github.com/10XDev/rclone@v1.52.3-0.20200626220027-16af9ab76b2a/backend/qingstor/qingstor.go

// Package qingstor provides an interface to QingStor object storage
// Home: https://www.qingcloud.com/

// +build !plan9

package qingstor

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
	"path"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configstruct"
	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fshttp"
	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/walk"
	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/bucket"
	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder"
	qsConfig "github.com/yunify/qingstor-sdk-go/v3/config"
	qsErr "github.com/yunify/qingstor-sdk-go/v3/request/errors"
	qs "github.com/yunify/qingstor-sdk-go/v3/service"
)

// Register with Fs
func init() {
	fs.Register(&fs.RegInfo{
		Name:        "qingstor",
		Description: "QingCloud Object Storage",
		NewFs:       NewFs,
		Options: []fs.Option{{
			Name:    "env_auth",
			Help:    "Get QingStor credentials from runtime. Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.",
			Default: false,
			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
				Value: "false",
				Help:  "Enter QingStor credentials in the next step",
			}, {
				Value: "true",
				Help:  "Get QingStor credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)",
			}},
		}, {
			Name: "access_key_id",
			Help: "QingStor Access Key ID\nLeave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.",
		}, {
			Name: "secret_access_key",
			Help: "QingStor Secret Access Key (password)\nLeave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.",
		}, {
			Name: "endpoint",
			Help: "Enter an endpoint URL to connection QingStor API.\nLeave blank will use the default value \"https://qingstor.com:443\"",
		}, {
			Name: "zone",
			Help: "Zone to connect to.\nDefault is \"pek3a\".",
			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
				Value: "pek3a",
				Help:  "The Beijing (China) Three Zone\nNeeds location constraint pek3a.",
			}, {
				Value: "sh1a",
				Help:  "The Shanghai (China) First Zone\nNeeds location constraint sh1a.",
			}, {
				Value: "gd2a",
				Help:  "The Guangdong (China) Second Zone\nNeeds location constraint gd2a.",
			}},
		}, {
			Name:     "connection_retries",
			Help:     "Number of connection retries.",
			Default:  3,
			Advanced: true,
		}, {
			Name: "upload_cutoff",
			Help: `Cutoff for switching to chunked upload

Any files larger than this will be uploaded in chunks of chunk_size.
The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 5GB.`,
			Default:  defaultUploadCutoff,
			Advanced: true,
		}, {
			Name: "chunk_size",
			Help: `Chunk size to use for uploading.

When uploading files larger than upload_cutoff they will be uploaded
as multipart uploads using this chunk size.

Note that "--qingstor-upload-concurrency" chunks of this size are buffered
in memory per transfer.

If you are transferring large files over high speed links and you have
enough memory, then increasing this will speed up the transfers.`,
			Default:  minChunkSize,
			Advanced: true,
		}, {
			Name: "upload_concurrency",
			Help: `Concurrency for multipart uploads.

This is the number of chunks of the same file that are uploaded
concurrently.

NB if you set this to > 1 then the checksums of multpart uploads
become corrupted (the uploads themselves are not corrupted though).

If you are uploading small numbers of large file over high speed link
and these uploads do not fully utilize your bandwidth, then increasing
this may help to speed up the transfers.`,
			Default:  1,
			Advanced: true,
		}, {
			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
			Advanced: true,
			Default: (encoder.EncodeInvalidUtf8 |
				encoder.EncodeCtl |
				encoder.EncodeSlash),
		}},
	})
}

// Constants
const (
	listLimitSize       = 1000                   // Number of items to read at once
	maxSizeForCopy      = 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 5 // The maximum size of object we can COPY
	minChunkSize        = fs.SizeSuffix(minMultiPartSize)
	defaultUploadCutoff = fs.SizeSuffix(200 * 1024 * 1024)
	maxUploadCutoff     = fs.SizeSuffix(5 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
)

// Globals
func timestampToTime(tp int64) time.Time {
	timeLayout := time.RFC3339Nano
	ts := time.Unix(tp, 0).Format(timeLayout)
	tm, _ := time.Parse(timeLayout, ts)
	return tm.UTC()
}

