
	buf[1] = ':';
	return buf;
}

// Our own isdigit, isspace, isalpha, isalnum that take care 
// of EOF and other out of range arguments.
static int
yy_isdigit(int c)
{
	return c >= 0 && c <= 0xFF && isdigit(c);
}

static int
yy_isspace(int c)
{
	return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r';
}

static int
yy_isalpha(int c)
{
	return c >= 0 && c <= 0xFF && isalpha(c);
}

static int
yy_isalnum(int c)
{
	return c >= 0 && c <= 0xFF && isalnum(c);
}

// Disallow use of isdigit etc.
#undef isdigit
#undef isspace
#undef isalpha
#undef isalnum
#define isdigit use_yy_isdigit_instead_of_isdigit
#define isspace use_yy_isspace_instead_of_isspace
#define isalpha use_yy_isalpha_instead_of_isalpha
#define isalnum use_yy_isalnum_instead_of_isalnum

#define	DBG	if(!debug['x']){}else print
enum
{
	EOF		= -1,
};

void
usage(void)
{
	print("usage: %cg [options] file.go...\n", thechar);
	flagprint(1);
	exits("usage");
}

void
fault(int s)
{
	USED(s);

	// If we've already complained about things
	// in the program, don't bother complaining
	// about the seg fault too; let the user clean up
	// the code and try again.
	if(nsavederrors + nerrors > 0)
		errorexit();
	fatal("fault");
}

void
doversion(void)
{
	char *p;

	p = expstring();
	if(strcmp(p, "X:none") == 0)
		p = "";
	print("%cg version %s%s%s\n", thechar, getgoversion(), *p ? " " : "", p);
	exits(0);
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int i;
	NodeList *l;
	char *p;

#ifdef	SIGBUS	
	signal(SIGBUS, fault);
	signal(SIGSEGV, fault);
#endif

	localpkg = mkpkg(strlit(""));
	localpkg->prefix = "\"\"";
	
	// pseudo-package, for scoping
	builtinpkg = mkpkg(strlit("go.builtin"));

	// pseudo-package, accessed by import "unsafe"
	unsafepkg = mkpkg(strlit("unsafe"));
	unsafepkg->name = "unsafe";

	// real package, referred to by generated runtime calls
	runtimepkg = mkpkg(strlit("runtime"));
	runtimepkg->name = "runtime";

	// pseudo-packages used in symbol tables
	gostringpkg = mkpkg(strlit("go.string"));
	gostringpkg->name = "go.string";
	gostringpkg->prefix = "go.string";	// not go%2estring

	itabpkg = mkpkg(strlit("go.itab"));
	itabpkg->name = "go.itab";
	itabpkg->prefix = "go.itab";	// not go%2eitab

	weaktypepkg = mkpkg(strlit("go.weak.type"));
	weaktypepkg->name = "go.weak.type";
	weaktypepkg->prefix = "go.weak.type";  // not go%2eweak%2etype
	
	typelinkpkg = mkpkg(strlit("go.typelink"));
	typelinkpkg->name = "go.typelink";
	typelinkpkg->prefix = "go.typelink"; // not go%2etypelink

	trackpkg = mkpkg(strlit("go.track"));
	trackpkg->name = "go.track";
	trackpkg->prefix = "go.track";  // not go%2etrack

	typepkg = mkpkg(strlit("type"));
	typepkg->name = "type";

	goroot = getgoroot();
	goos = getgoos();
	goarch = thestring;
	
	setexp();

	outfile = nil;
	flagcount("+", "compiling runtime", &compiling_runtime);
	flagcount("%", "debug non-static initializers", &debug['%']);
	flagcount("A", "for bootstrapping, allow 'any' type", &debug['A']);
	flagcount("B", "disable bounds checking", &debug['B']);
	flagstr("D", "path: set relative path for local imports", &localimport);
	flagcount("E", "debug symbol export", &debug['E']);
	flagfn1("I", "dir: add dir to import search path", addidir);
	flagcount("K", "debug missing line numbers", &debug['K']);
	flagcount("L", "use full (long) path in error messages", &debug['L']);
	flagcount("M", "debug move generation", &debug['M']);
	flagcount("N", "disable optimizations", &debug['N']);
	flagcount("P", "debug peephole optimizer", &debug['P']);
	flagcount("R", "debug register optimizer", &debug['R']);
	flagcount("S", "print assembly listing", &debug['S']);
	flagfn0("V", "print compiler version", doversion);
	flagcount("W", "debug parse tree after type checking", &debug['W']);
	flagcount("complete", "compiling complete package (no C or assembly)", &pure_go);
	flagcount("d", "debug declarations", &debug['d']);
	flagcount("e", "no limit on number of errors reported", &debug['e']);
	flagcount("f", "debug stack frames", &debug['f']);
	flagcount("g", "debug code generation", &debug['g']);
	flagcount("h", "halt on error", &debug['h']);
	flagcount("i", "debug line number stack", &debug['i']);
	flagcount("j", "debug runtime-initialized variables", &debug['j']);
	flagcount("l", "disable inlining", &debug['l']);
	flagcount("m", "print optimization decisions", &debug['m']);
	flagstr("o", "obj: set output file", &outfile);
	flagstr("p", "path: set expected package import path", &myimportpath);
	flagcount("r", "debug generated wrappers", &debug['r']);
	flagcount("race", "enable race detector", &flag_race);
	flagcount("s", "warn about composite literals that can be simplified", &debug['s']);
	flagcount("u", "reject unsafe code", &safemode);
	flagcount("v", "increase debug verbosity", &debug['v']);
	flagcount("w", "debug type checking", &debug['w']);
	flagcount("x", "debug lexer", &debug['x']);
	flagcount("y", "debug declarations in canned imports (with -d)", &debug['y']);
	if(thechar == '6')
		flagcount("largemodel", "generate code that assumes a large memory model", &flag_largemodel);

	flagparse(&argc, &argv, usage);

	if(argc < 1)
		usage();

	if(flag_race) {
		racepkg = mkpkg(strlit("runtime/race"));
		racepkg->name = "race";
	}

	// enable inlining.  for now:
	//	default: inlining on.  (debug['l'] == 1)
	//	-l: inlining off  (debug['l'] == 0)
	//	-ll, -lll: inlining on again, with extra debugging (debug['l'] > 1)
	if(debug['l'] <= 1)
		debug['l'] = 1 - debug['l'];

	if(thechar == '8') {
		p = getgo386();
		if(strcmp(p, "387") == 0)
			use_sse = 0;
		else if(strcmp(p, "sse2") == 0)
			use_sse = 1;
		else
			sysfatal("unsupported setting GO386=%s", p);
	}

	pathname = mal(1000);
	if(getwd(pathname, 999) == 0)
		strcpy(pathname, "/???");

	if(yy_isalpha(pathname[0]) && pathname[1] == ':') {
		// On Windows.
		windows = 1;

