github.com/HACKERALERT/Picocrypt/src/external/sys@v0.0.0-20210609020157-e519952f829f/windows/syscall_windows.go (about)

     1  // Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  // Windows system calls.
     6  
     7  package windows
     8  
     9  import (
    10  	errorspkg "errors"
    11  	"fmt"
    12  	"runtime"
    13  	"sync"
    14  	"syscall"
    15  	"time"
    16  	"unicode/utf16"
    17  	"unsafe"
    18  
    19  	"github.com/HACKERALERT/Picocrypt/src/external/sys/internal/unsafeheader"
    20  )
    21  
    22  type Handle uintptr
    23  type HWND uintptr
    24  
    25  const (
    26  	InvalidHandle = ^Handle(0)
    27  	InvalidHWND   = ^HWND(0)
    28  
    29  	// Flags for DefineDosDevice.
    30  	DDD_EXACT_MATCH_ON_REMOVE = 0x00000004
    31  	DDD_NO_BROADCAST_SYSTEM   = 0x00000008
    32  	DDD_RAW_TARGET_PATH       = 0x00000001
    33  	DDD_REMOVE_DEFINITION     = 0x00000002
    34  
    35  	// Return values for GetDriveType.
    36  	DRIVE_UNKNOWN     = 0
    37  	DRIVE_NO_ROOT_DIR = 1
    38  	DRIVE_REMOVABLE   = 2
    39  	DRIVE_FIXED       = 3
    40  	DRIVE_REMOTE      = 4
    41  	DRIVE_CDROM       = 5
    42  	DRIVE_RAMDISK     = 6
    43  
    44  	// File system flags from GetVolumeInformation and GetVolumeInformationByHandle.
    45  	FILE_CASE_SENSITIVE_SEARCH        = 0x00000001
    46  	FILE_CASE_PRESERVED_NAMES         = 0x00000002
    47  	FILE_FILE_COMPRESSION             = 0x00000010
    48  	FILE_DAX_VOLUME                   = 0x20000000
    49  	FILE_NAMED_STREAMS                = 0x00040000
    50  	FILE_PERSISTENT_ACLS              = 0x00000008
    51  	FILE_READ_ONLY_VOLUME             = 0x00080000
    52  	FILE_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_ONCE        = 0x00100000
    53  	FILE_SUPPORTS_ENCRYPTION          = 0x00020000
    54  	FILE_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTES = 0x00800000
    55  	FILE_SUPPORTS_HARD_LINKS          = 0x00400000
    56  	FILE_SUPPORTS_OBJECT_IDS          = 0x00010000
    57  	FILE_SUPPORTS_OPEN_BY_FILE_ID     = 0x01000000
    58  	FILE_SUPPORTS_REPARSE_POINTS      = 0x00000080
    59  	FILE_SUPPORTS_SPARSE_FILES        = 0x00000040
    60  	FILE_SUPPORTS_TRANSACTIONS        = 0x00200000
    61  	FILE_SUPPORTS_USN_JOURNAL         = 0x02000000
    62  	FILE_UNICODE_ON_DISK              = 0x00000004
    63  	FILE_VOLUME_IS_COMPRESSED         = 0x00008000
    64  	FILE_VOLUME_QUOTAS                = 0x00000020
    65  
    66  	// Flags for LockFileEx.
    67  	LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY = 0x00000001
    68  	LOCKFILE_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK   = 0x00000002
    69  
    70  	// Return value of SleepEx and other APC functions
    71  	WAIT_IO_COMPLETION = 0x000000C0
    72  )
    73  
    74  // StringToUTF16 is deprecated. Use UTF16FromString instead.
    75  // If s contains a NUL byte this function panics instead of
    76  // returning an error.
    77  func StringToUTF16(s string) []uint16 {
    78  	a, err := UTF16FromString(s)
    79  	if err != nil {
    80  		panic("windows: string with NUL passed to StringToUTF16")
    81  	}
    82  	return a
    83  }
    84  
    85  // UTF16FromString returns the UTF-16 encoding of the UTF-8 string
    86  // s, with a terminating NUL added. If s contains a NUL byte at any
    87  // location, it returns (nil, syscall.EINVAL).
    88  func UTF16FromString(s string) ([]uint16, error) {
    89  	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
    90  		if s[i] == 0 {
    91  			return nil, syscall.EINVAL
    92  		}
    93  	}
    94  	return utf16.Encode([]rune(s + "\x00")), nil
    95  }
    96  
    97  // UTF16ToString returns the UTF-8 encoding of the UTF-16 sequence s,
    98  // with a terminating NUL and any bytes after the NUL removed.
    99  func UTF16ToString(s []uint16) string {
   100  	for i, v := range s {
   101  		if v == 0 {
   102  			s = s[:i]
   103  			break
   104  		}
   105  	}
   106  	return string(utf16.Decode(s))
   107  }
   108  
   109  // StringToUTF16Ptr is deprecated. Use UTF16PtrFromString instead.
   110  // If s contains a NUL byte this function panics instead of
   111  // returning an error.
   112  func StringToUTF16Ptr(s string) *uint16 { return &StringToUTF16(s)[0] }
   113  
   114  // UTF16PtrFromString returns pointer to the UTF-16 encoding of
   115  // the UTF-8 string s, with a terminating NUL added. If s
   116  // contains a NUL byte at any location, it returns (nil, syscall.EINVAL).
   117  func UTF16PtrFromString(s string) (*uint16, error) {
   118  	a, err := UTF16FromString(s)
   119  	if err != nil {
   120  		return nil, err
   121  	}
   122  	return &a[0], nil
   123  }
   124  
   125  // UTF16PtrToString takes a pointer to a UTF-16 sequence and returns the corresponding UTF-8 encoded string.
   126  // If the pointer is nil, it returns the empty string. It assumes that the UTF-16 sequence is terminated
   127  // at a zero word; if the zero word is not present, the program may crash.
   128  func UTF16PtrToString(p *uint16) string {
   129  	if p == nil {
   130  		return ""
   131  	}
   132  	if *p == 0 {
   133  		return ""
   134  	}
   135  
   136  	// Find NUL terminator.
   137  	n := 0
   138  	for ptr := unsafe.Pointer(p); *(*uint16)(ptr) != 0; n++ {
   139  		ptr = unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(ptr) + unsafe.Sizeof(*p))
   140  	}
   141  
   142  	var s []uint16
   143  	h := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&s))
   144  	h.Data = unsafe.Pointer(p)
   145  	h.Len = n
   146  	h.Cap = n
   147  
   148  	return string(utf16.Decode(s))
   149  }
   150  
   151  func Getpagesize() int { return 4096 }
   152  
   153  // NewCallback converts a Go function to a function pointer conforming to the stdcall calling convention.
   154  // This is useful when interoperating with Windows code requiring callbacks.
   155  // The argument is expected to be a function with with one uintptr-sized result. The function must not have arguments with size larger than the size of uintptr.
   156  func NewCallback(fn interface{}) uintptr {
   157  	return syscall.NewCallback(fn)
   158  }
   159  
   160  // NewCallbackCDecl converts a Go function to a function pointer conforming to the cdecl calling convention.
   161  // This is useful when interoperating with Windows code requiring callbacks.
   162  // The argument is expected to be a function with with one uintptr-sized result. The function must not have arguments with size larger than the size of uintptr.
   163  func NewCallbackCDecl(fn interface{}) uintptr {
   164  	return syscall.NewCallbackCDecl(fn)
   165  }
   166  
   167  // windows api calls
   168  
   169  //sys	GetLastError() (lasterr error)
   170  //sys	LoadLibrary(libname string) (handle Handle, err error) = LoadLibraryW
   171  //sys	LoadLibraryEx(libname string, zero Handle, flags uintptr) (handle Handle, err error) = LoadLibraryExW
   172  //sys	FreeLibrary(handle Handle) (err error)
   173  //sys	GetProcAddress(module Handle, procname string) (proc uintptr, err error)
   174  //sys	GetModuleFileName(module Handle, filename *uint16, size uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetModuleFileNameW
   175  //sys	GetModuleHandleEx(flags uint32, moduleName *uint16, module *Handle) (err error) = kernel32.GetModuleHandleExW
   176  //sys	SetDefaultDllDirectories(directoryFlags uint32) (err error)
   177  //sys	SetDllDirectory(path string) (err error) = kernel32.SetDllDirectoryW
   178  //sys	GetVersion() (ver uint32, err error)
   179  //sys	FormatMessage(flags uint32, msgsrc uintptr, msgid uint32, langid uint32, buf []uint16, args *byte) (n uint32, err error) = FormatMessageW
   180  //sys	ExitProcess(exitcode uint32)
   181  //sys	IsWow64Process(handle Handle, isWow64 *bool) (err error) = IsWow64Process
   182  //sys	IsWow64Process2(handle Handle, processMachine *uint16, nativeMachine *uint16) (err error) = IsWow64Process2?