// Options defines the configuration for this backend
type Options struct {
	EnvAuth           bool                 `config:"env_auth"`
	AccessKeyID       string               `config:"access_key_id"`
	SecretAccessKey   string               `config:"secret_access_key"`
	Endpoint          string               `config:"endpoint"`
	Zone              string               `config:"zone"`
	ConnectionRetries int                  `config:"connection_retries"`
	UploadCutoff      fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"upload_cutoff"`
	ChunkSize         fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"chunk_size"`
	UploadConcurrency int                  `config:"upload_concurrency"`
	Enc               encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
}

// Fs represents a remote qingstor server
type Fs struct {
	name          string        // The name of the remote
	root          string        // The root is a subdir, is a special object
	opt           Options       // parsed options
	features      *fs.Features  // optional features
	svc           *qs.Service   // The connection to the qingstor server
	zone          string        // The zone we are working on
	rootBucket    string        // bucket part of root (if any)
	rootDirectory string        // directory part of root (if any)
	cache         *bucket.Cache // cache for bucket creation status
}

// Object describes a qingstor object
type Object struct {
	// Will definitely have everything but meta which may be nil
	//
	// List will read everything but meta & mimeType - to fill
	// that in you need to call readMetaData
	fs           *Fs       // what this object is part of
	remote       string    // object of remote
	etag         string    // md5sum of the object
	size         int64     // length of the object content
	mimeType     string    // ContentType of object - may be ""
	lastModified time.Time // Last modified
	encrypted    bool      // whether the object is encryption
	algo         string    // Custom encryption algorithms
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------

// parsePath parses a remote 'url'
func parsePath(path string) (root string) {
	root = strings.Trim(path, "/")
	return
}

// split returns bucket and bucketPath from the rootRelativePath
// relative to f.root
func (f *Fs) split(rootRelativePath string) (bucketName, bucketPath string) {
	bucketName, bucketPath = bucket.Split(path.Join(f.root, rootRelativePath))
	return f.opt.Enc.FromStandardName(bucketName), f.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(bucketPath)
}

// split returns bucket and bucketPath from the object
func (o *Object) split() (bucket, bucketPath string) {
	return o.fs.split(o.remote)
}

// Split a URL into three parts: protocol host and port
func qsParseEndpoint(endpoint string) (protocol, host, port string, err error) {
	/*
	  Pattern to match an endpoint,
	  eg: "http(s)://qingstor.com:443" --> "http(s)", "qingstor.com", 443
	      "http(s)//qingstor.com"      --> "http(s)", "qingstor.com", ""
	      "qingstor.com"               --> "", "qingstor.com", ""
	*/
	defer func() {
		if r := recover(); r != nil {
			switch x := r.(type) {
			case error:
				err = x
			default:
				err = nil
			}
		}
	}()
	var mather = regexp.MustCompile(`^(?:(http|https)://)*(\w+\.(?:[\w\.])*)(?::(\d{0,5}))*$`)
	parts := mather.FindStringSubmatch(endpoint)
	protocol, host, port = parts[1], parts[2], parts[3]
	return
}

// qsConnection makes a connection to qingstor
func qsServiceConnection(opt *Options) (*qs.Service, error) {
	accessKeyID := opt.AccessKeyID
	secretAccessKey := opt.SecretAccessKey

	switch {
	case opt.EnvAuth:
		// No need for empty checks if "env_auth" is true
	case accessKeyID == "" && secretAccessKey == "":
		// if no access key/secret and iam is explicitly disabled then fall back to anon interaction
	case accessKeyID == "":
		return nil, errors.New("access_key_id not found")
	case secretAccessKey == "":
		return nil, errors.New("secret_access_key not found")
	}

	protocol := "https"
	host := "qingstor.com"
	port := 443

	endpoint := opt.Endpoint
	if endpoint != "" {
		_protocol, _host, _port, err := qsParseEndpoint(endpoint)