		// Canonicalize path by converting \ to / (Windows accepts both).
		for(p=pathname; *p; p++)
			if(*p == '\\')
				*p = '/';
	}

	fmtinstallgo();
	betypeinit();
	if(widthptr == 0)
		fatal("betypeinit failed");

	lexinit();
	typeinit();
	lexinit1();
	yytinit();

	blockgen = 1;
	dclcontext = PEXTERN;
	nerrors = 0;
	lexlineno = 1;

	for(i=0; i<argc; i++) {
		infile = argv[i];
		linehist(infile, 0, 0);

		curio.infile = infile;
		curio.bin = Bopen(infile, OREAD);
		if(curio.bin == nil) {
			print("open %s: %r\n", infile);
			errorexit();
		}
		curio.peekc = 0;
		curio.peekc1 = 0;
		curio.nlsemi = 0;

		// Skip initial BOM if present.
		if(Bgetrune(curio.bin) != BOM)
			Bungetrune(curio.bin);

		block = 1;
		iota = -1000000;

		yyparse();
		if(nsyntaxerrors != 0)
			errorexit();

		linehist(nil, 0, 0);
		if(curio.bin != nil)
			Bterm(curio.bin);
	}
	testdclstack();
	mkpackage(localpkg->name);	// final import not used checks
	lexfini();

	typecheckok = 1;
	if(debug['f'])
		frame(1);

	// Process top-level declarations in phases.

	// Phase 1: const, type, and names and types of funcs.
	//   This will gather all the information about types
	//   and methods but doesn't depend on any of it.
	defercheckwidth();
	for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next)
		if(l->n->op != ODCL && l->n->op != OAS)
			typecheck(&l->n, Etop);

	// Phase 2: Variable assignments.
	//   To check interface assignments, depends on phase 1.
	for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next)
		if(l->n->op == ODCL || l->n->op == OAS)
			typecheck(&l->n, Etop);
	resumecheckwidth();

	// Phase 3: Type check function bodies.
	for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next) {
		if(l->n->op == ODCLFUNC || l->n->op == OCLOSURE) {
			curfn = l->n;
			saveerrors();
			typechecklist(l->n->nbody, Etop);
			checkreturn(l->n);
			if(nerrors != 0)
				l->n->nbody = nil;  // type errors; do not compile
		}
	}

	curfn = nil;
	
	if(nsavederrors+nerrors)
		errorexit();

	// Phase 4: Inlining
	if(debug['l'] > 1) {
		// Typecheck imported function bodies if debug['l'] > 1,
		// otherwise lazily when used or re-exported.
		for(l=importlist; l; l=l->next)
			if (l->n->inl) {
				saveerrors();
				typecheckinl(l->n);
			}
		
		if(nsavederrors+nerrors)
			errorexit();
	}

	if(debug['l']) {
		// Find functions that can be inlined and clone them before walk expands them.
		for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next)
			if(l->n->op == ODCLFUNC)
				caninl(l->n);
		
		// Expand inlineable calls in all functions
		for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next)
			if(l->n->op == ODCLFUNC)
				inlcalls(l->n);
	}

	// Phase 5: Escape analysis.
	if(!debug['N'])
		escapes(xtop);

	// Phase 6: Compile top level functions.
	for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next)
		if(l->n->op == ODCLFUNC)
			funccompile(l->n, 0);

	if(nsavederrors+nerrors == 0)
		fninit(xtop);

	// Phase 7: Check external declarations.
	for(l=externdcl; l; l=l->next)
		if(l->n->op == ONAME)
			typecheck(&l->n, Erv);

	if(nerrors+nsavederrors)
		errorexit();

	dumpobj();

	if(nerrors+nsavederrors)
		errorexit();

	flusherrors();
	exits(0);
	return 0;
}

void
saveerrors(void)
{
	nsavederrors += nerrors;
	nerrors = 0;
}

/*
 *	macro to portably read/write archive header.
 *	'cmd' is read/write/Bread/Bwrite, etc.
 */
#define	HEADER_IO(cmd, f, h)	cmd(f, h.name, sizeof(h.name)) != sizeof(h.name)\
				|| cmd(f, h.date, sizeof(h.date)) != sizeof(h.date)\
				|| cmd(f, h.uid, sizeof(h.uid)) != sizeof(h.uid)\
				|| cmd(f, h.gid, sizeof(h.gid)) != sizeof(h.gid)\
				|| cmd(f, h.mode, sizeof(h.mode)) != sizeof(h.mode)\
				|| cmd(f, h.size, sizeof(h.size)) != sizeof(h.size)\
				|| cmd(f, h.fmag, sizeof(h.fmag)) != sizeof(h.fmag)

static int
arsize(Biobuf *b, char *name)
{
	struct ar_hdr a;

	if (HEADER_IO(Bread, b, a))
		return -1;

	if(strncmp(a.name, name, strlen(name)) != 0)
		return -1;

	return atoi(a.size);
}

static int
skiptopkgdef(Biobuf *b)
{
	char *p;
	int sz;

	/* archive header */
	if((p = Brdline(b, '\n')) == nil)
		return 0;
	if(Blinelen(b) != 8)
		return 0;
	if(memcmp(p, "!<arch>\n", 8) != 0)
		return 0;
	/* symbol table is first; skip it */
	sz = arsize(b, "__.GOSYMDEF");
	if(sz < 0)
		return 0;
	Bseek(b, sz, 1);
	/* package export block is second */
	sz = arsize(b, "__.PKGDEF");
	if(sz <= 0)
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

static void
addidir(char* dir)
{
	Idir** pp;

	if(dir == nil)
		return;

	for(pp = &idirs; *pp != nil; pp = &(*pp)->link)
		;
	*pp = mal(sizeof(Idir));
	(*pp)->link = nil;
	(*pp)->dir = dir;
}

// is this path a local name?  begins with ./ or ../ or /
static int
islocalname(Strlit *name)
{
	if(name->len >= 1 && name->s[0] == '/')
		return 1;
	if(windows && name->len >= 3 &&
	   yy_isalpha(name->s[0]) && name->s[1] == ':' && name->s[2] == '/')
	   	return 1;
	if(name->len >= 2 && strncmp(name->s, "./", 2) == 0)
		return 1;
	if(name->len == 1 && strncmp(name->s, ".", 1) == 0)
		return 1;
	if(name->len >= 3 && strncmp(name->s, "../", 3) == 0)
		return 1;
	if(name->len == 2 && strncmp(name->s, "..", 2) == 0)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

static int
findpkg(Strlit *name)
{
	Idir *p;
	char *q, *race;

	if(islocalname(name)) {
		if(safemode)
			return 0;
		// try .a before .6.  important for building libraries:
		// if there is an array.6 in the array.a library,
		// want to find all of array.a, not just array.6.
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%Z.a", name);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%Z.%c", name, thechar);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
		return 0;
	}