   183  //sys	CreateFile(name *uint16, access uint32, mode uint32, sa *SecurityAttributes, createmode uint32, attrs uint32, templatefile Handle) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = CreateFileW
   184  //sys	CreateNamedPipe(name *uint16, flags uint32, pipeMode uint32, maxInstances uint32, outSize uint32, inSize uint32, defaultTimeout uint32, sa *SecurityAttributes) (handle Handle, err error)  [failretval==InvalidHandle] = CreateNamedPipeW
   185  //sys	ConnectNamedPipe(pipe Handle, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   186  //sys	GetNamedPipeInfo(pipe Handle, flags *uint32, outSize *uint32, inSize *uint32, maxInstances *uint32) (err error)
   187  //sys	GetNamedPipeHandleState(pipe Handle, state *uint32, curInstances *uint32, maxCollectionCount *uint32, collectDataTimeout *uint32, userName *uint16, maxUserNameSize uint32) (err error) = GetNamedPipeHandleStateW
   188  //sys	SetNamedPipeHandleState(pipe Handle, state *uint32, maxCollectionCount *uint32, collectDataTimeout *uint32) (err error) = SetNamedPipeHandleState
   189  //sys	ReadFile(handle Handle, buf []byte, done *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   190  //sys	WriteFile(handle Handle, buf []byte, done *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   191  //sys	GetOverlappedResult(handle Handle, overlapped *Overlapped, done *uint32, wait bool) (err error)
   192  //sys	SetFilePointer(handle Handle, lowoffset int32, highoffsetptr *int32, whence uint32) (newlowoffset uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
   193  //sys	CloseHandle(handle Handle) (err error)
   194  //sys	GetStdHandle(stdhandle uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle]
   195  //sys	SetStdHandle(stdhandle uint32, handle Handle) (err error)
   196  //sys	findFirstFile1(name *uint16, data *win32finddata1) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstFileW
   197  //sys	findNextFile1(handle Handle, data *win32finddata1) (err error) = FindNextFileW
   198  //sys	FindClose(handle Handle) (err error)
   199  //sys	GetFileInformationByHandle(handle Handle, data *ByHandleFileInformation) (err error)
   200  //sys	GetFileInformationByHandleEx(handle Handle, class uint32, outBuffer *byte, outBufferLen uint32) (err error)
   201  //sys	SetFileInformationByHandle(handle Handle, class uint32, inBuffer *byte, inBufferLen uint32) (err error)
   202  //sys	GetCurrentDirectory(buflen uint32, buf *uint16) (n uint32, err error) = GetCurrentDirectoryW
   203  //sys	SetCurrentDirectory(path *uint16) (err error) = SetCurrentDirectoryW
   204  //sys	CreateDirectory(path *uint16, sa *SecurityAttributes) (err error) = CreateDirectoryW
   205  //sys	RemoveDirectory(path *uint16) (err error) = RemoveDirectoryW
   206  //sys	DeleteFile(path *uint16) (err error) = DeleteFileW
   207  //sys	MoveFile(from *uint16, to *uint16) (err error) = MoveFileW
   208  //sys	MoveFileEx(from *uint16, to *uint16, flags uint32) (err error) = MoveFileExW
   209  //sys	LockFileEx(file Handle, flags uint32, reserved uint32, bytesLow uint32, bytesHigh uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   210  //sys	UnlockFileEx(file Handle, reserved uint32, bytesLow uint32, bytesHigh uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   211  //sys	GetComputerName(buf *uint16, n *uint32) (err error) = GetComputerNameW
   212  //sys	GetComputerNameEx(nametype uint32, buf *uint16, n *uint32) (err error) = GetComputerNameExW
   213  //sys	SetEndOfFile(handle Handle) (err error)
   214  //sys	GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(time *Filetime)
   215  //sys	GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime(time *Filetime)
   216  //sys	GetTimeZoneInformation(tzi *Timezoneinformation) (rc uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
   217  //sys	CreateIoCompletionPort(filehandle Handle, cphandle Handle, key uintptr, threadcnt uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
   218  //sys	GetQueuedCompletionStatus(cphandle Handle, qty *uint32, key *uintptr, overlapped **Overlapped, timeout uint32) (err error)
   219  //sys	PostQueuedCompletionStatus(cphandle Handle, qty uint32, key uintptr, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   220  //sys	CancelIo(s Handle) (err error)
   221  //sys	CancelIoEx(s Handle, o *Overlapped) (err error)
   222  //sys	CreateProcess(appName *uint16, commandLine *uint16, procSecurity *SecurityAttributes, threadSecurity *SecurityAttributes, inheritHandles bool, creationFlags uint32, env *uint16, currentDir *uint16, startupInfo *StartupInfo, outProcInfo *ProcessInformation) (err error) = CreateProcessW
   223  //sys	CreateProcessAsUser(token Token, appName *uint16, commandLine *uint16, procSecurity *SecurityAttributes, threadSecurity *SecurityAttributes, inheritHandles bool, creationFlags uint32, env *uint16, currentDir *uint16, startupInfo *StartupInfo, outProcInfo *ProcessInformation) (err error) = advapi32.CreateProcessAsUserW
   224  //sys   initializeProcThreadAttributeList(attrlist *ProcThreadAttributeList, attrcount uint32, flags uint32, size *uintptr) (err error) = InitializeProcThreadAttributeList
   225  //sys   deleteProcThreadAttributeList(attrlist *ProcThreadAttributeList) = DeleteProcThreadAttributeList
   226  //sys   updateProcThreadAttribute(attrlist *ProcThreadAttributeList, flags uint32, attr uintptr, value unsafe.Pointer, size uintptr, prevvalue unsafe.Pointer, returnedsize *uintptr) (err error) = UpdateProcThreadAttribute
   227  //sys	OpenProcess(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, processId uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
   228  //sys	ShellExecute(hwnd Handle, verb *uint16, file *uint16, args *uint16, cwd *uint16, showCmd int32) (err error) [failretval<=32] = shell32.ShellExecuteW
   229  //sys	GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd HWND, pid *uint32) (tid uint32, err error) = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId
   230  //sys	GetShellWindow() (shellWindow HWND) = user32.GetShellWindow
   231  //sys	MessageBox(hwnd HWND, text *uint16, caption *uint16, boxtype uint32) (ret int32, err error) [failretval==0] = user32.MessageBoxW
   232  //sys	ExitWindowsEx(flags uint32, reason uint32) (err error) = user32.ExitWindowsEx
   233  //sys	shGetKnownFolderPath(id *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32, token Token, path **uint16) (ret error) = shell32.SHGetKnownFolderPath
   234  //sys	TerminateProcess(handle Handle, exitcode uint32) (err error)
   235  //sys	GetExitCodeProcess(handle Handle, exitcode *uint32) (err error)
   236  //sys	GetStartupInfo(startupInfo *StartupInfo) (err error) = GetStartupInfoW
   237  //sys	GetProcessTimes(handle Handle, creationTime *Filetime, exitTime *Filetime, kernelTime *Filetime, userTime *Filetime) (err error)
   238  //sys	DuplicateHandle(hSourceProcessHandle Handle, hSourceHandle Handle, hTargetProcessHandle Handle, lpTargetHandle *Handle, dwDesiredAccess uint32, bInheritHandle bool, dwOptions uint32) (err error)
   239  //sys	WaitForSingleObject(handle Handle, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
   240  //sys	waitForMultipleObjects(count uint32, handles uintptr, waitAll bool, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff] = WaitForMultipleObjects
   241  //sys	GetTempPath(buflen uint32, buf *uint16) (n uint32, err error) = GetTempPathW
   242  //sys	CreatePipe(readhandle *Handle, writehandle *Handle, sa *SecurityAttributes, size uint32) (err error)
   243  //sys	GetFileType(filehandle Handle) (n uint32, err error)
   244  //sys	CryptAcquireContext(provhandle *Handle, container *uint16, provider *uint16, provtype uint32, flags uint32) (err error) = advapi32.CryptAcquireContextW
   245  //sys	CryptReleaseContext(provhandle Handle, flags uint32) (err error) = advapi32.CryptReleaseContext
   246  //sys	CryptGenRandom(provhandle Handle, buflen uint32, buf *byte) (err error) = advapi32.CryptGenRandom
   247  //sys	GetEnvironmentStrings() (envs *uint16, err error) [failretval==nil] = kernel32.GetEnvironmentStringsW
   248  //sys	FreeEnvironmentStrings(envs *uint16) (err error) = kernel32.FreeEnvironmentStringsW
   249  //sys	GetEnvironmentVariable(name *uint16, buffer *uint16, size uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetEnvironmentVariableW
   250  //sys	SetEnvironmentVariable(name *uint16, value *uint16) (err error) = kernel32.SetEnvironmentVariableW
   251  //sys	CreateEnvironmentBlock(block **uint16, token Token, inheritExisting bool) (err error) = userenv.CreateEnvironmentBlock
   252  //sys	DestroyEnvironmentBlock(block *uint16) (err error) = userenv.DestroyEnvironmentBlock
   253  //sys	getTickCount64() (ms uint64) = kernel32.GetTickCount64
   254  //sys	SetFileTime(handle Handle, ctime *Filetime, atime *Filetime, wtime *Filetime) (err error)
   255  //sys	GetFileAttributes(name *uint16) (attrs uint32, err error) [failretval==INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES] = kernel32.GetFileAttributesW
   256  //sys	SetFileAttributes(name *uint16, attrs uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetFileAttributesW
   257  //sys	GetFileAttributesEx(name *uint16, level uint32, info *byte) (err error) = kernel32.GetFileAttributesExW
   258  //sys	GetCommandLine() (cmd *uint16) = kernel32.GetCommandLineW
   259  //sys	CommandLineToArgv(cmd *uint16, argc *int32) (argv *[8192]*[8192]uint16, err error) [failretval==nil] = shell32.CommandLineToArgvW
   260  //sys	LocalFree(hmem Handle) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval!=0]
   261  //sys	LocalAlloc(flags uint32, length uint32) (ptr uintptr, err error)
   262  //sys	SetHandleInformation(handle Handle, mask uint32, flags uint32) (err error)
   263  //sys	FlushFileBuffers(handle Handle) (err error)
   264  //sys	GetFullPathName(path *uint16, buflen uint32, buf *uint16, fname **uint16) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetFullPathNameW
   265  //sys	GetLongPathName(path *uint16, buf *uint16, buflen uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetLongPathNameW
   266  //sys	GetShortPathName(longpath *uint16, shortpath *uint16, buflen uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetShortPathNameW
   267  //sys	GetFinalPathNameByHandle(file Handle, filePath *uint16, filePathSize uint32, flags uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetFinalPathNameByHandleW
   268  //sys	CreateFileMapping(fhandle Handle, sa *SecurityAttributes, prot uint32, maxSizeHigh uint32, maxSizeLow uint32, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateFileMappingW
   269  //sys	MapViewOfFile(handle Handle, access uint32, offsetHigh uint32, offsetLow uint32, length uintptr) (addr uintptr, err error)
   270  //sys	UnmapViewOfFile(addr uintptr) (err error)
   271  //sys	FlushViewOfFile(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
   272  //sys	VirtualLock(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
   273  //sys	VirtualUnlock(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
   274  //sys	VirtualAlloc(address uintptr, size uintptr, alloctype uint32, protect uint32) (value uintptr, err error) = kernel32.VirtualAlloc
   275  //sys	VirtualFree(address uintptr, size uintptr, freetype uint32) (err error) = kernel32.VirtualFree
   276  //sys	VirtualProtect(address uintptr, size uintptr, newprotect uint32, oldprotect *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.VirtualProtect
   277  //sys	TransmitFile(s Handle, handle Handle, bytesToWrite uint32, bytsPerSend uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, transmitFileBuf *TransmitFileBuffers, flags uint32) (err error) = mswsock.TransmitFile
   278  //sys	ReadDirectoryChanges(handle Handle, buf *byte, buflen uint32, watchSubTree bool, mask uint32, retlen *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, completionRoutine uintptr) (err error) = kernel32.ReadDirectoryChangesW
   279  //sys	FindFirstChangeNotification(path string, watchSubtree bool, notifyFilter uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = kernel32.FindFirstChangeNotificationW
   280  //sys	FindNextChangeNotification(handle Handle) (err error)
   281  //sys	FindCloseChangeNotification(handle Handle) (err error)