		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("The endpoint \"%s\" format error", endpoint)
		}

		if _protocol != "" {
			protocol = _protocol
		}
		host = _host
		if _port != "" {
			port, _ = strconv.Atoi(_port)
		} else if protocol == "http" {
			port = 80
		}

	}

	cf, err := qsConfig.NewDefault()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	cf.AccessKeyID = accessKeyID
	cf.SecretAccessKey = secretAccessKey
	cf.Protocol = protocol
	cf.Host = host
	cf.Port = port
	// unsupported in v3.1: cf.ConnectionRetries = opt.ConnectionRetries
	cf.Connection = fshttp.NewClient(fs.Config)

	return qs.Init(cf)
}

func checkUploadChunkSize(cs fs.SizeSuffix) error {
	if cs < minChunkSize {
		return errors.Errorf("%s is less than %s", cs, minChunkSize)
	}
	return nil
}

func (f *Fs) setUploadChunkSize(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (old fs.SizeSuffix, err error) {
	err = checkUploadChunkSize(cs)
	if err == nil {
		old, f.opt.ChunkSize = f.opt.ChunkSize, cs
	}
	return
}

func checkUploadCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) error {
	if cs > maxUploadCutoff {
		return errors.Errorf("%s is greater than %s", cs, maxUploadCutoff)
	}
	return nil
}

func (f *Fs) setUploadCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (old fs.SizeSuffix, err error) {
	err = checkUploadCutoff(cs)
	if err == nil {
		old, f.opt.UploadCutoff = f.opt.UploadCutoff, cs
	}
	return
}

// setRoot changes the root of the Fs
func (f *Fs) setRoot(root string) {
	f.root = parsePath(root)
	f.rootBucket, f.rootDirectory = bucket.Split(f.root)
}

// NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, bucket:path
func NewFs(name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
	// Parse config into Options struct
	opt := new(Options)
	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	err = checkUploadChunkSize(opt.ChunkSize)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "qingstor: chunk size")
	}
	err = checkUploadCutoff(opt.UploadCutoff)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "qingstor: upload cutoff")
	}
	svc, err := qsServiceConnection(opt)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if opt.Zone == "" {
		opt.Zone = "pek3a"
	}

	f := &Fs{
		name:  name,
		opt:   *opt,
		svc:   svc,
		zone:  opt.Zone,
		cache: bucket.NewCache(),
	}
	f.setRoot(root)
	f.features = (&fs.Features{
		ReadMimeType:      true,
		WriteMimeType:     true,
		BucketBased:       true,
		BucketBasedRootOK: true,
	}).Fill(f)

	if f.rootBucket != "" && f.rootDirectory != "" {
		// Check to see if the object exists
		bucketInit, err := svc.Bucket(f.rootBucket, opt.Zone)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		encodedDirectory := f.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(f.rootDirectory)
		_, err = bucketInit.HeadObject(encodedDirectory, &qs.HeadObjectInput{})
		if err == nil {
			newRoot := path.Dir(f.root)
			if newRoot == "." {
				newRoot = ""
			}
			f.setRoot(newRoot)
			// return an error with an fs which points to the parent
			return f, fs.ErrorIsFile
		}
	}
	return f, nil
}

// Name of the remote (as passed into NewFs)
func (f *Fs) Name() string {
	return f.name
}

// Root of the remote (as passed into NewFs)
func (f *Fs) Root() string {
	return f.root
}

// String converts this Fs to a string
func (f *Fs) String() string {
	if f.rootBucket == "" {
		return "QingStor root"
	}
	if f.rootDirectory == "" {
		return fmt.Sprintf("QingStor bucket %s", f.rootBucket)
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("QingStor bucket %s path %s", f.rootBucket, f.rootDirectory)
}

// Precision of the remote
func (f *Fs) Precision() time.Duration {
	//return time.Nanosecond
	//Not supported temporary
	return fs.ModTimeNotSupported
}

// Hashes returns the supported hash sets.
func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set {
	return hash.Set(hash.MD5)
	//return hash.HashSet(hash.HashNone)
}

// Features returns the optional features of this Fs
func (f *Fs) Features() *fs.Features {
	return f.features
}