	// local imports should be canonicalized already.
	// don't want to see "encoding/../encoding/base64"
	// as different from "encoding/base64".
	q = mal(name->len+1);
	memmove(q, name->s, name->len);
	q[name->len] = '\0';
	cleanname(q);
	if(strlen(q) != name->len || memcmp(q, name->s, name->len) != 0) {
		yyerror("non-canonical import path %Z (should be %s)", name, q);
		return 0;
	}

	for(p = idirs; p != nil; p = p->link) {
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%s/%Z.a", p->dir, name);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%s/%Z.%c", p->dir, name, thechar);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
	}
	if(goroot != nil) {
		race = "";
		if(flag_race)
			race = "_race";
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%s/pkg/%s_%s%s/%Z.a", goroot, goos, goarch, race, name);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%s/pkg/%s_%s%s/%Z.%c", goroot, goos, goarch, race, name, thechar);
		if(access(namebuf, 0) >= 0)
			return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void
fakeimport(void)
{
	importpkg = mkpkg(strlit("fake"));
	cannedimports("fake.6", "$$\n");
}

void
importfile(Val *f, int line)
{
	Biobuf *imp;
	char *file, *p, *q, *tag;
	int32 c;
	int len;
	Strlit *path;
	char *cleanbuf, *prefix;

	USED(line);

	if(f->ctype != CTSTR) {
		yyerror("import statement not a string");
		fakeimport();
		return;
	}

	if(f->u.sval->len == 0) {
		yyerror("import path is empty");
		fakeimport();
		return;
	}

	if(isbadimport(f->u.sval)) {
		fakeimport();
		return;
	}

	// The package name main is no longer reserved,
	// but we reserve the import path "main" to identify
	// the main package, just as we reserve the import 
	// path "math" to identify the standard math package.
	if(strcmp(f->u.sval->s, "main") == 0) {
		yyerror("cannot import \"main\"");
		errorexit();
	}

	if(myimportpath != nil && strcmp(f->u.sval->s, myimportpath) == 0) {
		yyerror("import \"%Z\" while compiling that package (import cycle)", f->u.sval);
		errorexit();
	}

	if(strcmp(f->u.sval->s, "unsafe") == 0) {
		if(safemode) {
			yyerror("cannot import package unsafe");
			errorexit();
		}
		importpkg = mkpkg(f->u.sval);
		cannedimports("unsafe.6", unsafeimport);
		return;
	}
	
	path = f->u.sval;
	if(islocalname(path)) {
		if(path->s[0] == '/') {
			yyerror("import path cannot be absolute path");
			fakeimport();
			return;
		}
		prefix = pathname;
		if(localimport != nil)
			prefix = localimport;
		cleanbuf = mal(strlen(prefix) + strlen(path->s) + 2);
		strcpy(cleanbuf, prefix);
		strcat(cleanbuf, "/");
		strcat(cleanbuf, path->s);
		cleanname(cleanbuf);
		path = strlit(cleanbuf);
		
		if(isbadimport(path)) {
			fakeimport();
			return;
		}
	}

	if(!findpkg(path)) {
		yyerror("can't find import: \"%Z\"", f->u.sval);
		errorexit();
	}
	importpkg = mkpkg(path);

	// If we already saw that package, feed a dummy statement
	// to the lexer to avoid parsing export data twice.
	if(importpkg->imported) {
		file = strdup(namebuf);
		tag = "";
		if(importpkg->safe) {
			tag = "safe";
		}
		p = smprint("package %s %s\n$$\n", importpkg->name, tag);
		cannedimports(file, p);
		return;
	}
	importpkg->imported = 1;

	imp = Bopen(namebuf, OREAD);
	if(imp == nil) {
		yyerror("can't open import: \"%Z\": %r", f->u.sval);
		errorexit();
	}
	file = strdup(namebuf);

	len = strlen(namebuf);
	if(len > 2 && namebuf[len-2] == '.' && namebuf[len-1] == 'a') {
		if(!skiptopkgdef(imp)) {
			yyerror("import %s: not a package file", file);
			errorexit();
		}
	}
	
	// check object header
	p = Brdstr(imp, '\n', 1);
	if(strcmp(p, "empty archive") != 0) {
		if(strncmp(p, "go object ", 10) != 0) {
			yyerror("import %s: not a go object file", file);
			errorexit();
		}
		q = smprint("%s %s %s %s", getgoos(), thestring, getgoversion(), expstring());
		if(strcmp(p+10, q) != 0) {
			yyerror("import %s: object is [%s] expected [%s]", file, p+10, q);
			errorexit();
		}
		free(q);
	}

	// assume files move (get installed)
	// so don't record the full path.
	linehist(file + len - path->len - 2, -1, 1);	// acts as #pragma lib

	/*
	 * position the input right
	 * after $$ and return
	 */
	pushedio = curio;
	curio.bin = imp;
	curio.peekc = 0;
	curio.peekc1 = 0;
	curio.infile = file;
	curio.nlsemi = 0;
	typecheckok = 1;

	for(;;) {
		c = getc();
		if(c == EOF)
			break;
		if(c != '$')
			continue;
		c = getc();
		if(c == EOF)
			break;
		if(c != '$')
			continue;
		return;
	}
	yyerror("no import in \"%Z\"", f->u.sval);
	unimportfile();
}

void
unimportfile(void)
{
	if(curio.bin != nil) {
		Bterm(curio.bin);
		curio.bin = nil;
	} else
		lexlineno--;	// re correct sys.6 line number

	curio = pushedio;
	pushedio.bin = nil;
	incannedimport = 0;
	typecheckok = 0;
}

void
cannedimports(char *file, char *cp)
{
	lexlineno++;		// if sys.6 is included on line 1,

	pushedio = curio;
	curio.bin = nil;
	curio.peekc = 0;
	curio.peekc1 = 0;
	curio.infile = file;
	curio.cp = cp;
	curio.nlsemi = 0;
	curio.importsafe = 0;

	typecheckok = 1;
	incannedimport = 1;
}

static int
isfrog(int c)
{
	// complain about possibly invisible control characters
	if(c < ' ') {
		return !yy_isspace(c);	// exclude good white space
	}
	if(0x7f <= c && c <= 0xa0)	// DEL, unicode block including unbreakable space.
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

typedef struct Loophack Loophack;
struct Loophack {
	int v;
	Loophack *next;
};

static int32
_yylex(void)
{
	int c, c1, clen, escflag, ncp;
	vlong v;
	char *cp, *ep;
	Rune rune;
	Sym *s;
	static Loophack *lstk;
	Loophack *h;

	prevlineno = lineno;

l0:
	c = getc();
	if(yy_isspace(c)) {
		if(c == '\n' && curio.nlsemi) {
			ungetc(c);
			DBG("lex: implicit semi\n");
			return ';';
		}
		goto l0;
	}

	lineno = lexlineno;	/* start of token */

	if(c >= Runeself) {
		/* all multibyte runes are alpha */
		cp = lexbuf;
		ep = lexbuf+sizeof lexbuf;
		goto talph;
	}

	if(yy_isalpha(c)) {
		cp = lexbuf;
		ep = lexbuf+sizeof lexbuf;
		goto talph;
	}

	if(yy_isdigit(c))
		goto tnum;