   282  //sys	CertOpenSystemStore(hprov Handle, name *uint16) (store Handle, err error) = crypt32.CertOpenSystemStoreW
   283  //sys	CertOpenStore(storeProvider uintptr, msgAndCertEncodingType uint32, cryptProv uintptr, flags uint32, para uintptr) (handle Handle, err error) = crypt32.CertOpenStore
   284  //sys	CertEnumCertificatesInStore(store Handle, prevContext *CertContext) (context *CertContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertEnumCertificatesInStore
   285  //sys	CertAddCertificateContextToStore(store Handle, certContext *CertContext, addDisposition uint32, storeContext **CertContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertAddCertificateContextToStore
   286  //sys	CertCloseStore(store Handle, flags uint32) (err error) = crypt32.CertCloseStore
   287  //sys	CertDeleteCertificateFromStore(certContext *CertContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertDeleteCertificateFromStore
   288  //sys	CertDuplicateCertificateContext(certContext *CertContext) (dupContext *CertContext) = crypt32.CertDuplicateCertificateContext
   289  //sys	PFXImportCertStore(pfx *CryptDataBlob, password *uint16, flags uint32) (store Handle, err error) = crypt32.PFXImportCertStore
   290  //sys	CertGetCertificateChain(engine Handle, leaf *CertContext, time *Filetime, additionalStore Handle, para *CertChainPara, flags uint32, reserved uintptr, chainCtx **CertChainContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertGetCertificateChain
   291  //sys	CertFreeCertificateChain(ctx *CertChainContext) = crypt32.CertFreeCertificateChain
   292  //sys	CertCreateCertificateContext(certEncodingType uint32, certEncoded *byte, encodedLen uint32) (context *CertContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertCreateCertificateContext
   293  //sys	CertFreeCertificateContext(ctx *CertContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertFreeCertificateContext
   294  //sys	CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy(policyOID uintptr, chain *CertChainContext, para *CertChainPolicyPara, status *CertChainPolicyStatus) (err error) = crypt32.CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy
   295  //sys	CertGetNameString(certContext *CertContext, nameType uint32, flags uint32, typePara unsafe.Pointer, name *uint16, size uint32) (chars uint32) = crypt32.CertGetNameStringW
   296  //sys	CertFindExtension(objId *byte, countExtensions uint32, extensions *CertExtension) (ret *CertExtension) = crypt32.CertFindExtension
   297  //sys   CertFindCertificateInStore(store Handle, certEncodingType uint32, findFlags uint32, findType uint32, findPara unsafe.Pointer, prevCertContext *CertContext) (cert *CertContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertFindCertificateInStore
   298  //sys   CertFindChainInStore(store Handle, certEncodingType uint32, findFlags uint32, findType uint32, findPara unsafe.Pointer, prevChainContext *CertChainContext) (certchain *CertChainContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertFindChainInStore
   299  //sys   CryptAcquireCertificatePrivateKey(cert *CertContext, flags uint32, parameters unsafe.Pointer, cryptProvOrNCryptKey *Handle, keySpec *uint32, callerFreeProvOrNCryptKey *bool) (err error) = crypt32.CryptAcquireCertificatePrivateKey
   300  //sys	CryptQueryObject(objectType uint32, object unsafe.Pointer, expectedContentTypeFlags uint32, expectedFormatTypeFlags uint32, flags uint32, msgAndCertEncodingType *uint32, contentType *uint32, formatType *uint32, certStore *Handle, msg *Handle, context *unsafe.Pointer) (err error) = crypt32.CryptQueryObject
   301  //sys	CryptDecodeObject(encodingType uint32, structType *byte, encodedBytes *byte, lenEncodedBytes uint32, flags uint32, decoded unsafe.Pointer, decodedLen *uint32) (err error) = crypt32.CryptDecodeObject
   302  //sys	CryptProtectData(dataIn *DataBlob, name *uint16, optionalEntropy *DataBlob, reserved uintptr, promptStruct *CryptProtectPromptStruct, flags uint32, dataOut *DataBlob) (err error) = crypt32.CryptProtectData
   303  //sys	CryptUnprotectData(dataIn *DataBlob, name **uint16, optionalEntropy *DataBlob, reserved uintptr, promptStruct *CryptProtectPromptStruct, flags uint32, dataOut *DataBlob) (err error) = crypt32.CryptUnprotectData
   304  //sys	WinVerifyTrustEx(hwnd HWND, actionId *GUID, data *WinTrustData) (ret error) = wintrust.WinVerifyTrustEx
   305  //sys	RegOpenKeyEx(key Handle, subkey *uint16, options uint32, desiredAccess uint32, result *Handle) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegOpenKeyExW
   306  //sys	RegCloseKey(key Handle) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegCloseKey
   307  //sys	RegQueryInfoKey(key Handle, class *uint16, classLen *uint32, reserved *uint32, subkeysLen *uint32, maxSubkeyLen *uint32, maxClassLen *uint32, valuesLen *uint32, maxValueNameLen *uint32, maxValueLen *uint32, saLen *uint32, lastWriteTime *Filetime) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegQueryInfoKeyW
   308  //sys	RegEnumKeyEx(key Handle, index uint32, name *uint16, nameLen *uint32, reserved *uint32, class *uint16, classLen *uint32, lastWriteTime *Filetime) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegEnumKeyExW
   309  //sys	RegQueryValueEx(key Handle, name *uint16, reserved *uint32, valtype *uint32, buf *byte, buflen *uint32) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegQueryValueExW
   310  //sys	RegNotifyChangeKeyValue(key Handle, watchSubtree bool, notifyFilter uint32, event Handle, asynchronous bool) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegNotifyChangeKeyValue
   311  //sys	GetCurrentProcessId() (pid uint32) = kernel32.GetCurrentProcessId
   312  //sys	ProcessIdToSessionId(pid uint32, sessionid *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.ProcessIdToSessionId
   313  //sys	GetConsoleMode(console Handle, mode *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetConsoleMode
   314  //sys	SetConsoleMode(console Handle, mode uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetConsoleMode
   315  //sys	GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console Handle, info *ConsoleScreenBufferInfo) (err error) = kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo
   316  //sys	setConsoleCursorPosition(console Handle, position uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetConsoleCursorPosition
   317  //sys	WriteConsole(console Handle, buf *uint16, towrite uint32, written *uint32, reserved *byte) (err error) = kernel32.WriteConsoleW
   318  //sys	ReadConsole(console Handle, buf *uint16, toread uint32, read *uint32, inputControl *byte) (err error) = kernel32.ReadConsoleW
   319  //sys	CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(flags uint32, processId uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = kernel32.CreateToolhelp32Snapshot
   320  //sys	Process32First(snapshot Handle, procEntry *ProcessEntry32) (err error) = kernel32.Process32FirstW
   321  //sys	Process32Next(snapshot Handle, procEntry *ProcessEntry32) (err error) = kernel32.Process32NextW
   322  //sys	Thread32First(snapshot Handle, threadEntry *ThreadEntry32) (err error)
   323  //sys	Thread32Next(snapshot Handle, threadEntry *ThreadEntry32) (err error)
   324  //sys	DeviceIoControl(handle Handle, ioControlCode uint32, inBuffer *byte, inBufferSize uint32, outBuffer *byte, outBufferSize uint32, bytesReturned *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   325  // This function returns 1 byte BOOLEAN rather than the 4 byte BOOL.
   326  //sys	CreateSymbolicLink(symlinkfilename *uint16, targetfilename *uint16, flags uint32) (err error) [failretval&0xff==0] = CreateSymbolicLinkW
   327  //sys	CreateHardLink(filename *uint16, existingfilename *uint16, reserved uintptr) (err error) [failretval&0xff==0] = CreateHardLinkW
   328  //sys	GetCurrentThreadId() (id uint32)
   329  //sys	CreateEvent(eventAttrs *SecurityAttributes, manualReset uint32, initialState uint32, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateEventW
   330  //sys	CreateEventEx(eventAttrs *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16, flags uint32, desiredAccess uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateEventExW
   331  //sys	OpenEvent(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.OpenEventW
   332  //sys	SetEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.SetEvent
   333  //sys	ResetEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.ResetEvent
   334  //sys	PulseEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.PulseEvent
   335  //sys	CreateMutex(mutexAttrs *SecurityAttributes, initialOwner bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateMutexW
   336  //sys	CreateMutexEx(mutexAttrs *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16, flags uint32, desiredAccess uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateMutexExW
   337  //sys	OpenMutex(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.OpenMutexW
   338  //sys	ReleaseMutex(mutex Handle) (err error) = kernel32.ReleaseMutex
   339  //sys	SleepEx(milliseconds uint32, alertable bool) (ret uint32) = kernel32.SleepEx
   340  //sys	CreateJobObject(jobAttr *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.CreateJobObjectW
   341  //sys	AssignProcessToJobObject(job Handle, process Handle) (err error) = kernel32.AssignProcessToJobObject
   342  //sys	TerminateJobObject(job Handle, exitCode uint32) (err error) = kernel32.TerminateJobObject
   343  //sys	SetErrorMode(mode uint32) (ret uint32) = kernel32.SetErrorMode
   344  //sys	ResumeThread(thread Handle) (ret uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff] = kernel32.ResumeThread
   345  //sys	SetPriorityClass(process Handle, priorityClass uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetPriorityClass
   346  //sys	GetPriorityClass(process Handle) (ret uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetPriorityClass
   347  //sys	QueryInformationJobObject(job Handle, JobObjectInformationClass int32, JobObjectInformation uintptr, JobObjectInformationLength uint32, retlen *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.QueryInformationJobObject
   348  //sys	SetInformationJobObject(job Handle, JobObjectInformationClass uint32, JobObjectInformation uintptr, JobObjectInformationLength uint32) (ret int, err error)
   349  //sys	GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent(ctrlEvent uint32, processGroupID uint32) (err error)
   350  //sys	GetProcessId(process Handle) (id uint32, err error)
   351  //sys	QueryFullProcessImageName(proc Handle, flags uint32, exeName *uint16, size *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.QueryFullProcessImageNameW
   352  //sys	OpenThread(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, threadId uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
   353  //sys	SetProcessPriorityBoost(process Handle, disable bool) (err error) = kernel32.SetProcessPriorityBoost
   354  //sys	GetProcessWorkingSetSizeEx(hProcess Handle, lpMinimumWorkingSetSize *uintptr, lpMaximumWorkingSetSize *uintptr, flags *uint32)
   355  //sys	SetProcessWorkingSetSizeEx(hProcess Handle, dwMinimumWorkingSetSize uintptr, dwMaximumWorkingSetSize uintptr, flags uint32) (err error)
   356  //sys	GetCommTimeouts(handle Handle, timeouts *CommTimeouts) (err error)
   357  //sys	SetCommTimeouts(handle Handle, timeouts *CommTimeouts) (err error)
   358  
   359  // Volume Management Functions
   360  //sys	DefineDosDevice(flags uint32, deviceName *uint16, targetPath *uint16) (err error) = DefineDosDeviceW
   361  //sys	DeleteVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16) (err error) = DeleteVolumeMountPointW
   362  //sys	FindFirstVolume(volumeName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstVolumeW
   363  //sys	FindFirstVolumeMountPoint(rootPathName *uint16, volumeMountPoint *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstVolumeMountPointW
   364  //sys	FindNextVolume(findVolume Handle, volumeName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = FindNextVolumeW
   365  //sys	FindNextVolumeMountPoint(findVolumeMountPoint Handle, volumeMountPoint *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = FindNextVolumeMountPointW
