github.com/MetalBlockchain/subnet-evm@v0.4.9/core/vm/jump_table.go (about)

     1  // (c) 2019-2020, Ava Labs, Inc.
     2  //
     3  // This file is a derived work, based on the go-ethereum library whose original
     4  // notices appear below.
     5  //
     6  // It is distributed under a license compatible with the licensing terms of the
     7  // original code from which it is derived.
     8  //
     9  // Much love to the original authors for their work.
    10  // **********
    11  // Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
    12  // This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
    13  //
    14  // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    15  // it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
    16  // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    17  // (at your option) any later version.
    18  //
    19  // The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    20  // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    21  // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
    22  // GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
    23  //
    24  // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
    25  // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
    26  
    27  package vm
    28  
    29  import (
    30  	"fmt"
    31  
    32  	"github.com/MetalBlockchain/subnet-evm/params"
    33  )
    34  
    35  type (
    36  	executionFunc func(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, callContext *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error)
    37  	gasFunc       func(*EVM, *Contract, *Stack, *Memory, uint64) (uint64, error) // last parameter is the requested memory size as a uint64
    38  	// memorySizeFunc returns the required size, and whether the operation overflowed a uint64
    39  	memorySizeFunc func(*Stack) (size uint64, overflow bool)
    40  )
    41  
    42  type operation struct {
    43  	// execute is the operation function
    44  	execute     executionFunc
    45  	constantGas uint64
    46  	dynamicGas  gasFunc
    47  	// minStack tells how many stack items are required
    48  	minStack int
    49  	// maxStack specifies the max length the stack can have for this operation
    50  	// to not overflow the stack.
    51  	maxStack int
    52  
    53  	// memorySize returns the memory size required for the operation
    54  	memorySize memorySizeFunc
    55  }
    56  
    57  var (
    58  	frontierInstructionSet         = newFrontierInstructionSet()
    59  	homesteadInstructionSet        = newHomesteadInstructionSet()
    60  	tangerineWhistleInstructionSet = newTangerineWhistleInstructionSet()
    61  	spuriousDragonInstructionSet   = newSpuriousDragonInstructionSet()
    62  	byzantiumInstructionSet        = newByzantiumInstructionSet()
    63  	constantinopleInstructionSet   = newConstantinopleInstructionSet()
    64  	istanbulInstructionSet         = newIstanbulInstructionSet()
    65  	subnetEVMInstructionSet        = newSubnetEVMInstructionSet()
    66  )
    67  
    68  // JumpTable contains the EVM opcodes supported at a given fork.
    69  type JumpTable [256]*operation
    70  
    71  // newSubnetEVMInstructionSet returns the frontier, homestead, byzantium,
    72  // contantinople, istanbul, petersburg, subnet-evm instructions.
    73  func newSubnetEVMInstructionSet() JumpTable {
    74  	instructionSet := newIstanbulInstructionSet()
    75  	enable2929(&instructionSet)
    76  	enable3198(&instructionSet) // Base fee opcode https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3198
    77  	return validate(instructionSet)
    78  }
    79  
    80  func validate(jt JumpTable) JumpTable {
    81  	for i, op := range jt {
    82  		if op == nil {
    83  			panic(fmt.Sprintf("op %#x is not set", i))
    84  		}
    85  		// The interpreter has an assumption that if the memorySize function is
    86  		// set, then the dynamicGas function is also set. This is a somewhat
    87  		// arbitrary assumption, and can be removed if we need to -- but it
    88  		// allows us to avoid a condition check. As long as we have that assumption
    89  		// in there, this little sanity check prevents us from merging in a
    90  		// change which violates it.
    91  		if op.memorySize != nil && op.dynamicGas == nil {
    92  			panic(fmt.Sprintf("op %v has dynamic memory but not dynamic gas", OpCode(i).String()))
    93  		}
    94  	}
    95  	return jt
    96  }
    97  
    98  // newIstanbulInstructionSet returns the frontier,
    99  // homestead, byzantium, contantinople and petersburg instructions.
