github.com/aakash4dev/cometbft@v0.38.2/spec/core/data_structures.md (about) 1 --- 2 order: 1 3 --- 4 5 # Data Structures 6 7 Here we describe the data structures in the CometBFT blockchain and the rules for validating them. 8 9 The CometBFT blockchain consists of a short list of data types: 10 11 - [Data Structures](#data-structures) 12 - [Block](#block) 13 - [Execution](#execution) 14 - [Header](#header) 15 - [Version](#version) 16 - [BlockID](#blockid) 17 - [PartSetHeader](#partsetheader) 18 - [Part](#part) 19 - [Time](#time) 20 - [Data](#data) 21 - [Commit](#commit) 22 - [CommitSig](#commitsig) 23 - [BlockIDFlag](#blockidflag) 24 - [Vote](#vote) 25 - [CanonicalVote](#canonicalvote) 26 - [Proposal](#proposal) 27 - [SignedMsgType](#signedmsgtype) 28 - [Signature](#signature) 29 - [EvidenceList](#evidencelist) 30 - [Evidence](#evidence) 31 - [DuplicateVoteEvidence](#duplicatevoteevidence) 32 - [LightClientAttackEvidence](#lightclientattackevidence) 33 - [LightBlock](#lightblock) 34 - [SignedHeader](#signedheader) 35 - [ValidatorSet](#validatorset) 36 - [Validator](#validator) 37 - [Address](#address) 38 - [ConsensusParams](#consensusparams) 39 - [BlockParams](#blockparams) 40 - [EvidenceParams](#evidenceparams) 41 - [ValidatorParams](#validatorparams) 42 - [VersionParams](#versionparams) 43 - [Proof](#proof) 44 45 46 ## Block 47 48 A block consists of a header, transactions, votes (the commit), 49 and a list of evidence of malfeasance (ie. signing conflicting votes). 50 51 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 52 |--------|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------| 53 | Header | [Header](#header) | Header corresponding to the block. This field contains information used throughout consensus and other areas of the protocol. To find out what it contains, visit [header](#header) | Must adhere to the validation rules of [header](#header) | 54 | Data | [Data](#data) | Data contains a list of transactions. The contents of the transaction is unknown to CometBFT. | This field can be empty or populated, but no validation is performed. Applications can perform validation on individual transactions prior to block creation using [checkTx](https://github.com/aakash4dev/cometbft/blob/main/spec/abci/abci%2B%2B_methods.md#checktx). 55 | Evidence | [EvidenceList](#evidencelist) | Evidence contains a list of infractions committed by validators. | Can be empty, but when populated the validations rules from [evidenceList](#evidencelist) apply | 56 | LastCommit | [Commit](#commit) | `LastCommit` includes one vote for every validator. All votes must either be for the previous block, nil or absent. If a vote is for the previous block it must have a valid signature from the corresponding validator. The sum of the voting power of the validators that voted must be greater than 2/3 of the total voting power of the complete validator set. The number of votes in a commit is limited to 10000 (see `types.MaxVotesCount`). | Must be empty for the initial height and must adhere to the validation rules of [commit](#commit). | 57 58 ## Execution 59 60 Once a block is validated, it can be executed against the state. 61 62 The state follows this recursive equation: 63 64 ```go 65 state(initialHeight) = InitialState 66 state(h+1) <- Execute(state(h), ABCIApp, block(h)) 67 ``` 68 69 where `InitialState` includes the initial consensus parameters and validator set, 70 and `ABCIApp` is an ABCI application that can return results and changes to the validator 71 set (TODO). Execute is defined as: 72 73 ```go 74 func Execute(state State, app ABCIApp, block Block) State { 75 // Fuction ApplyBlock executes block of transactions against the app and returns the new root hash of the app state, 76 // modifications to the validator set and the changes of the consensus parameters. 77 AppHash, ValidatorChanges, ConsensusParamChanges := app.ApplyBlock(block) 78 79 nextConsensusParams := UpdateConsensusParams(state.ConsensusParams, ConsensusParamChanges) 80 return State{ 81 ChainID: state.ChainID, 82 InitialHeight: state.InitialHeight, 83 LastResults: abciResponses.DeliverTxResults, 84 AppHash: AppHash, 85 LastValidators: state.Validators, 86 Validators: state.NextValidators, 87 NextValidators: UpdateValidators(state.NextValidators, ValidatorChanges), 88 ConsensusParams: nextConsensusParams, 89 Version: { 90 Consensus: { 91 AppVersion: nextConsensusParams.Version.AppVersion, 92 }, 93 }, 94 } 95 } 96 ``` 97 98 Validating a new block is first done prior to the `prevote`, `precommit` & `finalizeCommit` stages. 99 100 The steps to validate a new block are: 101 102 - Check the validity rules of the block and its fields. 103 - Check the versions (Block & App) are the same as in local state. 104 - Check the chainID's match. 105 - Check the height is correct. 106 - Check the `LastBlockID` corresponds to BlockID currently in state. 107 - Check the hashes in the header match those in state. 108 - Verify the LastCommit against state, this step is skipped for the initial height. 