   366  //sys	FindVolumeClose(findVolume Handle) (err error)
   367  //sys	FindVolumeMountPointClose(findVolumeMountPoint Handle) (err error)
   368  //sys	GetDiskFreeSpaceEx(directoryName *uint16, freeBytesAvailableToCaller *uint64, totalNumberOfBytes *uint64, totalNumberOfFreeBytes *uint64) (err error) = GetDiskFreeSpaceExW
   369  //sys	GetDriveType(rootPathName *uint16) (driveType uint32) = GetDriveTypeW
   370  //sys	GetLogicalDrives() (drivesBitMask uint32, err error) [failretval==0]
   371  //sys	GetLogicalDriveStrings(bufferLength uint32, buffer *uint16) (n uint32, err error) [failretval==0] = GetLogicalDriveStringsW
   372  //sys	GetVolumeInformation(rootPathName *uint16, volumeNameBuffer *uint16, volumeNameSize uint32, volumeNameSerialNumber *uint32, maximumComponentLength *uint32, fileSystemFlags *uint32, fileSystemNameBuffer *uint16, fileSystemNameSize uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeInformationW
   373  //sys	GetVolumeInformationByHandle(file Handle, volumeNameBuffer *uint16, volumeNameSize uint32, volumeNameSerialNumber *uint32, maximumComponentLength *uint32, fileSystemFlags *uint32, fileSystemNameBuffer *uint16, fileSystemNameSize uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeInformationByHandleW
   374  //sys	GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16, volumeName *uint16, bufferlength uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPointW
   375  //sys	GetVolumePathName(fileName *uint16, volumePathName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = GetVolumePathNameW
   376  //sys	GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeName(volumeName *uint16, volumePathNames *uint16, bufferLength uint32, returnLength *uint32) (err error) = GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeNameW
   377  //sys	QueryDosDevice(deviceName *uint16, targetPath *uint16, max uint32) (n uint32, err error) [failretval==0] = QueryDosDeviceW
   378  //sys	SetVolumeLabel(rootPathName *uint16, volumeName *uint16) (err error) = SetVolumeLabelW
   379  //sys	SetVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16, volumeName *uint16) (err error) = SetVolumeMountPointW
   380  //sys	InitiateSystemShutdownEx(machineName *uint16, message *uint16, timeout uint32, forceAppsClosed bool, rebootAfterShutdown bool, reason uint32) (err error) = advapi32.InitiateSystemShutdownExW
   381  //sys	SetProcessShutdownParameters(level uint32, flags uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetProcessShutdownParameters
   382  //sys	GetProcessShutdownParameters(level *uint32, flags *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetProcessShutdownParameters
   383  //sys	clsidFromString(lpsz *uint16, pclsid *GUID) (ret error) = ole32.CLSIDFromString
   384  //sys	stringFromGUID2(rguid *GUID, lpsz *uint16, cchMax int32) (chars int32) = ole32.StringFromGUID2
   385  //sys	coCreateGuid(pguid *GUID) (ret error) = ole32.CoCreateGuid
   386  //sys	CoTaskMemFree(address unsafe.Pointer) = ole32.CoTaskMemFree
   387  //sys	CoInitializeEx(reserved uintptr, coInit uint32) (ret error) = ole32.CoInitializeEx
   388  //sys	CoUninitialize() = ole32.CoUninitialize
   389  //sys	CoGetObject(name *uint16, bindOpts *BIND_OPTS3, guid *GUID, functionTable **uintptr) (ret error) = ole32.CoGetObject
   390  //sys	getProcessPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetProcessPreferredUILanguages
   391  //sys	getThreadPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetThreadPreferredUILanguages
   392  //sys	getUserPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetUserPreferredUILanguages
   393  //sys	getSystemPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetSystemPreferredUILanguages
   394  //sys	findResource(module Handle, name uintptr, resType uintptr) (resInfo Handle, err error) = kernel32.FindResourceW
   395  //sys	SizeofResource(module Handle, resInfo Handle) (size uint32, err error) = kernel32.SizeofResource
   396  //sys	LoadResource(module Handle, resInfo Handle) (resData Handle, err error) = kernel32.LoadResource
   397  //sys	LockResource(resData Handle) (addr uintptr, err error) = kernel32.LockResource
   398  
   399  // Process Status API (PSAPI)
   400  //sys	EnumProcesses(processIds []uint32, bytesReturned *uint32) (err error) = psapi.EnumProcesses
   401  
   402  // NT Native APIs
   403  //sys	rtlNtStatusToDosErrorNoTeb(ntstatus NTStatus) (ret syscall.Errno) = ntdll.RtlNtStatusToDosErrorNoTeb
   404  //sys	rtlGetVersion(info *OsVersionInfoEx) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlGetVersion
   405  //sys	rtlGetNtVersionNumbers(majorVersion *uint32, minorVersion *uint32, buildNumber *uint32) = ntdll.RtlGetNtVersionNumbers
   406  //sys	RtlGetCurrentPeb() (peb *PEB) = ntdll.RtlGetCurrentPeb
   407  //sys	RtlInitUnicodeString(destinationString *NTUnicodeString, sourceString *uint16) = ntdll.RtlInitUnicodeString
   408  //sys	RtlInitString(destinationString *NTString, sourceString *byte) = ntdll.RtlInitString
   409  //sys	NtCreateFile(handle *Handle, access uint32, oa *OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, iosb *IO_STATUS_BLOCK, allocationSize *int64, attributes uint32, share uint32, disposition uint32, options uint32, eabuffer uintptr, ealength uint32) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtCreateFile
   410  //sys	NtCreateNamedPipeFile(pipe *Handle, access uint32, oa *OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, iosb *IO_STATUS_BLOCK, share uint32, disposition uint32, options uint32, typ uint32, readMode uint32, completionMode uint32, maxInstances uint32, inboundQuota uint32, outputQuota uint32, timeout *int64) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtCreateNamedPipeFile
   411  //sys	RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName(dosName *uint16, ntName *NTUnicodeString, ntFileNamePart *uint16, relativeName *RTL_RELATIVE_NAME) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName_U_WithStatus
   412  //sys	RtlDosPathNameToRelativeNtPathName(dosName *uint16, ntName *NTUnicodeString, ntFileNamePart *uint16, relativeName *RTL_RELATIVE_NAME) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlDosPathNameToRelativeNtPathName_U_WithStatus
   413  //sys	RtlDefaultNpAcl(acl **ACL) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlDefaultNpAcl
   414  //sys	NtQueryInformationProcess(proc Handle, procInfoClass int32, procInfo unsafe.Pointer, procInfoLen uint32, retLen *uint32) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtQueryInformationProcess
   415  //sys	NtSetInformationProcess(proc Handle, procInfoClass int32, procInfo unsafe.Pointer, procInfoLen uint32) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtSetInformationProcess
   416  
   417  // syscall interface implementation for other packages
   418  
   419  // GetCurrentProcess returns the handle for the current process.
   420  // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
   421  // The returned error is always nil.
   422  //
   423  // Deprecated: use CurrentProcess for the same Handle without the nil
   424  // error.
   425  func GetCurrentProcess() (Handle, error) {
   426  	return CurrentProcess(), nil
   427  }
   428  
   429  // CurrentProcess returns the handle for the current process.
   430  // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
   431  func CurrentProcess() Handle { return Handle(^uintptr(1 - 1)) }
   432  
   433  // GetCurrentThread returns the handle for the current thread.
   434  // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
   435  // The returned error is always nil.
   436  //
   437  // Deprecated: use CurrentThread for the same Handle without the nil
   438  // error.
   439  func GetCurrentThread() (Handle, error) {
   440  	return CurrentThread(), nil
   441  }
   442  
   443  // CurrentThread returns the handle for the current thread.
   444  // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
   445  func CurrentThread() Handle { return Handle(^uintptr(2 - 1)) }
   446  
   447  // GetProcAddressByOrdinal retrieves the address of the exported
   448  // function from module by ordinal.
   449  func GetProcAddressByOrdinal(module Handle, ordinal uintptr) (proc uintptr, err error) {
   450  	r0, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall(procGetProcAddress.Addr(), 2, uintptr(module), ordinal, 0)
   451  	proc = uintptr(r0)
   452  	if proc == 0 {
   453  		err = errnoErr(e1)
   454  	}
   455  	return
   456  }
   457  
   458  func Exit(code int) { ExitProcess(uint32(code)) }
   459  
   460  func makeInheritSa() *SecurityAttributes {
   461  	var sa SecurityAttributes
   462  	sa.Length = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa))
   463  	sa.InheritHandle = 1
   464  	return &sa
   465  }
   466  
   467  func Open(path string, mode int, perm uint32) (fd Handle, err error) {
   468  	if len(path) == 0 {
   469  		return InvalidHandle, ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
   470  	}
   471  	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   472  	if err != nil {
   473  		return InvalidHandle, err
   474  	}
   475  	var access uint32
   476  	switch mode & (O_RDONLY | O_WRONLY | O_RDWR) {
   477  	case O_RDONLY:
   478  		access = GENERIC_READ
   479  	case O_WRONLY:
   480  		access = GENERIC_WRITE
   481  	case O_RDWR:
   482  		access = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE
   483  	}
   484  	if mode&O_CREAT != 0 {
   485  		access |= GENERIC_WRITE
   486  	}
   487  	if mode&O_APPEND != 0 {
   488  		access &^= GENERIC_WRITE
   489  		access |= FILE_APPEND_DATA
   490  	}
   491  	sharemode := uint32(FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE)
   492  	var sa *SecurityAttributes
   493  	if mode&O_CLOEXEC == 0 {
   494  		sa = makeInheritSa()
   495  	}
   496  	var createmode uint32
   497  	switch {
   498  	case mode&(O_CREAT|O_EXCL) == (O_CREAT | O_EXCL):
   499  		createmode = CREATE_NEW
   500  	case mode&(O_CREAT|O_TRUNC) == (O_CREAT | O_TRUNC):
   501  		createmode = CREATE_ALWAYS
   502  	case mode&O_CREAT == O_CREAT:
   503  		createmode = OPEN_ALWAYS
   504  	case mode&O_TRUNC == O_TRUNC:
   505  		createmode = TRUNCATE_EXISTING
   506  	default:
   507  		createmode = OPEN_EXISTING
   508  	}
   509  	var attrs uint32 = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
   510  	if perm&S_IWRITE == 0 {
   511  		attrs = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
   512  	}
   513  	h, e := CreateFile(pathp, access, sharemode, sa, createmode, attrs, 0)
   514  	return h, e
   515  }
   516  
   517  func Read(fd Handle, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
   518  	var done uint32
   519  	e := ReadFile(fd, p, &done, nil)
   520  	if e != nil {
   521  		if e == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE {
   522  			// NOTE(brainman): work around ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE is returned on reading EOF from stdin
   523  			return 0, nil
   524  		}
   525  		return 0, e
   526  	}
   527  	if raceenabled {
   528  		if done > 0 {
   529  			raceWriteRange(unsafe.Pointer(&p[0]), int(done))
   530  		}
   531  		raceAcquire(unsafe.Pointer(&ioSync))
   532  	}
   533  	return int(done), nil
   534  }
   535  
   536  func Write(fd Handle, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
   537  	if raceenabled {
   538  		raceReleaseMerge(unsafe.Pointer(&ioSync))
   539  	}
   540  	var done uint32
   541  	e := WriteFile(fd, p, &done, nil)
   542  	if e != nil {
   543  		return 0, e
   544  	}
   545  	if raceenabled && done > 0 {
   546  		raceReadRange(unsafe.Pointer(&p[0]), int(done))
   547  	}
   548  	return int(done), nil
   549  }
   550  
   551  var ioSync int64
   552  
   553  func Seek(fd Handle, offset int64, whence int) (newoffset int64, err error) {
   554  	var w uint32
   555  	switch whence {
   556  	case 0:
   557  		w = FILE_BEGIN
   558  	case 1:
   559  		w = FILE_CURRENT
   560  	case 2:
   561  		w = FILE_END
   562  	}
   563  	hi := int32(offset >> 32)
   564  	lo := int32(offset)
   565  	// use GetFileType to check pipe, pipe can't do seek
   566  	ft, _ := GetFileType(fd)