   100  func newIstanbulInstructionSet() JumpTable {
   101  	instructionSet := newConstantinopleInstructionSet()
   102  
   103  	enable1344(&instructionSet) // ChainID opcode - https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1344
   104  	enable1884(&instructionSet) // Reprice reader opcodes - https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884
   105  	enable2200(&instructionSet) // Net metered SSTORE - https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200
   106  
   107  	return validate(instructionSet)
   108  }
   109  
   110  // newConstantinopleInstructionSet returns the frontier, homestead,
   111  // byzantium and contantinople instructions.
   112  func newConstantinopleInstructionSet() JumpTable {
   113  	instructionSet := newByzantiumInstructionSet()
   114  	instructionSet[SHL] = &operation{
   115  		execute:     opSHL,
   116  		constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   117  		minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   118  		maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   119  	}
   120  	instructionSet[SHR] = &operation{
   121  		execute:     opSHR,
   122  		constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   123  		minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   124  		maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   125  	}
   126  	instructionSet[SAR] = &operation{
   127  		execute:     opSAR,
   128  		constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   129  		minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   130  		maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   131  	}
   132  	instructionSet[EXTCODEHASH] = &operation{
   133  		execute:     opExtCodeHash,
   134  		constantGas: params.ExtcodeHashGasConstantinople,
   135  		minStack:    minStack(1, 1),
   136  		maxStack:    maxStack(1, 1),
   137  	}
   138  	instructionSet[CREATE2] = &operation{
   139  		execute:     opCreate2,
   140  		constantGas: params.Create2Gas,
   141  		dynamicGas:  gasCreate2,
   142  		minStack:    minStack(4, 1),
   143  		maxStack:    maxStack(4, 1),
   144  		memorySize:  memoryCreate2,
   145  	}
   146  	return validate(instructionSet)
   147  }
   148  
   149  // newByzantiumInstructionSet returns the frontier, homestead and
   150  // byzantium instructions.
   151  func newByzantiumInstructionSet() JumpTable {
   152  	instructionSet := newSpuriousDragonInstructionSet()
   153  	instructionSet[STATICCALL] = &operation{
   154  		execute:     opStaticCall,
   155  		constantGas: params.CallGasEIP150,
   156  		dynamicGas:  gasStaticCall,
   157  		minStack:    minStack(6, 1),
   158  		maxStack:    maxStack(6, 1),
   159  		memorySize:  memoryStaticCall,
   160  	}
   161  	instructionSet[RETURNDATASIZE] = &operation{
   162  		execute:     opReturnDataSize,
   163  		constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   164  		minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   165  		maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   166  	}
   167  	instructionSet[RETURNDATACOPY] = &operation{
   168  		execute:     opReturnDataCopy,
   169  		constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   170  		dynamicGas:  gasReturnDataCopy,
   171  		minStack:    minStack(3, 0),
   172  		maxStack:    maxStack(3, 0),
   173  		memorySize:  memoryReturnDataCopy,
   174  	}
   175  	instructionSet[REVERT] = &operation{
   176  		execute:    opRevert,
   177  		dynamicGas: gasRevert,
   178  		minStack:   minStack(2, 0),
   179  		maxStack:   maxStack(2, 0),
   180  		memorySize: memoryRevert,
   181  	}
   182  	return validate(instructionSet)
   183  }
   184  
   185  // EIP 158 a.k.a Spurious Dragon
   186  func newSpuriousDragonInstructionSet() JumpTable {
   187  	instructionSet := newTangerineWhistleInstructionSet()
   188  	instructionSet[EXP].dynamicGas = gasExpEIP158
   189  	return validate(instructionSet)
   190  }
   191  
   192  // EIP 150 a.k.a Tangerine Whistle
   193  func newTangerineWhistleInstructionSet() JumpTable {
   194  	instructionSet := newHomesteadInstructionSet()
   195  	instructionSet[BALANCE].constantGas = params.BalanceGasEIP150
   196  	instructionSet[EXTCODESIZE].constantGas = params.ExtcodeSizeGasEIP150
   197  	instructionSet[SLOAD].constantGas = params.SloadGasEIP150
   198  	instructionSet[EXTCODECOPY].constantGas = params.ExtcodeCopyBaseEIP150
   199  	instructionSet[CALL].constantGas = params.CallGasEIP150
   200  	instructionSet[CALLCODE].constantGas = params.CallGasEIP150
   201  	instructionSet[DELEGATECALL].constantGas = params.CallGasEIP150
   202  	return validate(instructionSet)
   203  }
   204  
   205  // newHomesteadInstructionSet returns the frontier and homestead
   206  // instructions that can be executed during the homestead phase.