// Put created a new object
func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
	fsObj := &Object{
		fs:     f,
		remote: src.Remote(),
	}
	return fsObj, fsObj.Update(ctx, in, src, options...)
}

// Copy src to this remote using server side copy operations.
//
// This is stored with the remote path given
//
// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
//
// Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
//
// If it isn't possible then return fs.ErrorCantCopy
func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
	dstBucket, dstPath := f.split(remote)
	err := f.makeBucket(ctx, dstBucket)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	srcObj, ok := src.(*Object)
	if !ok {
		fs.Debugf(src, "Can't copy - not same remote type")
		return nil, fs.ErrorCantCopy
	}
	srcBucket, srcPath := srcObj.split()
	source := path.Join("/", srcBucket, srcPath)

	// fs.Debugf(f, "Copied, source key is: %s, and dst key is: %s", source, key)
	req := qs.PutObjectInput{
		XQSCopySource: &source,
	}
	bucketInit, err := f.svc.Bucket(dstBucket, f.zone)

	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	_, err = bucketInit.PutObject(dstPath, &req)
	if err != nil {
		// fs.Debugf(f, "Copy Failed, API Error: %v", err)
		return nil, err
	}
	return f.NewObject(ctx, remote)
}

// NewObject finds the Object at remote.  If it can't be found
// it returns the error fs.ErrorObjectNotFound.
func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
	return f.newObjectWithInfo(remote, nil)
}

// Return an Object from a path
//
//If it can't be found it returns the error ErrorObjectNotFound.
func (f *Fs) newObjectWithInfo(remote string, info *qs.KeyType) (fs.Object, error) {
	o := &Object{
		fs:     f,
		remote: remote,
	}
	if info != nil {
		// Set info
		if info.Size != nil {
			o.size = *info.Size
		}

		if info.Etag != nil {
			o.etag = qs.StringValue(info.Etag)
		}
		if info.Modified == nil {
			fs.Logf(o, "Failed to read last modified")
			o.lastModified = time.Now()
		} else {
			o.lastModified = timestampToTime(int64(*info.Modified))
		}

		if info.MimeType != nil {
			o.mimeType = qs.StringValue(info.MimeType)
		}

		if info.Encrypted != nil {
			o.encrypted = qs.BoolValue(info.Encrypted)
		}

	} else {
		err := o.readMetaData() // reads info and meta, returning an error
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return o, nil
}

// listFn is called from list to handle an object.
type listFn func(remote string, object *qs.KeyType, isDirectory bool) error

// list the objects into the function supplied
//
// dir is the starting directory, "" for root
//
// Set recurse to read sub directories
func (f *Fs) list(ctx context.Context, bucket, directory, prefix string, addBucket bool, recurse bool, fn listFn) error {
	if prefix != "" {
		prefix += "/"
	}
	if directory != "" {
		directory += "/"
	}
	delimiter := ""
	if !recurse {
		delimiter = "/"
	}
	maxLimit := int(listLimitSize)
	var marker *string
	for {
		bucketInit, err := f.svc.Bucket(bucket, f.zone)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		req := qs.ListObjectsInput{
			Delimiter: &delimiter,
			Prefix:    &directory,
			Limit:     &maxLimit,
			Marker:    marker,
		}
		resp, err := bucketInit.ListObjects(&req)
		if err != nil {
			if e, ok := err.(*qsErr.QingStorError); ok {
				if e.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
					err = fs.ErrorDirNotFound
				}
			}
			return err
		}
		if !recurse {
			for _, commonPrefix := range resp.CommonPrefixes {
				if commonPrefix == nil {
					fs.Logf(f, "Nil common prefix received")
					continue
				}
				remote := *commonPrefix
				remote = f.opt.Enc.ToStandardPath(remote)
				if !strings.HasPrefix(remote, prefix) {
					fs.Logf(f, "Odd name received %q", remote)
					continue
				}
				remote = remote[len(prefix):]
				if addBucket {
					remote = path.Join(bucket, remote)
				}
				if strings.HasSuffix(remote, "/") {
					remote = remote[:len(remote)-1]
				}
				err = fn(remote, &qs.KeyType{Key: &remote}, true)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
			}
		}