   567  	if ft == FILE_TYPE_PIPE {
   568  		return 0, syscall.EPIPE
   569  	}
   570  	rlo, e := SetFilePointer(fd, lo, &hi, w)
   571  	if e != nil {
   572  		return 0, e
   573  	}
   574  	return int64(hi)<<32 + int64(rlo), nil
   575  }
   576  
   577  func Close(fd Handle) (err error) {
   578  	return CloseHandle(fd)
   579  }
   580  
   581  var (
   582  	Stdin  = getStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE)
   583  	Stdout = getStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
   584  	Stderr = getStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE)
   585  )
   586  
   587  func getStdHandle(stdhandle uint32) (fd Handle) {
   588  	r, _ := GetStdHandle(stdhandle)
   589  	CloseOnExec(r)
   590  	return r
   591  }
   592  
   593  const ImplementsGetwd = true
   594  
   595  func Getwd() (wd string, err error) {
   596  	b := make([]uint16, 300)
   597  	n, e := GetCurrentDirectory(uint32(len(b)), &b[0])
   598  	if e != nil {
   599  		return "", e
   600  	}
   601  	return string(utf16.Decode(b[0:n])), nil
   602  }
   603  
   604  func Chdir(path string) (err error) {
   605  	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   606  	if err != nil {
   607  		return err
   608  	}
   609  	return SetCurrentDirectory(pathp)
   610  }
   611  
   612  func Mkdir(path string, mode uint32) (err error) {
   613  	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   614  	if err != nil {
   615  		return err
   616  	}
   617  	return CreateDirectory(pathp, nil)
   618  }
   619  
   620  func Rmdir(path string) (err error) {
   621  	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   622  	if err != nil {
   623  		return err
   624  	}
   625  	return RemoveDirectory(pathp)
   626  }
   627  
   628  func Unlink(path string) (err error) {
   629  	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   630  	if err != nil {
   631  		return err
   632  	}
   633  	return DeleteFile(pathp)
   634  }
   635  
   636  func Rename(oldpath, newpath string) (err error) {
   637  	from, err := UTF16PtrFromString(oldpath)
   638  	if err != nil {
   639  		return err
   640  	}
   641  	to, err := UTF16PtrFromString(newpath)
   642  	if err != nil {
   643  		return err
   644  	}
   645  	return MoveFileEx(from, to, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING)
   646  }
   647  
   648  func ComputerName() (name string, err error) {
   649  	var n uint32 = MAX_COMPUTERNAME_LENGTH + 1
   650  	b := make([]uint16, n)
   651  	e := GetComputerName(&b[0], &n)
   652  	if e != nil {
   653  		return "", e
   654  	}
   655  	return string(utf16.Decode(b[0:n])), nil
   656  }
   657  
   658  func DurationSinceBoot() time.Duration {
   659  	return time.Duration(getTickCount64()) * time.Millisecond
   660  }
   661  
   662  func Ftruncate(fd Handle, length int64) (err error) {
   663  	curoffset, e := Seek(fd, 0, 1)
   664  	if e != nil {
   665  		return e
   666  	}
   667  	defer Seek(fd, curoffset, 0)
   668  	_, e = Seek(fd, length, 0)
   669  	if e != nil {
   670  		return e
   671  	}
   672  	e = SetEndOfFile(fd)
   673  	if e != nil {
   674  		return e
   675  	}
   676  	return nil
   677  }
   678  
   679  func Gettimeofday(tv *Timeval) (err error) {
   680  	var ft Filetime
   681  	GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft)
   682  	*tv = NsecToTimeval(ft.Nanoseconds())
   683  	return nil
   684  }
   685  
   686  func Pipe(p []Handle) (err error) {
   687  	if len(p) != 2 {
   688  		return syscall.EINVAL
   689  	}
   690  	var r, w Handle
   691  	e := CreatePipe(&r, &w, makeInheritSa(), 0)
   692  	if e != nil {
   693  		return e
   694  	}
   695  	p[0] = r
   696  	p[1] = w
   697  	return nil
   698  }
   699  
   700  func Utimes(path string, tv []Timeval) (err error) {
   701  	if len(tv) != 2 {
   702  		return syscall.EINVAL
   703  	}
   704  	pathp, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   705  	if e != nil {
   706  		return e
   707  	}
   708  	h, e := CreateFile(pathp,
   709  		FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, nil,
   710  		OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
   711  	if e != nil {
   712  		return e
   713  	}
   714  	defer Close(h)
   715  	a := NsecToFiletime(tv[0].Nanoseconds())
   716  	w := NsecToFiletime(tv[1].Nanoseconds())
   717  	return SetFileTime(h, nil, &a, &w)
   718  }
   719  
   720  func UtimesNano(path string, ts []Timespec) (err error) {
   721  	if len(ts) != 2 {
   722  		return syscall.EINVAL
   723  	}
   724  	pathp, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   725  	if e != nil {
   726  		return e
   727  	}
   728  	h, e := CreateFile(pathp,
   729  		FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, nil,
   730  		OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
   731  	if e != nil {
   732  		return e
   733  	}
   734  	defer Close(h)
   735  	a := NsecToFiletime(TimespecToNsec(ts[0]))
   736  	w := NsecToFiletime(TimespecToNsec(ts[1]))
   737  	return SetFileTime(h, nil, &a, &w)
   738  }
   739  
   740  func Fsync(fd Handle) (err error) {
   741  	return FlushFileBuffers(fd)
   742  }
   743  
   744  func Chmod(path string, mode uint32) (err error) {
   745  	p, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   746  	if e != nil {
   747  		return e
   748  	}
   749  	attrs, e := GetFileAttributes(p)
   750  	if e != nil {
   751  		return e
   752  	}
   753  	if mode&S_IWRITE != 0 {
   754  		attrs &^= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
   755  	} else {
   756  		attrs |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
   757  	}
   758  	return SetFileAttributes(p, attrs)
   759  }
   760  
   761  func LoadGetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime() error {
   762  	return procGetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime.Find()
   763  }
   764  
   765  func LoadCancelIoEx() error {
   766  	return procCancelIoEx.Find()
   767  }
   768  
   769  func LoadSetFileCompletionNotificationModes() error {
   770  	return procSetFileCompletionNotificationModes.Find()
   771  }
   772  
   773  func WaitForMultipleObjects(handles []Handle, waitAll bool, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) {
   774  	// Every other win32 array API takes arguments as "pointer, count", except for this function. So we
   775  	// can't declare it as a usual [] type, because mksyscall will use the opposite order. We therefore
   776  	// trivially stub this ourselves.
   777  
   778  	var handlePtr *Handle
   779  	if len(handles) > 0 {
   780  		handlePtr = &handles[0]
   781  	}
   782  	return waitForMultipleObjects(uint32(len(handles)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(handlePtr)), waitAll, waitMilliseconds)
   783  }
   784  
   785  // net api calls
   786  
   787  const socket_error = uintptr(^uint32(0))
   788  
   789  //sys	WSAStartup(verreq uint32, data *WSAData) (sockerr error) = ws2_32.WSAStartup
   790  //sys	WSACleanup() (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSACleanup
   791  //sys	WSAIoctl(s Handle, iocc uint32, inbuf *byte, cbif uint32, outbuf *byte, cbob uint32, cbbr *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, completionRoutine uintptr) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSAIoctl
   792  //sys	socket(af int32, typ int32, protocol int32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = ws2_32.socket
   793  //sys	sendto(s Handle, buf []byte, flags int32, to unsafe.Pointer, tolen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.sendto
   794  //sys	recvfrom(s Handle, buf []byte, flags int32, from *RawSockaddrAny, fromlen *int32) (n int32, err error) [failretval==-1] = ws2_32.recvfrom
   795  //sys	Setsockopt(s Handle, level int32, optname int32, optval *byte, optlen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.setsockopt
   796  //sys	Getsockopt(s Handle, level int32, optname int32, optval *byte, optlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getsockopt
   797  //sys	bind(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.bind
   798  //sys	connect(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.connect
   799  //sys	getsockname(s Handle, rsa *RawSockaddrAny, addrlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getsockname
   800  //sys	getpeername(s Handle, rsa *RawSockaddrAny, addrlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getpeername
   801  //sys	listen(s Handle, backlog int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.listen
   802  //sys	shutdown(s Handle, how int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.shutdown
   803  //sys	Closesocket(s Handle) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.closesocket
   804  //sys	AcceptEx(ls Handle, as Handle, buf *byte, rxdatalen uint32, laddrlen uint32, raddrlen uint32, recvd *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error) = mswsock.AcceptEx
   805  //sys	GetAcceptExSockaddrs(buf *byte, rxdatalen uint32, laddrlen uint32, raddrlen uint32, lrsa **RawSockaddrAny, lrsalen *int32, rrsa **RawSockaddrAny, rrsalen *int32) = mswsock.GetAcceptExSockaddrs
   806  //sys	WSARecv(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, recvd *uint32, flags *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSARecv
   807  //sys	WSASend(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSASend
   808  //sys	WSARecvFrom(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, recvd *uint32, flags *uint32,  from *RawSockaddrAny, fromlen *int32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSARecvFrom
   809  //sys	WSASendTo(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, to *RawSockaddrAny, tolen int32,  overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSASendTo
   810  //sys	WSASocket(af int32, typ int32, protocol int32, protoInfo *WSAProtocolInfo, group uint32, flags uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = ws2_32.WSASocketW
   811  //sys	GetHostByName(name string) (h *Hostent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.gethostbyname
   812  //sys	GetServByName(name string, proto string) (s *Servent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.getservbyname
   813  //sys	Ntohs(netshort uint16) (u uint16) = ws2_32.ntohs
   814  //sys	GetProtoByName(name string) (p *Protoent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.getprotobyname
   815  //sys	DnsQuery(name string, qtype uint16, options uint32, extra *byte, qrs **DNSRecord, pr *byte) (status error) = dnsapi.DnsQuery_W
   816  //sys	DnsRecordListFree(rl *DNSRecord, freetype uint32) = dnsapi.DnsRecordListFree
   817  //sys	DnsNameCompare(name1 *uint16, name2 *uint16) (same bool) = dnsapi.DnsNameCompare_W
   818  //sys	GetAddrInfoW(nodename *uint16, servicename *uint16, hints *AddrinfoW, result **AddrinfoW) (sockerr error) = ws2_32.GetAddrInfoW
   819  //sys	FreeAddrInfoW(addrinfo *AddrinfoW) = ws2_32.FreeAddrInfoW
   820  //sys	GetIfEntry(pIfRow *MibIfRow) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetIfEntry
   821  //sys	GetAdaptersInfo(ai *IpAdapterInfo, ol *uint32) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
   822  //sys	SetFileCompletionNotificationModes(handle Handle, flags uint8) (err error) = kernel32.SetFileCompletionNotificationModes
   823  //sys	WSAEnumProtocols(protocols *int32, protocolBuffer *WSAProtocolInfo, bufferLength *uint32) (n int32, err error) [failretval==-1] = ws2_32.WSAEnumProtocolsW
   824  //sys	WSAGetOverlappedResult(h Handle, o *Overlapped, bytes *uint32, wait bool, flags *uint32) (err error) = ws2_32.WSAGetOverlappedResult
   825  //sys	GetAdaptersAddresses(family uint32, flags uint32, reserved uintptr, adapterAddresses *IpAdapterAddresses, sizePointer *uint32) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetAdaptersAddresses
   826  //sys	GetACP() (acp uint32) = kernel32.GetACP
   827  //sys	MultiByteToWideChar(codePage uint32, dwFlags uint32, str *byte, nstr int32, wchar *uint16, nwchar int32) (nwrite int32, err error) = kernel32.MultiByteToWideChar
   828  
   829  // For testing: clients can set this flag to force
   830  // creation of IPv6 sockets to return EAFNOSUPPORT.