   207  func newHomesteadInstructionSet() JumpTable {
   208  	instructionSet := newFrontierInstructionSet()
   209  	instructionSet[DELEGATECALL] = &operation{
   210  		execute:     opDelegateCall,
   211  		dynamicGas:  gasDelegateCall,
   212  		constantGas: params.CallGasFrontier,
   213  		minStack:    minStack(6, 1),
   214  		maxStack:    maxStack(6, 1),
   215  		memorySize:  memoryDelegateCall,
   216  	}
   217  	return validate(instructionSet)
   218  }
   219  
   220  // newFrontierInstructionSet returns the frontier instructions
   221  // that can be executed during the frontier phase.
   222  func newFrontierInstructionSet() JumpTable {
   223  	tbl := JumpTable{
   224  		STOP: {
   225  			execute:     opStop,
   226  			constantGas: 0,
   227  			minStack:    minStack(0, 0),
   228  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 0),
   229  		},
   230  		ADD: {
   231  			execute:     opAdd,
   232  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   233  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   234  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   235  		},
   236  		MUL: {
   237  			execute:     opMul,
   238  			constantGas: GasFastStep,
   239  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   240  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   241  		},
   242  		SUB: {
   243  			execute:     opSub,
   244  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   245  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   246  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   247  		},
   248  		DIV: {
   249  			execute:     opDiv,
   250  			constantGas: GasFastStep,
   251  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   252  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   253  		},
   254  		SDIV: {
   255  			execute:     opSdiv,
   256  			constantGas: GasFastStep,
   257  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   258  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   259  		},
   260  		MOD: {
   261  			execute:     opMod,
   262  			constantGas: GasFastStep,
   263  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   264  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   265  		},
   266  		SMOD: {
   267  			execute:     opSmod,
   268  			constantGas: GasFastStep,
   269  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   270  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   271  		},
   272  		ADDMOD: {
   273  			execute:     opAddmod,
   274  			constantGas: GasMidStep,
   275  			minStack:    minStack(3, 1),
   276  			maxStack:    maxStack(3, 1),
   277  		},
   278  		MULMOD: {
   279  			execute:     opMulmod,
   280  			constantGas: GasMidStep,
   281  			minStack:    minStack(3, 1),
   282  			maxStack:    maxStack(3, 1),
   283  		},
   284  		EXP: {
   285  			execute:    opExp,
   286  			dynamicGas: gasExpFrontier,
   287  			minStack:   minStack(2, 1),
   288  			maxStack:   maxStack(2, 1),
   289  		},
   290  		SIGNEXTEND: {
   291  			execute:     opSignExtend,
   292  			constantGas: GasFastStep,
   293  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   294  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   295  		},
   296  		LT: {
   297  			execute:     opLt,
   298  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   299  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   300  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   301  		},
   302  		GT: {
   303  			execute:     opGt,
   304  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   305  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   306  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   307  		},
   308  		SLT: {
   309  			execute:     opSlt,
   310  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   311  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   312  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   313  		},
   314  		SGT: {
   315  			execute:     opSgt,
   316  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   317  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   318  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   319  		},
   320  		EQ: {
   321  			execute:     opEq,
   322  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   323  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   324  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   325  		},
   326  		ISZERO: {
   327  			execute:     opIszero,
   328  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   329  			minStack:    minStack(1, 1),
   330  			maxStack:    maxStack(1, 1),
   331  		},
   332  		AND: {
   333  			execute:     opAnd,
   334  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   335  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   336  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   337  		},
   338  		XOR: {
   339  			execute:     opXor,
   340  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   341  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   342  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   343  		},
   344  		OR: {
   345  			execute:     opOr,
   346  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   347  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   348  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   349  		},