		for _, object := range resp.Keys {
			remote := qs.StringValue(object.Key)
			remote = f.opt.Enc.ToStandardPath(remote)
			if !strings.HasPrefix(remote, prefix) {
				fs.Logf(f, "Odd name received %q", remote)
				continue
			}
			remote = remote[len(prefix):]
			if addBucket {
				remote = path.Join(bucket, remote)
			}
			err = fn(remote, object, false)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		if resp.HasMore != nil && !*resp.HasMore {
			break
		}
		// Use NextMarker if set, otherwise use last Key
		if resp.NextMarker == nil || *resp.NextMarker == "" {
			fs.Errorf(f, "Expecting NextMarker but didn't find one")
			break
		} else {
			marker = resp.NextMarker
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// Convert a list item into a BasicInfo
func (f *Fs) itemToDirEntry(remote string, object *qs.KeyType, isDirectory bool) (fs.DirEntry, error) {
	if isDirectory {
		size := int64(0)
		if object.Size != nil {
			size = *object.Size
		}
		d := fs.NewDir(remote, time.Time{}).SetSize(size)
		return d, nil
	}
	o, err := f.newObjectWithInfo(remote, object)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return o, nil
}

// listDir lists files and directories to out
func (f *Fs) listDir(ctx context.Context, bucket, directory, prefix string, addBucket bool) (entries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
	// List the objects and directories
	err = f.list(ctx, bucket, directory, prefix, addBucket, false, func(remote string, object *qs.KeyType, isDirectory bool) error {
		entry, err := f.itemToDirEntry(remote, object, isDirectory)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if entry != nil {
			entries = append(entries, entry)
		}
		return nil
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// bucket must be present if listing succeeded
	f.cache.MarkOK(bucket)
	return entries, nil
}

// listBuckets lists the buckets to out
func (f *Fs) listBuckets(ctx context.Context) (entries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
	req := qs.ListBucketsInput{
		Location: &f.zone,
	}
	resp, err := f.svc.ListBuckets(&req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	for _, bucket := range resp.Buckets {
		d := fs.NewDir(f.opt.Enc.ToStandardName(qs.StringValue(bucket.Name)), qs.TimeValue(bucket.Created))
		entries = append(entries, d)
	}
	return entries, nil
}

// List the objects and directories in dir into entries.  The
// entries can be returned in any order but should be for a
// complete directory.
//
// dir should be "" to list the root, and should not have
// trailing slashes.
//
// This should return ErrDirNotFound if the directory isn't
// found.
func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
	bucket, directory := f.split(dir)
	if bucket == "" {
		if directory != "" {
			return nil, fs.ErrorListBucketRequired
		}
		return f.listBuckets(ctx)
	}
	return f.listDir(ctx, bucket, directory, f.rootDirectory, f.rootBucket == "")
}

// ListR lists the objects and directories of the Fs starting
// from dir recursively into out.
//
// dir should be "" to start from the root, and should not
// have trailing slashes.
//
// This should return ErrDirNotFound if the directory isn't
// found.
//
// It should call callback for each tranche of entries read.
// These need not be returned in any particular order.  If
// callback returns an error then the listing will stop
// immediately.
//
// Don't implement this unless you have a more efficient way
// of listing recursively that doing a directory traversal.
func (f *Fs) ListR(ctx context.Context, dir string, callback fs.ListRCallback) (err error) {
	bucket, directory := f.split(dir)
	list := walk.NewListRHelper(callback)
	listR := func(bucket, directory, prefix string, addBucket bool) error {
		return f.list(ctx, bucket, directory, prefix, addBucket, true, func(remote string, object *qs.KeyType, isDirectory bool) error {
			entry, err := f.itemToDirEntry(remote, object, isDirectory)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			return list.Add(entry)
		})
	}
	if bucket == "" {
		entries, err := f.listBuckets(ctx)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		for _, entry := range entries {
			err = list.Add(entry)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			bucket := entry.Remote()
			err = listR(bucket, "", f.rootDirectory, true)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			// bucket must be present if listing succeeded
			f.cache.MarkOK(bucket)
		}
	} else {
		err = listR(bucket, directory, f.rootDirectory, f.rootBucket == "")
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// bucket must be present if listing succeeded
		f.cache.MarkOK(bucket)
	}
	return list.Flush()
}