	switch(c) {
	case EOF:
		lineno = prevlineno;
		ungetc(EOF);
		return -1;

	case '_':
		cp = lexbuf;
		ep = lexbuf+sizeof lexbuf;
		goto talph;

	case '.':
		c1 = getc();
		if(yy_isdigit(c1)) {
			cp = lexbuf;
			ep = lexbuf+sizeof lexbuf;
			*cp++ = c;
			c = c1;
			goto casedot;
		}
		if(c1 == '.') {
			c1 = getc();
			if(c1 == '.') {
				c = LDDD;
				goto lx;
			}
			ungetc(c1);
			c1 = '.';
		}
		break;

	case '"':
		/* "..." */
		strcpy(lexbuf, "\"<string>\"");
		cp = mal(8);
		clen = sizeof(int32);
		ncp = 8;

		for(;;) {
			if(clen+UTFmax > ncp) {
				cp = remal(cp, ncp, ncp);
				ncp += ncp;
			}
			if(escchar('"', &escflag, &v))
				break;
			if(v < Runeself || escflag) {
				cp[clen++] = v;
			} else {
				rune = v;
				c = runelen(rune);
				runetochar(cp+clen, &rune);
				clen += c;
			}
		}
		goto strlit;
	
	case '`':
		/* `...` */
		strcpy(lexbuf, "`<string>`");
		cp = mal(8);
		clen = sizeof(int32);
		ncp = 8;

		for(;;) {
			if(clen+UTFmax > ncp) {
				cp = remal(cp, ncp, ncp);
				ncp += ncp;
			}
			c = getr();
			if(c == '\r')
				continue;
			if(c == EOF) {
				yyerror("eof in string");
				break;
			}
			if(c == '`')
				break;
			rune = c;
			clen += runetochar(cp+clen, &rune);
		}

	strlit:
		*(int32*)cp = clen-sizeof(int32);	// length
		do {
			cp[clen++] = 0;
		} while(clen & MAXALIGN);
		yylval.val.u.sval = (Strlit*)cp;
		yylval.val.ctype = CTSTR;
		DBG("lex: string literal\n");
		strcpy(litbuf, "string literal");
		return LLITERAL;

	case '\'':
		/* '.' */
		if(escchar('\'', &escflag, &v)) {
			yyerror("empty character literal or unescaped ' in character literal");
			v = '\'';
		}
		if(!escchar('\'', &escflag, &v)) {
			yyerror("missing '");
			ungetc(v);
		}
		yylval.val.u.xval = mal(sizeof(*yylval.val.u.xval));
		mpmovecfix(yylval.val.u.xval, v);
		yylval.val.ctype = CTRUNE;
		DBG("lex: codepoint literal\n");
		strcpy(litbuf, "string literal");
		return LLITERAL;

	case '/':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '*') {
			int nl;
			
			nl = 0;
			for(;;) {
				c = getr();
				if(c == '\n')
					nl = 1;
				while(c == '*') {
					c = getr();
					if(c == '/') {
						if(nl)
							ungetc('\n');
						goto l0;
					}
					if(c == '\n')
						nl = 1;
				}
				if(c == EOF) {
					yyerror("eof in comment");
					errorexit();
				}
			}
		}
		if(c1 == '/') {
			c = getlinepragma();
			for(;;) {
				if(c == '\n' || c == EOF) {
					ungetc(c);
					goto l0;
				}
				c = getr();
			}
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = ODIV;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case ':':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = LCOLAS;
			yylval.i = lexlineno;
			goto lx;
		}
		break;

	case '*':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OMUL;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '%':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OMOD;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '+':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '+') {
			c = LINC;
			goto lx;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OADD;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '-':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '-') {
			c = LDEC;
			goto lx;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OSUB;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '>':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '>') {
			c = LRSH;
			c1 = getc();
			if(c1 == '=') {
				c = ORSH;
				goto asop;
			}
			break;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = LGE;
			goto lx;
		}
		c = LGT;
		break;

	case '<':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '<') {
			c = LLSH;
			c1 = getc();
			if(c1 == '=') {
				c = OLSH;
				goto asop;
			}
			break;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = LLE;
			goto lx;
		}
		if(c1 == '-') {
			c = LCOMM;
			goto lx;
		}
		c = LLT;
		break;

	case '=':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = LEQ;
			goto lx;
		}
		break;

	case '!':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = LNE;
			goto lx;
		}
		break;

	case '&':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '&') {
			c = LANDAND;
			goto lx;
		}
		if(c1 == '^') {
			c = LANDNOT;
			c1 = getc();
			if(c1 == '=') {
				c = OANDNOT;
				goto asop;
			}
			break;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OAND;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '|':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '|') {
			c = LOROR;
			goto lx;
		}
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OOR;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	case '^':
		c1 = getc();
		if(c1 == '=') {
			c = OXOR;
			goto asop;
		}
		break;

	/*
	 * clumsy dance:
	 * to implement rule that disallows
	 *	if T{1}[0] { ... }
	 * but allows
	 * 	if (T{1}[0]) { ... }
	 * the block bodies for if/for/switch/select
	 * begin with an LBODY token, not '{'.
	 *
	 * when we see the keyword, the next
	 * non-parenthesized '{' becomes an LBODY.
	 * loophack is normally 0.
	 * a keyword makes it go up to 1.
	 * parens push loophack onto a stack and go back to 0.
	 * a '{' with loophack == 1 becomes LBODY and disables loophack.
	 *
	 * i said it was clumsy.
	 */
	case '(':
	case '[':
		if(loophack || lstk != nil) {
			h = malloc(sizeof *h);
			if(h == nil) {
				flusherrors();
				yyerror("out of memory");
				errorexit();
			}
			h->v = loophack;
			h->next = lstk;
			lstk = h;
			loophack = 0;
		}
		goto lx;
	case ')':
	case ']':
		if(lstk != nil) {
			h = lstk;
			loophack = h->v;
			lstk = h->next;
			free(h);
		}
		goto lx;
	case '{':
		if(loophack == 1) {
			DBG("%L lex: LBODY\n", lexlineno);
			loophack = 0;
			return LBODY;
		}
		goto lx;

	default:
		goto lx;
	}
	ungetc(c1);

lx:
	if(c > 0xff)
		DBG("%L lex: TOKEN %s\n", lexlineno, lexname(c));
	else
		DBG("%L lex: TOKEN '%c'\n", lexlineno, c);
	if(isfrog(c)) {
		yyerror("illegal character 0x%ux", c);
		goto l0;
	}
	if(importpkg == nil && (c == '#' || c == '$' || c == '?' || c == '@' || c == '\\')) {
		yyerror("%s: unexpected %c", "syntax error", c);
		goto l0;
	}
	return c;

asop:
	yylval.i = c;	// rathole to hold which asop
	DBG("lex: TOKEN ASOP %c\n", c);
	return LASOP;

talph:
	/*
	 * cp is set to lexbuf and some
	 * prefix has been stored
	 */
	for(;;) {
		if(cp+10 >= ep) {
			yyerror("identifier too long");
			errorexit();
		}
		if(c >= Runeself) {
			ungetc(c);
			rune = getr();
			// 0xb7 · is used for internal names
			if(!isalpharune(rune) && !isdigitrune(rune) && (importpkg == nil || rune != 0xb7))
				yyerror("invalid identifier character U+%04x", rune);
			cp += runetochar(cp, &rune);
		} else if(!yy_isalnum(c) && c != '_')
			break;
		else
			*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
	}
	*cp = 0;
	ungetc(c);

	s = lookup(lexbuf);
	switch(s->lexical) {
	case LIGNORE:
		goto l0;

	case LFOR:
	case LIF:
	case LSWITCH:
	case LSELECT:
		loophack = 1;	// see comment about loophack above
		break;
	}