   350  		NOT: {
   351  			execute:     opNot,
   352  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   353  			minStack:    minStack(1, 1),
   354  			maxStack:    maxStack(1, 1),
   355  		},
   356  		BYTE: {
   357  			execute:     opByte,
   358  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   359  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   360  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   361  		},
   362  		KECCAK256: {
   363  			execute:     opKeccak256,
   364  			constantGas: params.Keccak256Gas,
   365  			dynamicGas:  gasKeccak256,
   366  			minStack:    minStack(2, 1),
   367  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 1),
   368  			memorySize:  memoryKeccak256,
   369  		},
   370  		ADDRESS: {
   371  			execute:     opAddress,
   372  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   373  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   374  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   375  		},
   376  		BALANCE: {
   377  			execute:     opBalance,
   378  			constantGas: params.BalanceGasFrontier,
   379  			minStack:    minStack(1, 1),
   380  			maxStack:    maxStack(1, 1),
   381  		},
   382  		ORIGIN: {
   383  			execute:     opOrigin,
   384  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   385  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   386  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   387  		},
   388  		CALLER: {
   389  			execute:     opCaller,
   390  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   391  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   392  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   393  		},
   394  		CALLVALUE: {
   395  			execute:     opCallValue,
   396  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   397  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   398  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   399  		},
   400  		CALLDATALOAD: {
   401  			execute:     opCallDataLoad,
   402  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   403  			minStack:    minStack(1, 1),
   404  			maxStack:    maxStack(1, 1),
   405  		},
   406  		CALLDATASIZE: {
   407  			execute:     opCallDataSize,
   408  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   409  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   410  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   411  		},
   412  		CALLDATACOPY: {
   413  			execute:     opCallDataCopy,
   414  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   415  			dynamicGas:  gasCallDataCopy,
   416  			minStack:    minStack(3, 0),
   417  			maxStack:    maxStack(3, 0),
   418  			memorySize:  memoryCallDataCopy,
   419  		},
   420  		CODESIZE: {
   421  			execute:     opCodeSize,
   422  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   423  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   424  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   425  		},
   426  		CODECOPY: {
   427  			execute:     opCodeCopy,
   428  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   429  			dynamicGas:  gasCodeCopy,
   430  			minStack:    minStack(3, 0),
   431  			maxStack:    maxStack(3, 0),
   432  			memorySize:  memoryCodeCopy,
   433  		},
   434  		GASPRICE: {
   435  			execute:     opGasprice,
   436  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   437  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   438  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   439  		},
   440  		EXTCODESIZE: {
   441  			execute:     opExtCodeSize,
   442  			constantGas: params.ExtcodeSizeGasFrontier,
   443  			minStack:    minStack(1, 1),
   444  			maxStack:    maxStack(1, 1),
   445  		},
   446  		EXTCODECOPY: {
   447  			execute:     opExtCodeCopy,
   448  			constantGas: params.ExtcodeCopyBaseFrontier,
   449  			dynamicGas:  gasExtCodeCopy,
   450  			minStack:    minStack(4, 0),
   451  			maxStack:    maxStack(4, 0),
   452  			memorySize:  memoryExtCodeCopy,
   453  		},
   454  		BLOCKHASH: {
   455  			execute:     opBlockhash,
   456  			constantGas: GasExtStep,
   457  			minStack:    minStack(1, 1),
   458  			maxStack:    maxStack(1, 1),
   459  		},
   460  		COINBASE: {
   461  			execute:     opCoinbase,
   462  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   463  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   464  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   465  		},
   466  		TIMESTAMP: {
   467  			execute:     opTimestamp,
   468  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   469  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   470  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   471  		},
   472  		NUMBER: {
   473  			execute:     opNumber,
   474  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   475  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   476  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   477  		},
   478  		DIFFICULTY: {
   479  			execute:     opDifficulty,
   480  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   481  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   482  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   483  		},