// Mkdir creates the bucket if it doesn't exist
func (f *Fs) Mkdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
	bucket, _ := f.split(dir)
	return f.makeBucket(ctx, bucket)
}

// makeBucket creates the bucket if it doesn't exist
func (f *Fs) makeBucket(ctx context.Context, bucket string) error {
	return f.cache.Create(bucket, func() error {
		bucketInit, err := f.svc.Bucket(bucket, f.zone)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		/* When delete a bucket, qingstor need about 60 second to sync status;
		So, need wait for it sync end if we try to operation a just deleted bucket
		*/
		wasDeleted := false
		retries := 0
		for retries <= 120 {
			statistics, err := bucketInit.GetStatistics()
			if statistics == nil || err != nil {
				break
			}
			switch *statistics.Status {
			case "deleted":
				fs.Debugf(f, "Wait for qingstor bucket to be deleted, retries: %d", retries)
				time.Sleep(time.Second * 1)
				retries++
				wasDeleted = true
				continue
			default:
				break
			}
			break
		}

		retries = 0
		for retries <= 120 {
			_, err = bucketInit.Put()
			if e, ok := err.(*qsErr.QingStorError); ok {
				if e.StatusCode == http.StatusConflict {
					if wasDeleted {
						fs.Debugf(f, "Wait for qingstor bucket to be creatable, retries: %d", retries)
						time.Sleep(time.Second * 1)
						retries++
						continue
					}
					err = nil
				}
			}
			break
		}
		return err
	}, nil)
}

// bucketIsEmpty check if the bucket empty
func (f *Fs) bucketIsEmpty(bucket string) (bool, error) {
	bucketInit, err := f.svc.Bucket(bucket, f.zone)
	if err != nil {
		return true, err
	}

	statistics, err := bucketInit.GetStatistics()
	if err != nil {
		return true, err
	}

	if *statistics.Count == 0 {
		return true, nil
	}
	return false, nil
}

// Rmdir delete a bucket
func (f *Fs) Rmdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
	bucket, directory := f.split(dir)
	if bucket == "" || directory != "" {
		return nil
	}
	isEmpty, err := f.bucketIsEmpty(bucket)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if !isEmpty {
		// fs.Debugf(f, "The bucket %s you tried to delete not empty.", bucket)
		return errors.New("BucketNotEmpty: The bucket you tried to delete is not empty")
	}
	return f.cache.Remove(bucket, func() error {
		// fs.Debugf(f, "Deleting the bucket %s", bucket)
		bucketInit, err := f.svc.Bucket(bucket, f.zone)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		retries := 0
		for retries <= 10 {
			_, delErr := bucketInit.Delete()
			if delErr != nil {
				if e, ok := delErr.(*qsErr.QingStorError); ok {
					switch e.Code {
					// The status of "lease" takes a few seconds to "ready" when creating a new bucket
					// wait for lease status ready
					case "lease_not_ready":
						fs.Debugf(f, "QingStor bucket lease not ready, retries: %d", retries)
						retries++
						time.Sleep(time.Second * 1)
						continue
					default:
						err = e
						break
					}
				}
			} else {
				err = delErr
			}
			break
		}
		return err
	})
}