	DBG("lex: %S %s\n", s, lexname(s->lexical));
	yylval.sym = s;
	return s->lexical;

tnum:
	cp = lexbuf;
	ep = lexbuf+sizeof lexbuf;
	if(c != '0') {
		for(;;) {
			if(cp+10 >= ep) {
				yyerror("identifier too long");
				errorexit();
			}
			*cp++ = c;
			c = getc();
			if(yy_isdigit(c))
				continue;
			goto dc;
		}
	}
	*cp++ = c;
	c = getc();
	if(c == 'x' || c == 'X') {
		for(;;) {
			if(cp+10 >= ep) {
				yyerror("identifier too long");
				errorexit();
			}
			*cp++ = c;
			c = getc();
			if(yy_isdigit(c))
				continue;
			if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
				continue;
			if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
				continue;
			if(cp == lexbuf+2)
				yyerror("malformed hex constant");
			if(c == 'p')
				goto caseep;
			goto ncu;
		}
	}

	if(c == 'p')	// 0p begins floating point zero
		goto caseep;

	c1 = 0;
	for(;;) {
		if(cp+10 >= ep) {
			yyerror("identifier too long");
			errorexit();
		}
		if(!yy_isdigit(c))
			break;
		if(c < '0' || c > '7')
			c1 = 1;		// not octal
		*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
	}
	if(c == '.')
		goto casedot;
	if(c == 'e' || c == 'E')
		goto caseep;
	if(c == 'i')
		goto casei;
	if(c1)
		yyerror("malformed octal constant");
	goto ncu;

dc:
	if(c == '.')
		goto casedot;
	if(c == 'e' || c == 'E' || c == 'p' || c == 'P')
		goto caseep;
	if(c == 'i')
		goto casei;

ncu:
	*cp = 0;
	ungetc(c);

	yylval.val.u.xval = mal(sizeof(*yylval.val.u.xval));
	mpatofix(yylval.val.u.xval, lexbuf);
	if(yylval.val.u.xval->ovf) {
		yyerror("overflow in constant");
		mpmovecfix(yylval.val.u.xval, 0);
	}
	yylval.val.ctype = CTINT;
	DBG("lex: integer literal\n");
	strcpy(litbuf, "literal ");
	strcat(litbuf, lexbuf);
	return LLITERAL;

casedot:
	for(;;) {
		if(cp+10 >= ep) {
			yyerror("identifier too long");
			errorexit();
		}
		*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
		if(!yy_isdigit(c))
			break;
	}
	if(c == 'i')
		goto casei;
	if(c != 'e' && c != 'E')
		goto caseout;

caseep:
	*cp++ = c;
	c = getc();
	if(c == '+' || c == '-') {
		*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
	}
	if(!yy_isdigit(c))
		yyerror("malformed fp constant exponent");
	while(yy_isdigit(c)) {
		if(cp+10 >= ep) {
			yyerror("identifier too long");
			errorexit();
		}
		*cp++ = c;
		c = getc();
	}
	if(c == 'i')
		goto casei;
	goto caseout;

casei:
	// imaginary constant
	*cp = 0;
	yylval.val.u.cval = mal(sizeof(*yylval.val.u.cval));
	mpmovecflt(&yylval.val.u.cval->real, 0.0);
	mpatoflt(&yylval.val.u.cval->imag, lexbuf);
	if(yylval.val.u.cval->imag.val.ovf) {
		yyerror("overflow in imaginary constant");
		mpmovecflt(&yylval.val.u.cval->real, 0.0);
	}
	yylval.val.ctype = CTCPLX;
	DBG("lex: imaginary literal\n");
	strcpy(litbuf, "literal ");
	strcat(litbuf, lexbuf);
	return LLITERAL;

caseout:
	*cp = 0;
	ungetc(c);

	yylval.val.u.fval = mal(sizeof(*yylval.val.u.fval));
	mpatoflt(yylval.val.u.fval, lexbuf);
	if(yylval.val.u.fval->val.ovf) {
		yyerror("overflow in float constant");
		mpmovecflt(yylval.val.u.fval, 0.0);
	}
	yylval.val.ctype = CTFLT;
	DBG("lex: floating literal\n");
	strcpy(litbuf, "literal ");
	strcat(litbuf, lexbuf);
	return LLITERAL;
}

/*
 * read and interpret syntax that looks like
 * //line parse.y:15
 * as a discontinuity in sequential line numbers.
 * the next line of input comes from parse.y:15
 */
static int
getlinepragma(void)
{
	int i, c, n;
	char *cp, *ep, *linep;
	Hist *h;

	c = getr();
	if(c == 'g')
		goto go;
	if(c != 'l')	
		goto out;
	for(i=1; i<5; i++) {
		c = getr();
		if(c != "line "[i])
			goto out;
	}

	cp = lexbuf;
	ep = lexbuf+sizeof(lexbuf)-5;
	linep = nil;
	for(;;) {
		c = getr();
		if(c == EOF)
			goto out;
		if(c == '\n')
			break;
		if(c == ' ')
			continue;
		if(c == ':')
			linep = cp;
		if(cp < ep)
			*cp++ = c;
	}
	*cp = 0;

	if(linep == nil || linep >= ep)
		goto out;
	*linep++ = '\0';
	n = 0;
	for(cp=linep; *cp; cp++) {
		if(*cp < '0' || *cp > '9')
			goto out;
		n = n*10 + *cp - '0';
		if(n > 1e8) {
			yyerror("line number out of range");
			errorexit();
		}
	}
	if(n <= 0)
		goto out;