   484  		GASLIMIT: {
   485  			execute:     opGasLimit,
   486  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   487  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   488  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   489  		},
   490  		POP: {
   491  			execute:     opPop,
   492  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   493  			minStack:    minStack(1, 0),
   494  			maxStack:    maxStack(1, 0),
   495  		},
   496  		MLOAD: {
   497  			execute:     opMload,
   498  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   499  			dynamicGas:  gasMLoad,
   500  			minStack:    minStack(1, 1),
   501  			maxStack:    maxStack(1, 1),
   502  			memorySize:  memoryMLoad,
   503  		},
   504  		MSTORE: {
   505  			execute:     opMstore,
   506  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   507  			dynamicGas:  gasMStore,
   508  			minStack:    minStack(2, 0),
   509  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 0),
   510  			memorySize:  memoryMStore,
   511  		},
   512  		MSTORE8: {
   513  			execute:     opMstore8,
   514  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   515  			dynamicGas:  gasMStore8,
   516  			memorySize:  memoryMStore8,
   517  			minStack:    minStack(2, 0),
   518  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 0),
   519  		},
   520  		SLOAD: {
   521  			execute:     opSload,
   522  			constantGas: params.SloadGasFrontier,
   523  			minStack:    minStack(1, 1),
   524  			maxStack:    maxStack(1, 1),
   525  		},
   526  		SSTORE: {
   527  			execute:    opSstore,
   528  			dynamicGas: gasSStore,
   529  			minStack:   minStack(2, 0),
   530  			maxStack:   maxStack(2, 0),
   531  		},
   532  		JUMP: {
   533  			execute:     opJump,
   534  			constantGas: GasMidStep,
   535  			minStack:    minStack(1, 0),
   536  			maxStack:    maxStack(1, 0),
   537  		},
   538  		JUMPI: {
   539  			execute:     opJumpi,
   540  			constantGas: GasSlowStep,
   541  			minStack:    minStack(2, 0),
   542  			maxStack:    maxStack(2, 0),
   543  		},
   544  		PC: {
   545  			execute:     opPc,
   546  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   547  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   548  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   549  		},
   550  		MSIZE: {
   551  			execute:     opMsize,
   552  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   553  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   554  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   555  		},
   556  		GAS: {
   557  			execute:     opGas,
   558  			constantGas: GasQuickStep,
   559  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   560  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   561  		},
   562  		JUMPDEST: {
   563  			execute:     opJumpdest,
   564  			constantGas: params.JumpdestGas,
   565  			minStack:    minStack(0, 0),
   566  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 0),
   567  		},
   568  		PUSH1: {
   569  			execute:     opPush1,
   570  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   571  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   572  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   573  		},
   574  		PUSH2: {
   575  			execute:     makePush(2, 2),
   576  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   577  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   578  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   579  		},
   580  		PUSH3: {
   581  			execute:     makePush(3, 3),
   582  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   583  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   584  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   585  		},
   586  		PUSH4: {
   587  			execute:     makePush(4, 4),
   588  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   589  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   590  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   591  		},
   592  		PUSH5: {
   593  			execute:     makePush(5, 5),
   594  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   595  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   596  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   597  		},
   598  		PUSH6: {
   599  			execute:     makePush(6, 6),
   600  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   601  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   602  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   603  		},
   604  		PUSH7: {
   605  			execute:     makePush(7, 7),
   606  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   607  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   608  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   609  		},
   610  		PUSH8: {
   611  			execute:     makePush(8, 8),
   612  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   613  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   614  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   615  		},
   616  		PUSH9: {
   617  			execute:     makePush(9, 9),
   618  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   619  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   620  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   621  		},
   622  		PUSH10: {