   831  var SocketDisableIPv6 bool
   832  
   833  type RawSockaddrInet4 struct {
   834  	Family uint16
   835  	Port   uint16
   836  	Addr   [4]byte /* in_addr */
   837  	Zero   [8]uint8
   838  }
   839  
   840  type RawSockaddrInet6 struct {
   841  	Family   uint16
   842  	Port     uint16
   843  	Flowinfo uint32
   844  	Addr     [16]byte /* in6_addr */
   845  	Scope_id uint32
   846  }
   847  
   848  type RawSockaddr struct {
   849  	Family uint16
   850  	Data   [14]int8
   851  }
   852  
   853  type RawSockaddrAny struct {
   854  	Addr RawSockaddr
   855  	Pad  [100]int8
   856  }
   857  
   858  type Sockaddr interface {
   859  	sockaddr() (ptr unsafe.Pointer, len int32, err error) // lowercase; only we can define Sockaddrs
   860  }
   861  
   862  type SockaddrInet4 struct {
   863  	Port int
   864  	Addr [4]byte
   865  	raw  RawSockaddrInet4
   866  }
   867  
   868  func (sa *SockaddrInet4) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
   869  	if sa.Port < 0 || sa.Port > 0xFFFF {
   870  		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
   871  	}
   872  	sa.raw.Family = AF_INET
   873  	p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw.Port))
   874  	p[0] = byte(sa.Port >> 8)
   875  	p[1] = byte(sa.Port)
   876  	for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
   877  		sa.raw.Addr[i] = sa.Addr[i]
   878  	}
   879  	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa.raw)), nil
   880  }
   881  
   882  type SockaddrInet6 struct {
   883  	Port   int
   884  	ZoneId uint32
   885  	Addr   [16]byte
   886  	raw    RawSockaddrInet6
   887  }
   888  
   889  func (sa *SockaddrInet6) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
   890  	if sa.Port < 0 || sa.Port > 0xFFFF {
   891  		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
   892  	}
   893  	sa.raw.Family = AF_INET6
   894  	p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw.Port))
   895  	p[0] = byte(sa.Port >> 8)
   896  	p[1] = byte(sa.Port)
   897  	sa.raw.Scope_id = sa.ZoneId
   898  	for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
   899  		sa.raw.Addr[i] = sa.Addr[i]
   900  	}
   901  	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa.raw)), nil
   902  }
   903  
   904  type RawSockaddrUnix struct {
   905  	Family uint16
   906  	Path   [UNIX_PATH_MAX]int8
   907  }
   908  
   909  type SockaddrUnix struct {
   910  	Name string
   911  	raw  RawSockaddrUnix
   912  }
   913  
   914  func (sa *SockaddrUnix) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
   915  	name := sa.Name
   916  	n := len(name)
   917  	if n > len(sa.raw.Path) {
   918  		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
   919  	}
   920  	if n == len(sa.raw.Path) && name[0] != '@' {
   921  		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
   922  	}
   923  	sa.raw.Family = AF_UNIX
   924  	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
   925  		sa.raw.Path[i] = int8(name[i])
   926  	}
   927  	// length is family (uint16), name, NUL.
   928  	sl := int32(2)
   929  	if n > 0 {
   930  		sl += int32(n) + 1
   931  	}
   932  	if sa.raw.Path[0] == '@' {
   933  		sa.raw.Path[0] = 0
   934  		// Don't count trailing NUL for abstract address.
   935  		sl--
   936  	}
   937  
   938  	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), sl, nil
   939  }
   940  
   941  func (rsa *RawSockaddrAny) Sockaddr() (Sockaddr, error) {
   942  	switch rsa.Addr.Family {
   943  	case AF_UNIX:
   944  		pp := (*RawSockaddrUnix)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
   945  		sa := new(SockaddrUnix)
   946  		if pp.Path[0] == 0 {
   947  			// "Abstract" Unix domain socket.
   948  			// Rewrite leading NUL as @ for textual display.
   949  			// (This is the standard convention.)
   950  			// Not friendly to overwrite in place,
   951  			// but the callers below don't care.
   952  			pp.Path[0] = '@'
   953  		}
   954  
   955  		// Assume path ends at NUL.
   956  		// This is not technically the Linux semantics for
   957  		// abstract Unix domain sockets--they are supposed
   958  		// to be uninterpreted fixed-size binary blobs--but
   959  		// everyone uses this convention.
   960  		n := 0
   961  		for n < len(pp.Path) && pp.Path[n] != 0 {
   962  			n++
   963  		}
   964  		bytes := (*[len(pp.Path)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Path[0]))[0:n]
   965  		sa.Name = string(bytes)
   966  		return sa, nil
   967  
   968  	case AF_INET:
   969  		pp := (*RawSockaddrInet4)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
   970  		sa := new(SockaddrInet4)
   971  		p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Port))
   972  		sa.Port = int(p[0])<<8 + int(p[1])
   973  		for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
   974  			sa.Addr[i] = pp.Addr[i]
   975  		}
   976  		return sa, nil
   977  
   978  	case AF_INET6:
   979  		pp := (*RawSockaddrInet6)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
   980  		sa := new(SockaddrInet6)
   981  		p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Port))
   982  		sa.Port = int(p[0])<<8 + int(p[1])
   983  		sa.ZoneId = pp.Scope_id
   984  		for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
   985  			sa.Addr[i] = pp.Addr[i]
   986  		}
   987  		return sa, nil
   988  	}
   989  	return nil, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
   990  }
   991  
   992  func Socket(domain, typ, proto int) (fd Handle, err error) {
   993  	if domain == AF_INET6 && SocketDisableIPv6 {
   994  		return InvalidHandle, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
   995  	}
   996  	return socket(int32(domain), int32(typ), int32(proto))
   997  }
   998  
   999  func SetsockoptInt(fd Handle, level, opt int, value int) (err error) {
  1000  	v := int32(value)
  1001  	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&v)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(v)))
  1002  }
  1003  
  1004  func Bind(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr) (err error) {
  1005  	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
  1006  	if err != nil {
  1007  		return err
  1008  	}
  1009  	return bind(fd, ptr, n)
  1010  }
  1011  
  1012  func Connect(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr) (err error) {
  1013  	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
  1014  	if err != nil {
  1015  		return err
  1016  	}
  1017  	return connect(fd, ptr, n)
  1018  }
  1019  
  1020  func Getsockname(fd Handle) (sa Sockaddr, err error) {
  1021  	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
  1022  	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
  1023  	if err = getsockname(fd, &rsa, &l); err != nil {
  1024  		return
  1025  	}
  1026  	return rsa.Sockaddr()
  1027  }
  1028  
  1029  func Getpeername(fd Handle) (sa Sockaddr, err error) {
  1030  	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
  1031  	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
  1032  	if err = getpeername(fd, &rsa, &l); err != nil {
  1033  		return
  1034  	}
  1035  	return rsa.Sockaddr()
  1036  }
  1037  
  1038  func Listen(s Handle, n int) (err error) {
  1039  	return listen(s, int32(n))
  1040  }
  1041  
  1042  func Shutdown(fd Handle, how int) (err error) {
  1043  	return shutdown(fd, int32(how))
  1044  }
  1045  
  1046  func WSASendto(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, to Sockaddr, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) {
  1047  	rsa, l, err := to.sockaddr()
  1048  	if err != nil {
  1049  		return err
  1050  	}
  1051  	return WSASendTo(s, bufs, bufcnt, sent, flags, (*RawSockaddrAny)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa)), l, overlapped, croutine)
  1052  }
  1053  
  1054  func LoadGetAddrInfo() error {
  1055  	return procGetAddrInfoW.Find()
  1056  }
  1057  
  1058  var connectExFunc struct {
  1059  	once sync.Once
  1060  	addr uintptr
  1061  	err  error
  1062  }
  1063  
  1064  func LoadConnectEx() error {
  1065  	connectExFunc.once.Do(func() {
  1066  		var s Handle
  1067  		s, connectExFunc.err = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)
  1068  		if connectExFunc.err != nil {
  1069  			return
  1070  		}
  1071  		defer CloseHandle(s)
  1072  		var n uint32
  1073  		connectExFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
  1074  			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
  1075  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_CONNECTEX)),
  1076  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_CONNECTEX)),
  1077  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&connectExFunc.addr)),
  1078  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(connectExFunc.addr)),
  1079  			&n, nil, 0)
  1080  	})
  1081  	return connectExFunc.err
  1082  }
  1083  
  1084  func connectEx(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32, sendBuf *byte, sendDataLen uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error) {
  1085  	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall9(connectExFunc.addr, 7, uintptr(s), uintptr(name), uintptr(namelen), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(sendBuf)), uintptr(sendDataLen), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesSent)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), 0, 0)
  1086  	if r1 == 0 {
  1087  		if e1 != 0 {
  1088  			err = error(e1)
  1089  		} else {
  1090  			err = syscall.EINVAL
  1091  		}
  1092  	}
  1093  	return
  1094  }
  1095  
  1096  func ConnectEx(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr, sendBuf *byte, sendDataLen uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) error {
  1097  	err := LoadConnectEx()
  1098  	if err != nil {
  1099  		return errorspkg.New("failed to find ConnectEx: " + err.Error())
  1100  	}
  1101  	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
  1102  	if err != nil {
  1103  		return err
  1104  	}
  1105  	return connectEx(fd, ptr, n, sendBuf, sendDataLen, bytesSent, overlapped)
  1106  }
  1107  
  1108  var sendRecvMsgFunc struct {
  1109  	once     sync.Once
  1110  	sendAddr uintptr
  1111  	recvAddr uintptr
  1112  	err      error
  1113  }
  1114  
  1115  func loadWSASendRecvMsg() error {
  1116  	sendRecvMsgFunc.once.Do(func() {
  1117  		var s Handle
  1118  		s, sendRecvMsgFunc.err = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)
  1119  		if sendRecvMsgFunc.err != nil {
  1120  			return
  1121  		}
  1122  		defer CloseHandle(s)
  1123  		var n uint32
  1124  		sendRecvMsgFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
  1125  			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
  1126  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_WSARECVMSG)),
  1127  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_WSARECVMSG)),
  1128  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr)),
  1129  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr)),
  1130  			&n, nil, 0)
  1131  		if sendRecvMsgFunc.err != nil {
  1132  			return
  1133  		}
  1134  		sendRecvMsgFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
  1135  			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
  1136  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_WSASENDMSG)),
  1137  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_WSASENDMSG)),
  1138  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr)),
  1139  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr)),
  1140  			&n, nil, 0)
  1141  	})
  1142  	return sendRecvMsgFunc.err
  1143  }
  1144  
  1145  func WSASendMsg(fd Handle, msg *WSAMsg, flags uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) error {
  1146  	err := loadWSASendRecvMsg()
  1147  	if err != nil {
  1148  		return err
  1149  	}
  1150  	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall6(sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr, 6, uintptr(fd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(msg)), uintptr(flags), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesSent)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(croutine)))
  1151  	if r1 == socket_error {
  1152  		err = errnoErr(e1)
  1153  	}
  1154  	return err
  1155  }
  1156  
  1157  func WSARecvMsg(fd Handle, msg *WSAMsg, bytesReceived *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) error {
  1158  	err := loadWSASendRecvMsg()
  1159  	if err != nil {
  1160  		return err
  1161  	}
  1162  	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall6(sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr, 5, uintptr(fd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(msg)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesReceived)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(croutine)), 0)
  1163  	if r1 == socket_error {
  1164  		err = errnoErr(e1)
  1165  	}
  1166  	return err
  1167  }
  1168  
  1169  // Invented structures to support what package os expects.