// cleanUpBucket removes all pending multipart uploads for a given bucket
func (f *Fs) cleanUpBucket(ctx context.Context, bucket string) (err error) {
	fs.Infof(f, "cleaning bucket %q of pending multipart uploads older than 24 hours", bucket)
	bucketInit, err := f.svc.Bucket(bucket, f.zone)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	maxLimit := int(listLimitSize)
	var marker *string
	for {
		req := qs.ListMultipartUploadsInput{
			Limit:     &maxLimit,
			KeyMarker: marker,
		}
		var resp *qs.ListMultipartUploadsOutput
		resp, err = bucketInit.ListMultipartUploads(&req)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Wrap(err, "clean up bucket list multipart uploads")
		}
		for _, upload := range resp.Uploads {
			if upload.Created != nil && upload.Key != nil && upload.UploadID != nil {
				age := time.Since(*upload.Created)
				if age > 24*time.Hour {
					fs.Infof(f, "removing pending multipart upload for %q dated %v (%v ago)", *upload.Key, upload.Created, age)
					req := qs.AbortMultipartUploadInput{
						UploadID: upload.UploadID,
					}
					_, abortErr := bucketInit.AbortMultipartUpload(*upload.Key, &req)
					if abortErr != nil {
						err = errors.Wrapf(abortErr, "failed to remove multipart upload for %q", *upload.Key)
						fs.Errorf(f, "%v", err)
					}
				} else {
					fs.Debugf(f, "ignoring pending multipart upload for %q dated %v (%v ago)", *upload.Key, upload.Created, age)
				}
			}
		}
		if resp.HasMore != nil && !*resp.HasMore {
			break
		}
		// Use NextMarker if set, otherwise use last Key
		if resp.NextKeyMarker == nil || *resp.NextKeyMarker == "" {
			fs.Errorf(f, "Expecting NextKeyMarker but didn't find one")
			break
		} else {
			marker = resp.NextKeyMarker
		}
	}
	return err
}

// CleanUp removes all pending multipart uploads
func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
	if f.rootBucket != "" {
		return f.cleanUpBucket(ctx, f.rootBucket)
	}
	entries, err := f.listBuckets(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, entry := range entries {
		cleanErr := f.cleanUpBucket(ctx, f.opt.Enc.FromStandardName(entry.Remote()))
		if err != nil {
			fs.Errorf(f, "Failed to cleanup bucket: %q", cleanErr)
			err = cleanErr
		}
	}
	return err
}

// readMetaData gets the metadata if it hasn't already been fetched
//
// it also sets the info
func (o *Object) readMetaData() (err error) {
	bucket, bucketPath := o.split()
	bucketInit, err := o.fs.svc.Bucket(bucket, o.fs.zone)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// fs.Debugf(o, "Read metadata of key: %s", key)
	resp, err := bucketInit.HeadObject(bucketPath, &qs.HeadObjectInput{})
	if err != nil {
		// fs.Debugf(o, "Read metadata failed, API Error: %v", err)
		if e, ok := err.(*qsErr.QingStorError); ok {
			if e.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
				return fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
			}
		}
		return err
	}
	// Ignore missing Content-Length assuming it is 0
	if resp.ContentLength != nil {
		o.size = *resp.ContentLength
	}

	if resp.ETag != nil {
		o.etag = qs.StringValue(resp.ETag)
	}

	if resp.LastModified == nil {
		fs.Logf(o, "Failed to read last modified from HEAD: %v", err)
		o.lastModified = time.Now()
	} else {
		o.lastModified = *resp.LastModified
	}

	if resp.ContentType != nil {
		o.mimeType = qs.StringValue(resp.ContentType)
	}

	if resp.XQSEncryptionCustomerAlgorithm != nil {
		o.algo = qs.StringValue(resp.XQSEncryptionCustomerAlgorithm)
		o.encrypted = true
	}

	return nil
}

// ModTime returns the modification date of the file
// It should return a best guess if one isn't available
func (o *Object) ModTime(ctx context.Context) time.Time {
	err := o.readMetaData()
	if err != nil {
		fs.Logf(o, "Failed to read metadata, %v", err)
		return time.Now()
	}
	modTime := o.lastModified
	return modTime
}