   623  			execute:     makePush(10, 10),
   624  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   625  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   626  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   627  		},
   628  		PUSH11: {
   629  			execute:     makePush(11, 11),
   630  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   631  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   632  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   633  		},
   634  		PUSH12: {
   635  			execute:     makePush(12, 12),
   636  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   637  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   638  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   639  		},
   640  		PUSH13: {
   641  			execute:     makePush(13, 13),
   642  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   643  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   644  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   645  		},
   646  		PUSH14: {
   647  			execute:     makePush(14, 14),
   648  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   649  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   650  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   651  		},
   652  		PUSH15: {
   653  			execute:     makePush(15, 15),
   654  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   655  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   656  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   657  		},
   658  		PUSH16: {
   659  			execute:     makePush(16, 16),
   660  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   661  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   662  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   663  		},
   664  		PUSH17: {
   665  			execute:     makePush(17, 17),
   666  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   667  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   668  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   669  		},
   670  		PUSH18: {
   671  			execute:     makePush(18, 18),
   672  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   673  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   674  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   675  		},
   676  		PUSH19: {
   677  			execute:     makePush(19, 19),
   678  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   679  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   680  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   681  		},
   682  		PUSH20: {
   683  			execute:     makePush(20, 20),
   684  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   685  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   686  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   687  		},
   688  		PUSH21: {
   689  			execute:     makePush(21, 21),
   690  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   691  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   692  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   693  		},
   694  		PUSH22: {
   695  			execute:     makePush(22, 22),
   696  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   697  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   698  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   699  		},
   700  		PUSH23: {
   701  			execute:     makePush(23, 23),
   702  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   703  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   704  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   705  		},
   706  		PUSH24: {
   707  			execute:     makePush(24, 24),
   708  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   709  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   710  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   711  		},
   712  		PUSH25: {
   713  			execute:     makePush(25, 25),
   714  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   715  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   716  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   717  		},
   718  		PUSH26: {
   719  			execute:     makePush(26, 26),
   720  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   721  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   722  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   723  		},
   724  		PUSH27: {
   725  			execute:     makePush(27, 27),
   726  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   727  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   728  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   729  		},
   730  		PUSH28: {
   731  			execute:     makePush(28, 28),
   732  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   733  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   734  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   735  		},
   736  		PUSH29: {
   737  			execute:     makePush(29, 29),
   738  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   739  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   740  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   741  		},
   742  		PUSH30: {
   743  			execute:     makePush(30, 30),
   744  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   745  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   746  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   747  		},