  1170  type Rusage struct {
  1171  	CreationTime Filetime
  1172  	ExitTime     Filetime
  1173  	KernelTime   Filetime
  1174  	UserTime     Filetime
  1175  }
  1176  
  1177  type WaitStatus struct {
  1178  	ExitCode uint32
  1179  }
  1180  
  1181  func (w WaitStatus) Exited() bool { return true }
  1182  
  1183  func (w WaitStatus) ExitStatus() int { return int(w.ExitCode) }
  1184  
  1185  func (w WaitStatus) Signal() Signal { return -1 }
  1186  
  1187  func (w WaitStatus) CoreDump() bool { return false }
  1188  
  1189  func (w WaitStatus) Stopped() bool { return false }
  1190  
  1191  func (w WaitStatus) Continued() bool { return false }
  1192  
  1193  func (w WaitStatus) StopSignal() Signal { return -1 }
  1194  
  1195  func (w WaitStatus) Signaled() bool { return false }
  1196  
  1197  func (w WaitStatus) TrapCause() int { return -1 }
  1198  
  1199  // Timespec is an invented structure on Windows, but here for
  1200  // consistency with the corresponding package for other operating systems.
  1201  type Timespec struct {
  1202  	Sec  int64
  1203  	Nsec int64
  1204  }
  1205  
  1206  func TimespecToNsec(ts Timespec) int64 { return int64(ts.Sec)*1e9 + int64(ts.Nsec) }
  1207  
  1208  func NsecToTimespec(nsec int64) (ts Timespec) {
  1209  	ts.Sec = nsec / 1e9
  1210  	ts.Nsec = nsec % 1e9
  1211  	return
  1212  }
  1213  
  1214  // TODO(brainman): fix all needed for net
  1215  
  1216  func Accept(fd Handle) (nfd Handle, sa Sockaddr, err error) { return 0, nil, syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1217  
  1218  func Recvfrom(fd Handle, p []byte, flags int) (n int, from Sockaddr, err error) {
  1219  	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
  1220  	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
  1221  	n32, err := recvfrom(fd, p, int32(flags), &rsa, &l)
  1222  	n = int(n32)
  1223  	if err != nil {
  1224  		return
  1225  	}
  1226  	from, err = rsa.Sockaddr()
  1227  	return
  1228  }
  1229  
  1230  func Sendto(fd Handle, p []byte, flags int, to Sockaddr) (err error) {
  1231  	ptr, l, err := to.sockaddr()
  1232  	if err != nil {
  1233  		return err
  1234  	}
  1235  	return sendto(fd, p, int32(flags), ptr, l)
  1236  }
  1237  
  1238  func SetsockoptTimeval(fd Handle, level, opt int, tv *Timeval) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1239  
  1240  // The Linger struct is wrong but we only noticed after Go 1.
  1241  // sysLinger is the real system call structure.
  1242  
  1243  // BUG(brainman): The definition of Linger is not appropriate for direct use
  1244  // with Setsockopt and Getsockopt.
  1245  // Use SetsockoptLinger instead.
  1246  
  1247  type Linger struct {
  1248  	Onoff  int32
  1249  	Linger int32
  1250  }
  1251  
  1252  type sysLinger struct {
  1253  	Onoff  uint16
  1254  	Linger uint16
  1255  }
  1256  
  1257  type IPMreq struct {
  1258  	Multiaddr [4]byte /* in_addr */
  1259  	Interface [4]byte /* in_addr */
  1260  }
  1261  
  1262  type IPv6Mreq struct {
  1263  	Multiaddr [16]byte /* in6_addr */
  1264  	Interface uint32
  1265  }
  1266  
  1267  func GetsockoptInt(fd Handle, level, opt int) (int, error) {
  1268  	v := int32(0)
  1269  	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(v))
  1270  	err := Getsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&v)), &l)
  1271  	return int(v), err
  1272  }
  1273  
  1274  func SetsockoptLinger(fd Handle, level, opt int, l *Linger) (err error) {
  1275  	sys := sysLinger{Onoff: uint16(l.Onoff), Linger: uint16(l.Linger)}
  1276  	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sys)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sys)))
  1277  }
  1278  
  1279  func SetsockoptInet4Addr(fd Handle, level, opt int, value [4]byte) (err error) {
  1280  	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&value[0])), 4)
  1281  }
  1282  func SetsockoptIPMreq(fd Handle, level, opt int, mreq *IPMreq) (err error) {
  1283  	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(mreq)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(*mreq)))
  1284  }
  1285  func SetsockoptIPv6Mreq(fd Handle, level, opt int, mreq *IPv6Mreq) (err error) {
  1286  	return syscall.EWINDOWS
  1287  }
  1288  
  1289  func Getpid() (pid int) { return int(GetCurrentProcessId()) }
  1290  
  1291  func FindFirstFile(name *uint16, data *Win32finddata) (handle Handle, err error) {
  1292  	// NOTE(rsc): The Win32finddata struct is wrong for the system call:
  1293  	// the two paths are each one uint16 short. Use the correct struct,
  1294  	// a win32finddata1, and then copy the results out.
  1295  	// There is no loss of expressivity here, because the final
  1296  	// uint16, if it is used, is supposed to be a NUL, and Go doesn't need that.
  1297  	// For Go 1.1, we might avoid the allocation of win32finddata1 here
  1298  	// by adding a final Bug [2]uint16 field to the struct and then
  1299  	// adjusting the fields in the result directly.
  1300  	var data1 win32finddata1
  1301  	handle, err = findFirstFile1(name, &data1)
  1302  	if err == nil {
  1303  		copyFindData(data, &data1)
  1304  	}
  1305  	return
  1306  }
  1307  
  1308  func FindNextFile(handle Handle, data *Win32finddata) (err error) {
  1309  	var data1 win32finddata1
  1310  	err = findNextFile1(handle, &data1)
  1311  	if err == nil {
  1312  		copyFindData(data, &data1)
  1313  	}
  1314  	return
  1315  }
  1316  
  1317  func getProcessEntry(pid int) (*ProcessEntry32, error) {
  1318  	snapshot, err := CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0)
  1319  	if err != nil {
  1320  		return nil, err
  1321  	}
  1322  	defer CloseHandle(snapshot)
  1323  	var procEntry ProcessEntry32
  1324  	procEntry.Size = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(procEntry))
  1325  	if err = Process32First(snapshot, &procEntry); err != nil {
  1326  		return nil, err
  1327  	}
  1328  	for {
  1329  		if procEntry.ProcessID == uint32(pid) {
  1330  			return &procEntry, nil
  1331  		}
  1332  		err = Process32Next(snapshot, &procEntry)
  1333  		if err != nil {
  1334  			return nil, err
  1335  		}
  1336  	}
  1337  }
  1338  
  1339  func Getppid() (ppid int) {
  1340  	pe, err := getProcessEntry(Getpid())
  1341  	if err != nil {
  1342  		return -1
  1343  	}
  1344  	return int(pe.ParentProcessID)
  1345  }
  1346  
  1347  // TODO(brainman): fix all needed for os
  1348  func Fchdir(fd Handle) (err error)             { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1349  func Link(oldpath, newpath string) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1350  func Symlink(path, link string) (err error)    { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1351  
  1352  func Fchmod(fd Handle, mode uint32) (err error)        { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1353  func Chown(path string, uid int, gid int) (err error)  { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1354  func Lchown(path string, uid int, gid int) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1355  func Fchown(fd Handle, uid int, gid int) (err error)   { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1356  
  1357  func Getuid() (uid int)                  { return -1 }
  1358  func Geteuid() (euid int)                { return -1 }
  1359  func Getgid() (gid int)                  { return -1 }
  1360  func Getegid() (egid int)                { return -1 }
  1361  func Getgroups() (gids []int, err error) { return nil, syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1362  
  1363  type Signal int
  1364  
  1365  func (s Signal) Signal() {}
  1366  
  1367  func (s Signal) String() string {
  1368  	if 0 <= s && int(s) < len(signals) {
  1369  		str := signals[s]
  1370  		if str != "" {
  1371  			return str
  1372  		}
  1373  	}
  1374  	return "signal " + itoa(int(s))
  1375  }
  1376  
  1377  func LoadCreateSymbolicLink() error {
  1378  	return procCreateSymbolicLinkW.Find()
  1379  }
  1380  
  1381  // Readlink returns the destination of the named symbolic link.
  1382  func Readlink(path string, buf []byte) (n int, err error) {
  1383  	fd, err := CreateFile(StringToUTF16Ptr(path), GENERIC_READ, 0, nil, OPEN_EXISTING,
  1384  		FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT|FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
  1385  	if err != nil {
  1386  		return -1, err
  1387  	}
  1388  	defer CloseHandle(fd)
  1389  
  1390  	rdbbuf := make([]byte, MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE)
  1391  	var bytesReturned uint32
  1392  	err = DeviceIoControl(fd, FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT, nil, 0, &rdbbuf[0], uint32(len(rdbbuf)), &bytesReturned, nil)
  1393  	if err != nil {
  1394  		return -1, err
  1395  	}
  1396  
  1397  	rdb := (*reparseDataBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdbbuf[0]))
  1398  	var s string
  1399  	switch rdb.ReparseTag {
  1400  	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK:
  1401  		data := (*symbolicLinkReparseBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdb.reparseBuffer))
  1402  		p := (*[0xffff]uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&data.PathBuffer[0]))
  1403  		s = UTF16ToString(p[data.PrintNameOffset/2 : (data.PrintNameLength-data.PrintNameOffset)/2])
  1404  	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT:
  1405  		data := (*mountPointReparseBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdb.reparseBuffer))
  1406  		p := (*[0xffff]uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&data.PathBuffer[0]))
  1407  		s = UTF16ToString(p[data.PrintNameOffset/2 : (data.PrintNameLength-data.PrintNameOffset)/2])
  1408  	default:
  1409  		// the path is not a symlink or junction but another type of reparse
  1410  		// point
  1411  		return -1, syscall.ENOENT
  1412  	}
  1413  	n = copy(buf, []byte(s))
  1414  
  1415  	return n, nil
  1416  }
  1417  
  1418  // GUIDFromString parses a string in the form of
  1419  // "{XXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX}" into a GUID.