	// try to avoid allocating file name over and over
	for(h=hist; h!=H; h=h->link) {
		if(h->name != nil && strcmp(h->name, lexbuf) == 0) {
			linehist(h->name, n, 0);
			goto out;
		}
	}
	linehist(strdup(lexbuf), n, 0);
	goto out;

go:
	cp = lexbuf;
	ep = lexbuf+sizeof(lexbuf)-5;
	*cp++ = 'g'; // already read
	for(;;) {
		c = getr();
		if(c == EOF || c >= Runeself)
			goto out;
		if(c == '\n')
			break;
		if(cp < ep)
			*cp++ = c;
	}
	*cp = 0;
	ep = strchr(lexbuf, ' ');
	if(ep != nil)
		*ep = 0;

	if(strcmp(lexbuf, "go:nointerface") == 0 && fieldtrack_enabled) {
		nointerface = 1;
		goto out;
	}
	if(strcmp(lexbuf, "go:noescape") == 0) {
		noescape = 1;
		goto out;
	}
	
out:
	return c;
}

int32
yylex(void)
{
	int lx;
	
	lx = _yylex();
	
	if(curio.nlsemi && lx == EOF) {
		// Treat EOF as "end of line" for the purposes
		// of inserting a semicolon.
		lx = ';';
	}

	switch(lx) {
	case LNAME:
	case LLITERAL:
	case LBREAK:
	case LCONTINUE:
	case LFALL:
	case LRETURN:
	case LINC:
	case LDEC:
	case ')':
	case '}':
	case ']':
		curio.nlsemi = 1;
		break;
	default:
		curio.nlsemi = 0;
		break;
	}

	// Track last two tokens returned by yylex.
	yyprev = yylast;
	yylast = lx;
	return lx;
}

static int
getc(void)
{
	int c, c1, c2;

	c = curio.peekc;
	if(c != 0) {
		curio.peekc = curio.peekc1;
		curio.peekc1 = 0;
		goto check;
	}
	
	if(curio.bin == nil) {
		c = *curio.cp & 0xff;
		if(c != 0)
			curio.cp++;
	} else {
	loop:
		c = Bgetc(curio.bin);
		if(c == 0xef) {
			c1 = Bgetc(curio.bin);
			c2 = Bgetc(curio.bin);
			if(c1 == 0xbb && c2 == 0xbf) {
				yyerrorl(lexlineno, "Unicode (UTF-8) BOM in middle of file");
				goto loop;
			}
			Bungetc(curio.bin);
			Bungetc(curio.bin);
		}
	}

check:
	switch(c) {
	case 0:
		if(curio.bin != nil) {
			yyerror("illegal NUL byte");
			break;
		}
	case EOF:
		// insert \n at EOF
		if(curio.eofnl)
			return EOF;
		curio.eofnl = 1;
		c = '\n';
	case '\n':
		if(pushedio.bin == nil)
			lexlineno++;
		break;
	}
	return c;
}

static void
ungetc(int c)
{
	curio.peekc1 = curio.peekc;
	curio.peekc = c;
	if(c == '\n' && pushedio.bin == nil)
		lexlineno--;
}

static int32
getr(void)
{
	int c, i;
	char str[UTFmax+1];
	Rune rune;

	c = getc();
	if(c < Runeself)
		return c;
	i = 0;
	str[i++] = c;

loop:
	c = getc();
	str[i++] = c;
	if(!fullrune(str, i))
		goto loop;
	c = chartorune(&rune, str);
	if(rune == Runeerror && c == 1) {
		lineno = lexlineno;
		yyerror("illegal UTF-8 sequence");
		flusherrors();
		print("\t");
		for(c=0; c<i; c++)
			print("%s%.2x", c > 0 ? " " : "", *(uchar*)(str+c));
		print("\n");
	}
	return rune;
}

static int
escchar(int e, int *escflg, vlong *val)
{
	int i, u, c;
	vlong l;

	*escflg = 0;

	c = getr();
	switch(c) {
	case EOF:
		yyerror("eof in string");
		return 1;
	case '\n':
		yyerror("newline in string");
		return 1;
	case '\\':
		break;
	default:
		if(c == e)
			return 1;
		*val = c;
		return 0;
	}

	u = 0;
	c = getr();
	switch(c) {
	case 'x':
		*escflg = 1;	// it's a byte
		i = 2;
		goto hex;

	case 'u':
		i = 4;
		u = 1;
		goto hex;

	case 'U':
		i = 8;
		u = 1;
		goto hex;

	case '0':
	case '1':
	case '2':
	case '3':
	case '4':
	case '5':
	case '6':
	case '7':
		*escflg = 1;	// it's a byte
		goto oct;

	case 'a': c = '\a'; break;
	case 'b': c = '\b'; break;
	case 'f': c = '\f'; break;
	case 'n': c = '\n'; break;
	case 'r': c = '\r'; break;
	case 't': c = '\t'; break;
	case 'v': c = '\v'; break;
	case '\\': c = '\\'; break;

	default:
		if(c != e)
			yyerror("unknown escape sequence: %c", c);
	}
	*val = c;
	return 0;

hex:
	l = 0;
	for(; i>0; i--) {
		c = getc();
		if(c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
			l = l*16 + c-'0';
			continue;
		}
		if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
			l = l*16 + c-'a' + 10;
			continue;
		}
		if(c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
			l = l*16 + c-'A' + 10;
			continue;
		}
		yyerror("non-hex character in escape sequence: %c", c);
		ungetc(c);
		break;
	}
	if(u && (l > Runemax || (0xd800 <= l && l < 0xe000))) {
		yyerror("invalid Unicode code point in escape sequence: %#llx", l);
		l = Runeerror;
	}
	*val = l;
	return 0;

oct:
	l = c - '0';
	for(i=2; i>0; i--) {
		c = getc();
		if(c >= '0' && c <= '7') {
			l = l*8 + c-'0';
			continue;
		}
		yyerror("non-octal character in escape sequence: %c", c);
		ungetc(c);
	}
	if(l > 255)
		yyerror("octal escape value > 255: %d", l);

	*val = l;
	return 0;
}

static	struct
{
	char*	name;
	int	lexical;
	int	etype;
	int	op;
} syms[] =
{
/*	name		lexical		etype		op
 */
/* basic types */
	"int8",		LNAME,		TINT8,		OXXX,
	"int16",	LNAME,		TINT16,		OXXX,
	"int32",	LNAME,		TINT32,		OXXX,
	"int64",	LNAME,		TINT64,		OXXX,

	"uint8",	LNAME,		TUINT8,		OXXX,
	"uint16",	LNAME,		TUINT16,	OXXX,
	"uint32",	LNAME,		TUINT32,	OXXX,
	"uint64",	LNAME,		TUINT64,	OXXX,

	"float32",	LNAME,		TFLOAT32,	OXXX,
	"float64",	LNAME,		TFLOAT64,	OXXX,

	"complex64",	LNAME,		TCOMPLEX64,	OXXX,
	"complex128",	LNAME,		TCOMPLEX128,	OXXX,

	"bool",		LNAME,		TBOOL,		OXXX,
	"string",	LNAME,		TSTRING,	OXXX,

	"any",		LNAME,		TANY,		OXXX,

	"break",	LBREAK,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"case",		LCASE,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"chan",		LCHAN,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"const",	LCONST,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"continue",	LCONTINUE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"default",	LDEFAULT,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"else",		LELSE,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"defer",	LDEFER,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"fallthrough",	LFALL,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"for",		LFOR,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"func",		LFUNC,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"go",		LGO,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"goto",		LGOTO,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"if",		LIF,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"import",	LIMPORT,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"interface",	LINTERFACE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"map",		LMAP,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"package",	LPACKAGE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"range",	LRANGE,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"return",	LRETURN,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"select",	LSELECT,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"struct",	LSTRUCT,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"switch",	LSWITCH,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"type",		LTYPE,		Txxx,		OXXX,
	"var",		LVAR,		Txxx,		OXXX,