   748  		PUSH31: {
   749  			execute:     makePush(31, 31),
   750  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   751  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   752  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   753  		},
   754  		PUSH32: {
   755  			execute:     makePush(32, 32),
   756  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   757  			minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
   758  			maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
   759  		},
   760  		DUP1: {
   761  			execute:     makeDup(1),
   762  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   763  			minStack:    minDupStack(1),
   764  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(1),
   765  		},
   766  		DUP2: {
   767  			execute:     makeDup(2),
   768  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   769  			minStack:    minDupStack(2),
   770  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(2),
   771  		},
   772  		DUP3: {
   773  			execute:     makeDup(3),
   774  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   775  			minStack:    minDupStack(3),
   776  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(3),
   777  		},
   778  		DUP4: {
   779  			execute:     makeDup(4),
   780  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   781  			minStack:    minDupStack(4),
   782  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(4),
   783  		},
   784  		DUP5: {
   785  			execute:     makeDup(5),
   786  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   787  			minStack:    minDupStack(5),
   788  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(5),
   789  		},
   790  		DUP6: {
   791  			execute:     makeDup(6),
   792  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   793  			minStack:    minDupStack(6),
   794  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(6),
   795  		},
   796  		DUP7: {
   797  			execute:     makeDup(7),
   798  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   799  			minStack:    minDupStack(7),
   800  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(7),
   801  		},
   802  		DUP8: {
   803  			execute:     makeDup(8),
   804  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   805  			minStack:    minDupStack(8),
   806  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(8),
   807  		},
   808  		DUP9: {
   809  			execute:     makeDup(9),
   810  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   811  			minStack:    minDupStack(9),
   812  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(9),
   813  		},
   814  		DUP10: {
   815  			execute:     makeDup(10),
   816  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   817  			minStack:    minDupStack(10),
   818  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(10),
   819  		},
   820  		DUP11: {
   821  			execute:     makeDup(11),
   822  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   823  			minStack:    minDupStack(11),
   824  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(11),
   825  		},
   826  		DUP12: {
   827  			execute:     makeDup(12),
   828  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   829  			minStack:    minDupStack(12),
   830  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(12),
   831  		},
   832  		DUP13: {
   833  			execute:     makeDup(13),
   834  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   835  			minStack:    minDupStack(13),
   836  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(13),
   837  		},
   838  		DUP14: {
   839  			execute:     makeDup(14),
   840  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   841  			minStack:    minDupStack(14),
   842  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(14),
   843  		},
   844  		DUP15: {
   845  			execute:     makeDup(15),
   846  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   847  			minStack:    minDupStack(15),
   848  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(15),
   849  		},
   850  		DUP16: {
   851  			execute:     makeDup(16),
   852  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   853  			minStack:    minDupStack(16),
   854  			maxStack:    maxDupStack(16),
   855  		},
   856  		SWAP1: {
   857  			execute:     makeSwap(1),
   858  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   859  			minStack:    minSwapStack(2),
   860  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(2),
   861  		},
   862  		SWAP2: {
   863  			execute:     makeSwap(2),
   864  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   865  			minStack:    minSwapStack(3),
   866  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(3),
   867  		},
   868  		SWAP3: {
   869  			execute:     makeSwap(3),
   870  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   871  			minStack:    minSwapStack(4),
   872  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(4),
   873  		},
   874  		SWAP4: {
   875  			execute:     makeSwap(4),
   876  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   877  			minStack:    minSwapStack(5),
   878  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(5),
   879  		},
   880  		SWAP5: {
   881  			execute:     makeSwap(5),
