github.com/Shopify/docker@v1.13.1/contrib/mkimage/debootstrap

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e

rootfsDir="$1"
shift

# we have to do a little fancy footwork to make sure "rootfsDir" becomes the second non-option argument to debootstrap

before=()
while [ $# -gt 0 ] && [[ "$1" == -* ]]; do
	before+=( "$1" )
	shift
done

suite="$1"
shift

# get path to "chroot" in our current PATH
chrootPath="$(type -P chroot)"
rootfs_chroot() {
	# "chroot" doesn't set PATH, so we need to set it explicitly to something our new debootstrap chroot can use appropriately!

	# set PATH and chroot away!
	PATH='/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin' \
		"$chrootPath" "$rootfsDir" "$@"
}

# allow for DEBOOTSTRAP=qemu-debootstrap ./mkimage.sh ...
: ${DEBOOTSTRAP:=debootstrap}

(
	set -x
	$DEBOOTSTRAP "${before[@]}" "$suite" "$rootfsDir" "$@"
)

# now for some Docker-specific tweaks

# prevent init scripts from running during install/update
echo >&2 "+ echo exit 101 > '$rootfsDir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d'"
cat > "$rootfsDir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d" <<-'EOF'
	#!/bin/sh

	# For most Docker users, "apt-get install" only happens during "docker build",
	# where starting services doesn't work and often fails in humorous ways. This
	# prevents those failures by stopping the services from attempting to start.

	exit 101
EOF
chmod +x "$rootfsDir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d"

# prevent upstart scripts from running during install/update
(
	set -x
	rootfs_chroot dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl
	cp -a "$rootfsDir/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d" "$rootfsDir/sbin/initctl"
	sed -i 's/^exit.*/exit 0/' "$rootfsDir/sbin/initctl"
)

# shrink a little, since apt makes us cache-fat (wheezy: ~157.5MB vs ~120MB)
( set -x; rootfs_chroot apt-get clean )

# this file is one APT creates to make sure we don't "autoremove" our currently
# in-use kernel, which doesn't really apply to debootstraps/Docker images that
# don't even have kernels installed
rm -f "$rootfsDir/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-kernels"

# Ubuntu 10.04 sucks... :)
if strings "$rootfsDir/usr/bin/dpkg" | grep -q unsafe-io; then
	# force dpkg not to call sync() after package extraction (speeding up installs)
	echo >&2 "+ echo force-unsafe-io > '$rootfsDir/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/docker-apt-speedup'"
	cat > "$rootfsDir/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/docker-apt-speedup" <<-'EOF'
		# For most Docker users, package installs happen during "docker build", which
		# doesn't survive power loss and gets restarted clean afterwards anyhow, so
		# this minor tweak gives us a nice speedup (much nicer on spinning disks,
		# obviously).

		force-unsafe-io
	EOF
fi

if [ -d "$rootfsDir/etc/apt/apt.conf.d" ]; then
	# _keep_ us lean by effectively running "apt-get clean" after every install
	aptGetClean='"rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*.deb /var/cache/apt/*.bin || true";'
	echo >&2 "+ cat > '$rootfsDir/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean'"
	cat > "$rootfsDir/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean" <<-EOF
		# Since for most Docker users, package installs happen in "docker build" steps,
		# they essentially become individual layers due to the way Docker handles
		# layering, especially using CoW filesystems.  What this means for us is that
		# the caches that APT keeps end up just wasting space in those layers, making
		# our layers unnecessarily large (especially since we'll normally never use
		# these caches again and will instead just "docker build" again and make a brand
		# new image).

		# Ideally, these would just be invoking "apt-get clean", but in our testing,
		# that ended up being cyclic and we got stuck on APT's lock, so we get this fun
		# creation that's essentially just "apt-get clean".
		DPkg::Post-Invoke { ${aptGetClean} };
		APT::Update::Post-Invoke { ${aptGetClean} };

		Dir::Cache::pkgcache "";
		Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache "";

		# Note that we do realize this isn't the ideal way to do this, and are always
		# open to better suggestions (https://github.com/docker/docker/issues).
	EOF

	# remove apt-cache translations for fast "apt-get update"
	echo >&2 "+ echo Acquire::Languages 'none' > '$rootfsDir/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-no-languages'"
	cat > "$rootfsDir/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-no-languages" <<-'EOF'
		# In Docker, we don't often need the "Translations" files, so we're just wasting
		# time and space by downloading them, and this inhibits that.  For users that do
		# need them, it's a simple matter to delete this file and "apt-get update". :)

		Acquire::Languages "none";
	EOF

	echo >&2 "+ echo Acquire::GzipIndexes 'true' > '$rootfsDir/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-gzip-indexes'"
	cat > "$rootfsDir/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-gzip-indexes" <<-'EOF'
		# Since Docker users using "RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y ..." in
		# their Dockerfiles don't go delete the lists files afterwards, we want them to
		# be as small as possible on-disk, so we explicitly request "gz" versions and
		# tell Apt to keep them gzipped on-disk.