	"append",	LNAME,		Txxx,		OAPPEND,
	"cap",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OCAP,
	"close",	LNAME,		Txxx,		OCLOSE,
	"complex",	LNAME,		Txxx,		OCOMPLEX,
	"copy",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OCOPY,
	"delete",	LNAME,		Txxx,		ODELETE,
	"imag",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OIMAG,
	"len",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OLEN,
	"make",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OMAKE,
	"new",		LNAME,		Txxx,		ONEW,
	"panic",	LNAME,		Txxx,		OPANIC,
	"print",	LNAME,		Txxx,		OPRINT,
	"println",	LNAME,		Txxx,		OPRINTN,
	"real",		LNAME,		Txxx,		OREAL,
	"recover",	LNAME,		Txxx,		ORECOVER,

	"notwithstanding",		LIGNORE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"thetruthofthematter",		LIGNORE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"despiteallobjections",		LIGNORE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"whereas",			LIGNORE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
	"insofaras",			LIGNORE,	Txxx,		OXXX,
};

static void
lexinit(void)
{
	int i, lex;
	Sym *s, *s1;
	Type *t;
	int etype;
	Val v;

	/*
	 * initialize basic types array
	 * initialize known symbols
	 */
	for(i=0; i<nelem(syms); i++) {
		lex = syms[i].lexical;
		s = lookup(syms[i].name);
		s->lexical = lex;

		etype = syms[i].etype;
		if(etype != Txxx) {
			if(etype < 0 || etype >= nelem(types))
				fatal("lexinit: %s bad etype", s->name);
			s1 = pkglookup(syms[i].name, builtinpkg);
			t = types[etype];
			if(t == T) {
				t = typ(etype);
				t->sym = s1;

				if(etype != TANY && etype != TSTRING)
					dowidth(t);
				types[etype] = t;
			}
			s1->lexical = LNAME;
			s1->def = typenod(t);
			continue;
		}

		etype = syms[i].op;
		if(etype != OXXX) {
			s1 = pkglookup(syms[i].name, builtinpkg);
			s1->lexical = LNAME;
			s1->def = nod(ONAME, N, N);
			s1->def->sym = s1;
			s1->def->etype = etype;
			s1->def->builtin = 1;
		}
	}

	// logically, the type of a string literal.
	// types[TSTRING] is the named type string
	// (the type of x in var x string or var x = "hello").
	// this is the ideal form
	// (the type of x in const x = "hello").
	idealstring = typ(TSTRING);
	idealbool = typ(TBOOL);

	s = pkglookup("true", builtinpkg);
	s->def = nodbool(1);
	s->def->sym = lookup("true");
	s->def->type = idealbool;

	s = pkglookup("false", builtinpkg);
	s->def = nodbool(0);
	s->def->sym = lookup("false");
	s->def->type = idealbool;

	s = lookup("_");
	s->block = -100;
	s->def = nod(ONAME, N, N);
	s->def->sym = s;
	types[TBLANK] = typ(TBLANK);
	s->def->type = types[TBLANK];
	nblank = s->def;

	s = pkglookup("_", builtinpkg);
	s->block = -100;
	s->def = nod(ONAME, N, N);
	s->def->sym = s;
	types[TBLANK] = typ(TBLANK);
	s->def->type = types[TBLANK];

	types[TNIL] = typ(TNIL);
	s = pkglookup("nil", builtinpkg);
	v.ctype = CTNIL;
	s->def = nodlit(v);
	s->def->sym = s;
}

static void
lexinit1(void)
{
	Sym *s, *s1;
	Type *t, *f, *rcvr, *in, *out;

	// t = interface { Error() string }
	rcvr = typ(TSTRUCT);
	rcvr->type = typ(TFIELD);
	rcvr->type->type = ptrto(typ(TSTRUCT));
	rcvr->funarg = 1;
	in = typ(TSTRUCT);
	in->funarg = 1;
	out = typ(TSTRUCT);
	out->type = typ(TFIELD);
	out->type->type = types[TSTRING];
	out->funarg = 1;
	f = typ(TFUNC);
	*getthis(f) = rcvr;
	*getoutarg(f) = out;
	*getinarg(f) = in;
	f->thistuple = 1;
	f->intuple = 0;
	f->outnamed = 0;
	f->outtuple = 1;
	t = typ(TINTER);
	t->type = typ(TFIELD);
	t->type->sym = lookup("Error");
	t->type->type = f;

	// error type
	s = lookup("error");
	s->lexical = LNAME;
	errortype = t;
	errortype->sym = s;
	s1 = pkglookup("error", builtinpkg);
	s1->lexical = LNAME;
	s1->def = typenod(errortype);

	// byte alias
	s = lookup("byte");
	s->lexical = LNAME;
	bytetype = typ(TUINT8);
	bytetype->sym = s;
	s1 = pkglookup("byte", builtinpkg);
	s1->lexical = LNAME;
	s1->def = typenod(bytetype);

	// rune alias
	s = lookup("rune");
	s->lexical = LNAME;
	runetype = typ(TINT32);
	runetype->sym = s;
	s1 = pkglookup("rune", builtinpkg);
	s1->lexical = LNAME;
	s1->def = typenod(runetype);
}

static void
lexfini(void)
{
	Sym *s;
	int lex, etype, i;
	Val v;

	for(i=0; i<nelem(syms); i++) {
		lex = syms[i].lexical;
		if(lex != LNAME)
			continue;
		s = lookup(syms[i].name);
		s->lexical = lex;

		etype = syms[i].etype;
		if(etype != Txxx && (etype != TANY || debug['A']) && s->def == N) {
			s->def = typenod(types[etype]);
			s->origpkg = builtinpkg;
		}

		etype = syms[i].op;
		if(etype != OXXX && s->def == N) {
			s->def = nod(ONAME, N, N);
			s->def->sym = s;
			s->def->etype = etype;
			s->def->builtin = 1;
			s->origpkg = builtinpkg;
		}
	}

	// backend-specific builtin types (e.g. int).
	for(i=0; typedefs[i].name; i++) {
		s = lookup(typedefs[i].name);
		if(s->def == N) {
			s->def = typenod(types[typedefs[i].etype]);
			s->origpkg = builtinpkg;
		}
	}