   882  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   883  			minStack:    minSwapStack(6),
   884  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(6),
   885  		},
   886  		SWAP6: {
   887  			execute:     makeSwap(6),
   888  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   889  			minStack:    minSwapStack(7),
   890  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(7),
   891  		},
   892  		SWAP7: {
   893  			execute:     makeSwap(7),
   894  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   895  			minStack:    minSwapStack(8),
   896  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(8),
   897  		},
   898  		SWAP8: {
   899  			execute:     makeSwap(8),
   900  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   901  			minStack:    minSwapStack(9),
   902  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(9),
   903  		},
   904  		SWAP9: {
   905  			execute:     makeSwap(9),
   906  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   907  			minStack:    minSwapStack(10),
   908  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(10),
   909  		},
   910  		SWAP10: {
   911  			execute:     makeSwap(10),
   912  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   913  			minStack:    minSwapStack(11),
   914  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(11),
   915  		},
   916  		SWAP11: {
   917  			execute:     makeSwap(11),
   918  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   919  			minStack:    minSwapStack(12),
   920  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(12),
   921  		},
   922  		SWAP12: {
   923  			execute:     makeSwap(12),
   924  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   925  			minStack:    minSwapStack(13),
   926  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(13),
   927  		},
   928  		SWAP13: {
   929  			execute:     makeSwap(13),
   930  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   931  			minStack:    minSwapStack(14),
   932  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(14),
   933  		},
   934  		SWAP14: {
   935  			execute:     makeSwap(14),
   936  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   937  			minStack:    minSwapStack(15),
   938  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(15),
   939  		},
   940  		SWAP15: {
   941  			execute:     makeSwap(15),
   942  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   943  			minStack:    minSwapStack(16),
   944  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(16),
   945  		},
   946  		SWAP16: {
   947  			execute:     makeSwap(16),
   948  			constantGas: GasFastestStep,
   949  			minStack:    minSwapStack(17),
   950  			maxStack:    maxSwapStack(17),
   951  		},
   952  		LOG0: {
   953  			execute:    makeLog(0),
   954  			dynamicGas: makeGasLog(0),
   955  			minStack:   minStack(2, 0),
   956  			maxStack:   maxStack(2, 0),
   957  			memorySize: memoryLog,
   958  		},
   959  		LOG1: {
   960  			execute:    makeLog(1),
   961  			dynamicGas: makeGasLog(1),
   962  			minStack:   minStack(3, 0),
   963  			maxStack:   maxStack(3, 0),
   964  			memorySize: memoryLog,
   965  		},
   966  		LOG2: {
   967  			execute:    makeLog(2),
   968  			dynamicGas: makeGasLog(2),
   969  			minStack:   minStack(4, 0),
   970  			maxStack:   maxStack(4, 0),
   971  			memorySize: memoryLog,
   972  		},
   973  		LOG3: {
   974  			execute:    makeLog(3),
   975  			dynamicGas: makeGasLog(3),
   976  			minStack:   minStack(5, 0),
   977  			maxStack:   maxStack(5, 0),
   978  			memorySize: memoryLog,
   979  		},
   980  		LOG4: {
   981  			execute:    makeLog(4),
   982  			dynamicGas: makeGasLog(4),
   983  			minStack:   minStack(6, 0),
   984  			maxStack:   maxStack(6, 0),
   985  			memorySize: memoryLog,
   986  		},
   987  		CREATE: {
   988  			execute:     opCreate,
   989  			constantGas: params.CreateGas,
   990  			dynamicGas:  gasCreate,
   991  			minStack:    minStack(3, 1),
   992  			maxStack:    maxStack(3, 1),
   993  			memorySize:  memoryCreate,
   994  		},
   995  		CALL: {
   996  			execute:     opCall,
   997  			constantGas: params.CallGasFrontier,
   998  			dynamicGas:  gasCall,
   999  			minStack:    minStack(7, 1),
  1000  			maxStack:    maxStack(7, 1),
  1001  			memorySize:  memoryCall,
  1002  		},
  1003  		CALLCODE: {
  1004  			execute:     opCallCode,
  1005  			constantGas: params.CallGasFrontier,
  1006  			dynamicGas:  gasCallCode,
  1007  			minStack:    minStack(7, 1),
  1008  			maxStack:    maxStack(7, 1),
  1009  			memorySize:  memoryCall,
  1010  		},
  1011  		RETURN: {
  1012  			execute:    opReturn,
  1013  			dynamicGas: gasReturn,
  1014  			minStack:   minStack(2, 0),
  1015  			maxStack:   maxStack(2, 0),
  1016  			memorySize: memoryReturn,
  1017  		},
  1018  		SELFDESTRUCT: {
  1019  			execute:    opSelfdestruct,
  1020  			dynamicGas: gasSelfdestruct,
  1021  			minStack:   minStack(1, 0),
  1022  			maxStack:   maxStack(1, 0),
  1023  		},
  1024  	}
  1025  
  1026  	// Fill all unassigned slots with opUndefined.
  1027  	for i, entry := range tbl {
  1028  		if entry == nil {
  1029  			tbl[i] = &operation{execute: opUndefined, maxStack: maxStack(0, 0)}
  1030  		}
  1031  	}
  1032  
  1033  	return validate(tbl)
  1034  }