		# For comparison, an "apt-get update" layer without this on a pristine
		# "debian:wheezy" base image was "29.88 MB", where with this it was only
		# "8.273 MB".

		Acquire::GzipIndexes "true";
		Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: "gz";
	EOF

	# update "autoremove" configuration to be aggressive about removing suggests deps that weren't manually installed
	echo >&2 "+ echo Apt::AutoRemove::SuggestsImportant 'false' > '$rootfsDir/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-autoremove-suggests'"
	cat > "$rootfsDir/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-autoremove-suggests" <<-'EOF'
		# Since Docker users are looking for the smallest possible final images, the
		# following emerges as a very common pattern:

		#   RUN apt-get update \
		#       && apt-get install -y <packages> \
		#       && <do some compilation work> \
		#       && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove <packages>

		# By default, APT will actually _keep_ packages installed via Recommends or
		# Depends if another package Suggests them, even and including if the package
		# that originally caused them to be installed is removed.  Setting this to
		# "false" ensures that APT is appropriately aggressive about removing the
		# packages it added.

		# https://aptitude.alioth.debian.org/doc/en/ch02s05s05.html#configApt-AutoRemove-SuggestsImportant
		Apt::AutoRemove::SuggestsImportant "false";
	EOF
fi

if [ -z "$DONT_TOUCH_SOURCES_LIST" ]; then
	# tweak sources.list, where appropriate
	lsbDist=
	if [ -z "$lsbDist" -a -r "$rootfsDir/etc/os-release" ]; then
		lsbDist="$(. "$rootfsDir/etc/os-release" && echo "$ID")"
	fi
	if [ -z "$lsbDist" -a -r "$rootfsDir/etc/lsb-release" ]; then
		lsbDist="$(. "$rootfsDir/etc/lsb-release" && echo "$DISTRIB_ID")"
	fi
	if [ -z "$lsbDist" -a -r "$rootfsDir/etc/debian_version" ]; then
		lsbDist='Debian'
	fi
	# normalize to lowercase for easier matching
	lsbDist="$(echo "$lsbDist" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"
	case "$lsbDist" in
		debian)
			# updates and security!
			if [ "$suite" != 'sid' -a "$suite" != 'unstable' ]; then
				(
					set -x
					sed -i "
						p;
						s/ $suite / ${suite}-updates /
					" "$rootfsDir/etc/apt/sources.list"
					echo "deb http://security.debian.org $suite/updates main" >> "$rootfsDir/etc/apt/sources.list"
				)
			fi
			;;
		ubuntu)
			# add the updates and security repositories
			(
				set -x
				sed -i "
					p;
					s/ $suite / ${suite}-updates /; p;
					s/ $suite-updates / ${suite}-security /
				" "$rootfsDir/etc/apt/sources.list"
			)
			;;
		tanglu)
			# add the updates repository
			if [ "$suite" != 'devel' ]; then
				(
					set -x
					sed -i "
						p;
						s/ $suite / ${suite}-updates /
					" "$rootfsDir/etc/apt/sources.list"
				)
			fi
			;;
		steamos)
			# add contrib and non-free if "main" is the only component
			(
				set -x
				sed -i "s/ $suite main$/ $suite main contrib non-free/" "$rootfsDir/etc/apt/sources.list"
			)
			;;
	esac
fi

(
	set -x

	# make sure we're fully up-to-date
	rootfs_chroot sh -xc 'apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade -y'

	# delete all the apt list files since they're big and get stale quickly
	rm -rf "$rootfsDir/var/lib/apt/lists"/*
	# this forces "apt-get update" in dependent images, which is also good

	mkdir "$rootfsDir/var/lib/apt/lists/partial" # Lucid... "E: Lists directory /var/lib/apt/lists/partial is missing."
)