  1420  func GUIDFromString(str string) (GUID, error) {
  1421  	guid := GUID{}
  1422  	str16, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(str)
  1423  	if err != nil {
  1424  		return guid, err
  1425  	}
  1426  	err = clsidFromString(str16, &guid)
  1427  	if err != nil {
  1428  		return guid, err
  1429  	}
  1430  	return guid, nil
  1431  }
  1432  
  1433  // GenerateGUID creates a new random GUID.
  1434  func GenerateGUID() (GUID, error) {
  1435  	guid := GUID{}
  1436  	err := coCreateGuid(&guid)
  1437  	if err != nil {
  1438  		return guid, err
  1439  	}
  1440  	return guid, nil
  1441  }
  1442  
  1443  // String returns the canonical string form of the GUID,
  1444  // in the form of "{XXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX}".
  1445  func (guid GUID) String() string {
  1446  	var str [100]uint16
  1447  	chars := stringFromGUID2(&guid, &str[0], int32(len(str)))
  1448  	if chars <= 1 {
  1449  		return ""
  1450  	}
  1451  	return string(utf16.Decode(str[:chars-1]))
  1452  }
  1453  
  1454  // KnownFolderPath returns a well-known folder path for the current user, specified by one of
  1455  // the FOLDERID_ constants, and chosen and optionally created based on a KF_ flag.
  1456  func KnownFolderPath(folderID *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32) (string, error) {
  1457  	return Token(0).KnownFolderPath(folderID, flags)
  1458  }
  1459  
  1460  // KnownFolderPath returns a well-known folder path for the user token, specified by one of
  1461  // the FOLDERID_ constants, and chosen and optionally created based on a KF_ flag.
  1462  func (t Token) KnownFolderPath(folderID *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32) (string, error) {
  1463  	var p *uint16
  1464  	err := shGetKnownFolderPath(folderID, flags, t, &p)
  1465  	if err != nil {
  1466  		return "", err
  1467  	}
  1468  	defer CoTaskMemFree(unsafe.Pointer(p))
  1469  	return UTF16PtrToString(p), nil
  1470  }
  1471  
  1472  // RtlGetVersion returns the version of the underlying operating system, ignoring
  1473  // manifest semantics but is affected by the application compatibility layer.
  1474  func RtlGetVersion() *OsVersionInfoEx {
  1475  	info := &OsVersionInfoEx{}
  1476  	info.osVersionInfoSize = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(*info))
  1477  	// According to documentation, this function always succeeds.
  1478  	// The function doesn't even check the validity of the
  1479  	// osVersionInfoSize member. Disassembling ntdll.dll indicates
  1480  	// that the documentation is indeed correct about that.
  1481  	_ = rtlGetVersion(info)
  1482  	return info
  1483  }
  1484  
  1485  // RtlGetNtVersionNumbers returns the version of the underlying operating system,
  1486  // ignoring manifest semantics and the application compatibility layer.
  1487  func RtlGetNtVersionNumbers() (majorVersion, minorVersion, buildNumber uint32) {
  1488  	rtlGetNtVersionNumbers(&majorVersion, &minorVersion, &buildNumber)
  1489  	buildNumber &= 0xffff
  1490  	return
  1491  }
  1492  
  1493  // GetProcessPreferredUILanguages retrieves the process preferred UI languages.
  1494  func GetProcessPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
  1495  	return getUILanguages(flags, getProcessPreferredUILanguages)
  1496  }
  1497  
  1498  // GetThreadPreferredUILanguages retrieves the thread preferred UI languages for the current thread.
  1499  func GetThreadPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
  1500  	return getUILanguages(flags, getThreadPreferredUILanguages)
  1501  }
  1502  
  1503  // GetUserPreferredUILanguages retrieves information about the user preferred UI languages.
  1504  func GetUserPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
  1505  	return getUILanguages(flags, getUserPreferredUILanguages)
  1506  }
  1507  
  1508  // GetSystemPreferredUILanguages retrieves the system preferred UI languages.
  1509  func GetSystemPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
  1510  	return getUILanguages(flags, getSystemPreferredUILanguages)
  1511  }
  1512  
  1513  func getUILanguages(flags uint32, f func(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) error) ([]string, error) {
  1514  	size := uint32(128)
  1515  	for {
  1516  		var numLanguages uint32
  1517  		buf := make([]uint16, size)
  1518  		err := f(flags, &numLanguages, &buf[0], &size)
  1519  		if err == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER {
  1520  			continue
  1521  		}
  1522  		if err != nil {
  1523  			return nil, err
  1524  		}
  1525  		buf = buf[:size]
  1526  		if numLanguages == 0 || len(buf) == 0 { // GetProcessPreferredUILanguages may return numLanguages==0 with "\0\0"
  1527  			return []string{}, nil
  1528  		}
  1529  		if buf[len(buf)-1] == 0 {
  1530  			buf = buf[:len(buf)-1] // remove terminating null
  1531  		}
  1532  		languages := make([]string, 0, numLanguages)
  1533  		from := 0
  1534  		for i, c := range buf {
  1535  			if c == 0 {
  1536  				languages = append(languages, string(utf16.Decode(buf[from:i])))
  1537  				from = i + 1
  1538  			}
  1539  		}
  1540  		return languages, nil
  1541  	}
  1542  }
  1543  
  1544  func SetConsoleCursorPosition(console Handle, position Coord) error {
  1545  	return setConsoleCursorPosition(console, *((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&position))))
  1546  }
  1547  
  1548  func (s NTStatus) Errno() syscall.Errno {
  1549  	return rtlNtStatusToDosErrorNoTeb(s)
  1550  }
  1551  
  1552  func langID(pri, sub uint16) uint32 { return uint32(sub)<<10 | uint32(pri) }
  1553  
  1554  func (s NTStatus) Error() string {
  1555  	b := make([]uint16, 300)
  1556  	n, err := FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM|FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE|FORMAT_MESSAGE_ARGUMENT_ARRAY, modntdll.Handle(), uint32(s), langID(LANG_ENGLISH, SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US), b, nil)
  1557  	if err != nil {
  1558  		return fmt.Sprintf("NTSTATUS 0x%08x", uint32(s))
  1559  	}
  1560  	// trim terminating \r and \n
  1561  	for ; n > 0 && (b[n-1] == '\n' || b[n-1] == '\r'); n-- {
  1562  	}
  1563  	return string(utf16.Decode(b[:n]))
  1564  }
  1565  
  1566  // NewNTUnicodeString returns a new NTUnicodeString structure for use with native
  1567  // NT APIs that work over the NTUnicodeString type. Note that most Windows APIs
  1568  // do not use NTUnicodeString, and instead UTF16PtrFromString should be used for
  1569  // the more common *uint16 string type.
  1570  func NewNTUnicodeString(s string) (*NTUnicodeString, error) {
  1571  	var u NTUnicodeString
  1572  	s16, err := UTF16PtrFromString(s)
  1573  	if err != nil {
  1574  		return nil, err
  1575  	}
  1576  	RtlInitUnicodeString(&u, s16)
  1577  	return &u, nil
  1578  }
  1579  
  1580  // Slice returns a uint16 slice that aliases the data in the NTUnicodeString.
  1581  func (s *NTUnicodeString) Slice() []uint16 {
  1582  	var slice []uint16
  1583  	hdr := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&slice))
  1584  	hdr.Data = unsafe.Pointer(s.Buffer)
  1585  	hdr.Len = int(s.Length)
  1586  	hdr.Cap = int(s.MaximumLength)
  1587  	return slice
  1588  }
  1589  
  1590  func (s *NTUnicodeString) String() string {
  1591  	return UTF16ToString(s.Slice())
  1592  }
  1593  
  1594  // NewNTString returns a new NTString structure for use with native
  1595  // NT APIs that work over the NTString type. Note that most Windows APIs
  1596  // do not use NTString, and instead UTF16PtrFromString should be used for
  1597  // the more common *uint16 string type.
  1598  func NewNTString(s string) (*NTString, error) {
  1599  	var nts NTString
  1600  	s8, err := BytePtrFromString(s)
  1601  	if err != nil {
  1602  		return nil, err
  1603  	}
  1604  	RtlInitString(&nts, s8)
  1605  	return &nts, nil
  1606  }
  1607  
  1608  // Slice returns a byte slice that aliases the data in the NTString.
  1609  func (s *NTString) Slice() []byte {
  1610  	var slice []byte
  1611  	hdr := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&slice))
  1612  	hdr.Data = unsafe.Pointer(s.Buffer)
  1613  	hdr.Len = int(s.Length)
  1614  	hdr.Cap = int(s.MaximumLength)
  1615  	return slice
  1616  }
  1617  
  1618  func (s *NTString) String() string {
  1619  	return ByteSliceToString(s.Slice())
  1620  }
  1621  
  1622  // FindResource resolves a resource of the given name and resource type.
  1623  func FindResource(module Handle, name, resType ResourceIDOrString) (Handle, error) {
  1624  	var namePtr, resTypePtr uintptr
  1625  	var name16, resType16 *uint16
  1626  	var err error
  1627  	resolvePtr := func(i interface{}, keep **uint16) (uintptr, error) {
  1628  		switch v := i.(type) {
  1629  		case string:
  1630  			*keep, err = UTF16PtrFromString(v)
  1631  			if err != nil {
  1632  				return 0, err
  1633  			}
  1634  			return uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(*keep)), nil
  1635  		case ResourceID:
  1636  			return uintptr(v), nil
  1637  		}
  1638  		return 0, errorspkg.New("parameter must be a ResourceID or a string")
  1639  	}
  1640  	namePtr, err = resolvePtr(name, &name16)
  1641  	if err != nil {
  1642  		return 0, err
  1643  	}
  1644  	resTypePtr, err = resolvePtr(resType, &resType16)
  1645  	if err != nil {
  1646  		return 0, err
  1647  	}
  1648  	resInfo, err := findResource(module, namePtr, resTypePtr)
  1649  	runtime.KeepAlive(name16)
  1650  	runtime.KeepAlive(resType16)
  1651  	return resInfo, err
  1652  }
  1653  
  1654  func LoadResourceData(module, resInfo Handle) (data []byte, err error) {
  1655  	size, err := SizeofResource(module, resInfo)
  1656  	if err != nil {
  1657  		return
  1658  	}
  1659  	resData, err := LoadResource(module, resInfo)
  1660  	if err != nil {
  1661  		return
  1662  	}
  1663  	ptr, err := LockResource(resData)
  1664  	if err != nil {
  1665  		return
  1666  	}
  1667  	h := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&data))
  1668  	h.Data = unsafe.Pointer(ptr)
  1669  	h.Len = int(size)
  1670  	h.Cap = int(size)
  1671  	return
  1672  }