// SetModTime sets the modification time of the local fs object
func (o *Object) SetModTime(ctx context.Context, modTime time.Time) error {
	err := o.readMetaData()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	o.lastModified = modTime
	mimeType := fs.MimeType(ctx, o)

	if o.size >= maxSizeForCopy {
		fs.Debugf(o, "SetModTime is unsupported for objects bigger than %v bytes", fs.SizeSuffix(maxSizeForCopy))
		return nil
	}
	// Copy the object to itself to update the metadata
	bucket, bucketPath := o.split()
	sourceKey := path.Join("/", bucket, bucketPath)

	bucketInit, err := o.fs.svc.Bucket(bucket, o.fs.zone)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	req := qs.PutObjectInput{
		XQSCopySource: &sourceKey,
		ContentType:   &mimeType,
	}
	_, err = bucketInit.PutObject(bucketPath, &req)

	return err
}

// Open opens the file for read.  Call Close() on the returned io.ReadCloser
func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
	bucket, bucketPath := o.split()
	bucketInit, err := o.fs.svc.Bucket(bucket, o.fs.zone)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	req := qs.GetObjectInput{}
	fs.FixRangeOption(options, o.size)
	for _, option := range options {
		switch option.(type) {
		case *fs.RangeOption, *fs.SeekOption:
			_, value := option.Header()
			req.Range = &value
		default:
			if option.Mandatory() {
				fs.Logf(o, "Unsupported mandatory option: %v", option)
			}
		}
	}
	resp, err := bucketInit.GetObject(bucketPath, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return resp.Body, nil
}

// Update in to the object
func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) error {
	// The maximum size of upload object is multipartUploadSize * MaxMultipleParts
	bucket, bucketPath := o.split()
	err := o.fs.makeBucket(ctx, bucket)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Guess the content type
	mimeType := fs.MimeType(ctx, src)

	req := uploadInput{
		body:        in,
		qsSvc:       o.fs.svc,
		bucket:      bucket,
		zone:        o.fs.zone,
		key:         bucketPath,
		mimeType:    mimeType,
		partSize:    int64(o.fs.opt.ChunkSize),
		concurrency: o.fs.opt.UploadConcurrency,
	}
	uploader := newUploader(&req)

	size := src.Size()
	multipart := size < 0 || size >= int64(o.fs.opt.UploadCutoff)
	if multipart {
		err = uploader.upload()
	} else {
		err = uploader.singlePartUpload(in, size)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Read Metadata of object
	err = o.readMetaData()
	return err
}

// Remove this object
func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) error {
	bucket, bucketPath := o.split()
	bucketInit, err := o.fs.svc.Bucket(bucket, o.fs.zone)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	_, err = bucketInit.DeleteObject(bucketPath)
	return err
}

// Fs returns read only access to the Fs that this object is part of
func (o *Object) Fs() fs.Info {
	return o.fs
}

var matchMd5 = regexp.MustCompile(`^[0-9a-f]{32}$`)

// Hash returns the selected checksum of the file
// If no checksum is available it returns ""
func (o *Object) Hash(ctx context.Context, t hash.Type) (string, error) {
	if t != hash.MD5 {
		return "", hash.ErrUnsupported
	}
	etag := strings.Trim(strings.ToLower(o.etag), `"`)
	// Check the etag is a valid md5sum
	if !matchMd5.MatchString(etag) {
		fs.Debugf(o, "Invalid md5sum (probably multipart uploaded) - ignoring: %q", etag)
		return "", nil
	}
	return etag, nil
}

// Storable says whether this object can be stored
func (o *Object) Storable() bool {
	return true
}

// String returns a description of the Object
func (o *Object) String() string {
	if o == nil {
		return "<nil>"
	}
	return o.remote
}

// Remote returns the remote path
func (o *Object) Remote() string {
	return o.remote
}

// Size returns the size of the file
func (o *Object) Size() int64 {
	return o.size
}

// MimeType of an Object if known, "" otherwise
func (o *Object) MimeType(ctx context.Context) string {
	err := o.readMetaData()
	if err != nil {
		fs.Logf(o, "Failed to read metadata: %v", err)
		return ""
	}
	return o.mimeType
}

// Check the interfaces are satisfied
var (
	_ fs.Fs         = &Fs{}
	_ fs.CleanUpper = &Fs{}
	_ fs.Copier     = &Fs{}
	_ fs.Object     = &Object{}
	_ fs.ListRer    = &Fs{}
	_ fs.MimeTyper  = &Object{}
)