	// there's only so much table-driven we can handle.
	// these are special cases.
	s = lookup("byte");
	if(s->def == N) {
		s->def = typenod(bytetype);
		s->origpkg = builtinpkg;
	}

	s = lookup("error");
	if(s->def == N) {
		s->def = typenod(errortype);
		s->origpkg = builtinpkg;
	}

	s = lookup("rune");
	if(s->def == N) {
		s->def = typenod(runetype);
		s->origpkg = builtinpkg;
	}

	s = lookup("nil");
	if(s->def == N) {
		v.ctype = CTNIL;
		s->def = nodlit(v);
		s->def->sym = s;
		s->origpkg = builtinpkg;
	}

	s = lookup("iota");
	if(s->def == N) {
		s->def = nod(OIOTA, N, N);
		s->def->sym = s;
		s->origpkg = builtinpkg;
	}

	s = lookup("true");
	if(s->def == N) {
		s->def = nodbool(1);
		s->def->sym = s;
		s->origpkg = builtinpkg;
	}

	s = lookup("false");
	if(s->def == N) {
		s->def = nodbool(0);
		s->def->sym = s;
		s->origpkg = builtinpkg;
	}

	nodfp = nod(ONAME, N, N);
	nodfp->type = types[TINT32];
	nodfp->xoffset = 0;
	nodfp->class = PPARAM;
	nodfp->sym = lookup(".fp");
}

struct
{
	int	lex;
	char*	name;
} lexn[] =
{
	LANDAND,	"ANDAND",
	LASOP,		"ASOP",
	LBREAK,		"BREAK",
	LCASE,		"CASE",
	LCHAN,		"CHAN",
	LCOLAS,		"COLAS",
	LCONST,		"CONST",
	LCONTINUE,	"CONTINUE",
	LDEC,		"DEC",
	LDEFER,		"DEFER",
	LELSE,		"ELSE",
	LEQ,		"EQ",
	LFALL,		"FALL",
	LFOR,		"FOR",
	LFUNC,		"FUNC",
	LGE,		"GE",
	LGO,		"GO",
	LGOTO,		"GOTO",
	LGT,		"GT",
	LIF,		"IF",
	LIMPORT,	"IMPORT",
	LINC,		"INC",
	LINTERFACE,	"INTERFACE",
	LLE,		"LE",
	LLITERAL,	"LITERAL",
	LLSH,		"LSH",
	LLT,		"LT",
	LMAP,		"MAP",
	LNAME,		"NAME",
	LNE,		"NE",
	LOROR,		"OROR",
	LPACKAGE,	"PACKAGE",
	LRANGE,		"RANGE",
	LRETURN,	"RETURN",
	LRSH,		"RSH",
	LSTRUCT,	"STRUCT",
	LSWITCH,	"SWITCH",
	LTYPE,		"TYPE",
	LVAR,		"VAR",
};

char*
lexname(int lex)
{
	int i;
	static char buf[100];

	for(i=0; i<nelem(lexn); i++)
		if(lexn[i].lex == lex)
			return lexn[i].name;
	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "LEX-%d", lex);
	return buf;
}

struct
{
	char *have;
	char *want;
} yytfix[] =
{
	"$end",	"EOF",
	"LLITERAL",	"literal",
	"LASOP",	"op=",
	"LBREAK",	"break",
	"LCASE",	"case",
	"LCOLAS",	":=",
	"LCONST",	"const",
	"LCONTINUE",	"continue",
	"LDDD",	"...",
	"LDEFAULT",	"default",
	"LDEFER",	"defer",
	"LELSE",	"else",
	"LFALL",	"fallthrough",
	"LFOR",	"for",
	"LFUNC",	"func",
	"LGO",	"go",
	"LGOTO",	"goto",
	"LIF",	"if",
	"LIMPORT",	"import",
	"LINTERFACE",	"interface",
	"LMAP",	"map",
	"LNAME",	"name",
	"LPACKAGE",	"package",
	"LRANGE",	"range",
	"LRETURN",	"return",
	"LSELECT",	"select",
	"LSTRUCT",	"struct",
	"LSWITCH",	"switch",
	"LTYPE",	"type",
	"LVAR",	"var",
	"LANDAND",	"&&",
	"LANDNOT",	"&^",
	"LBODY",	"{",
	"LCOMM",	"<-",
	"LDEC",	"--",
	"LINC",	"++",
	"LEQ",	"==",
	"LGE",	">=",
	"LGT",	">",
	"LLE",	"<=",
	"LLT",	"<",
	"LLSH",	"<<",
	"LRSH",	">>",
	"LOROR",	"||",
	"LNE",	"!=",
	
	// spell out to avoid confusion with punctuation in error messages
	"';'",	"semicolon or newline",
	"','",	"comma",
};

static void
yytinit(void)
{
	int i, j;
	extern char *yytname[];
	char *s, *t;

	for(i=0; yytname[i] != nil; i++) {
		s = yytname[i];
		
		if(strcmp(s, "LLITERAL") == 0) {
			strcpy(litbuf, "literal");
			yytname[i] = litbuf;
			goto loop;
		}
		
		// apply yytfix if possible
		for(j=0; j<nelem(yytfix); j++) {
			if(strcmp(s, yytfix[j].have) == 0) {
				yytname[i] = yytfix[j].want;
				goto loop;
			}
		}

		// turn 'x' into x.
		if(s[0] == '\'') {
			t = strdup(s+1);
			t[strlen(t)-1] = '\0';
			yytname[i] = t;
		}
	loop:;
	}		
}

void
mkpackage(char* pkgname)
{
	Sym *s;
	int32 h;
	char *p, *q;

	if(localpkg->name == nil) {
		if(strcmp(pkgname, "_") == 0)
			yyerror("invalid package name _");
		localpkg->name = pkgname;
	} else {
		if(strcmp(pkgname, localpkg->name) != 0)
			yyerror("package %s; expected %s", pkgname, localpkg->name);
		for(h=0; h<NHASH; h++) {
			for(s = hash[h]; s != S; s = s->link) {
				if(s->def == N || s->pkg != localpkg)
					continue;
				if(s->def->op == OPACK) {
					// throw away top-level package name leftover
					// from previous file.
					// leave s->block set to cause redeclaration
					// errors if a conflicting top-level name is
					// introduced by a different file.
					if(!s->def->used && !nsyntaxerrors)
						yyerrorl(s->def->lineno, "imported and not used: \"%Z\"", s->def->pkg->path);
					s->def = N;
					continue;
				}
				if(s->def->sym != s) {
					// throw away top-level name left over
					// from previous import . "x"
					if(s->def->pack != N && !s->def->pack->used && !nsyntaxerrors) {
						yyerrorl(s->def->pack->lineno, "imported and not used: \"%Z\"", s->def->pack->pkg->path);
						s->def->pack->used = 1;
					}
					s->def = N;
					continue;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if(outfile == nil) {
		p = strrchr(infile, '/');
		if(windows) {
			q = strrchr(infile, '\\');
			if(q > p)
				p = q;
		}
		if(p == nil)
			p = infile;
		else
			p = p+1;
		snprint(namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), "%s", p);
		p = strrchr(namebuf, '.');
		if(p != nil)
			*p = 0;
		outfile = smprint("%s.%c", namebuf, thechar);
	}
}