109 - This is where checking the signatures correspond to the correct block will be made. 110 - Make sure the proposer is part of the validator set. 111 - Validate bock time. 112 - Make sure the new blocks time is after the previous blocks time. 113 - Calculate the medianTime and check it against the blocks time. 114 - If the blocks height is the initial height then check if it matches the genesis time. 115 - Validate the evidence in the block. Note: Evidence can be empty 116 117 ## Header 118 119 A block header contains metadata about the block and about the consensus, as well as commitments to 120 the data in the current block, the previous block, and the results returned by the application: 121 122 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 123 |-------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 124 | Version | [Version](#version) | Version defines the application and protocol version being used. | Must adhere to the validation rules of [Version](#version) | 125 | ChainID | String | ChainID is the ID of the chain. This must be unique to your chain. | ChainID must be less than 50 bytes. | 126 | Height | uint64 | Height is the height for this header. | Must be > 0, >= initialHeight, and == previous Height+1 | 127 | Time | [Time](#time) | The timestamp is equal to the weighted median of validators present in the last commit. Read more on time in the [BFT-time section](../consensus/bft-time.md). Note: the timestamp of a vote must be greater by at least one millisecond than that of the block being voted on. | Time must be >= previous header timestamp + consensus parameters TimeIotaMs. The timestamp of the first block must be equal to the genesis time (since there's no votes to compute the median). | 128 | LastBlockID | [BlockID](#blockid) | BlockID of the previous block. | Must adhere to the validation rules of [blockID](#blockid). The first block has `block.Header.LastBlockID == BlockID{}`. | 129 | LastCommitHash | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | MerkleRoot of the lastCommit's signatures. The signatures represent the validators that committed to the last block. The first block has an empty slices of bytes for the hash. | Must be of length 32 | 130 | DataHash | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | MerkleRoot of the hash of transactions. **Note**: The transactions are hashed before being included in the merkle tree, the leaves of the Merkle tree are the hashes, not the transactions themselves. | Must be of length 32 | 131 | ValidatorHash | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | MerkleRoot of the current validator set. The validators are first sorted by voting power (descending), then by address (ascending) prior to computing the MerkleRoot. | Must be of length 32 | 132 | NextValidatorHash | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | MerkleRoot of the next validator set. The validators are first sorted by voting power (descending), then by address (ascending) prior to computing the MerkleRoot. | Must be of length 32 | 133 | ConsensusHash | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | Hash of the protobuf encoded consensus parameters. | Must be of length 32 | 134 | AppHash | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | Arbitrary byte array returned by the application after executing and commiting the previous block. It serves as the basis for validating any merkle proofs that comes from the ABCI application and represents the state of the actual application rather than the state of the blockchain itself. The first block's `block.Header.AppHash` is given by `ResponseInitChain.app_hash`. | This hash is determined by the application, CometBFT can not perform validation on it. | 135 | LastResultHash | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | `LastResultsHash` is the root hash of a Merkle tree built from `ResponseDeliverTx` responses (`Log`,`Info`, `Codespace` and `Events` fields are ignored). | Must be of length 32. The first block has `block.Header.ResultsHash == MerkleRoot(nil)`, i.e. the hash of an empty input, for RFC-6962 conformance. | 136 | EvidenceHash | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | MerkleRoot of the evidence of Byzantine behavior included in this block. | Must be of length 32 | 137 | ProposerAddress | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | Address of the original proposer of the block. Validator must be in the current validatorSet. | Must be of length 20 | 138 139 ## Version 140 141 NOTE: that this is more specifically the consensus version and doesn't include information like the 142 P2P Version. (TODO: we should write a comprehensive document about 143 versioning that this can refer to) 144 145 | Name | type | Description | Validation | 146 |-------|--------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 147 | Block | uint64 | This number represents the version of the block protocol and must be the same throughout an operational network | Must be equal to protocol version being used in a network (`block.Version.Block == state.Version.Consensus.Block`) | 148 | App | uint64 | App version is decided on by the application. Read [here](https://github.com/aakash4dev/cometbft/blob/main/spec/abci/abci++_app_requirements.md) | `block.Version.App == state.Version.Consensus.App` | 149 150 ## BlockID 151 152 The `BlockID` contains two distinct Merkle roots of the block. The `BlockID` includes these two hashes, as well as the number of parts (ie. `len(MakeParts(block))`) 153 154 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 155 |---------------|---------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| 156 | Hash | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | MerkleRoot of all the fields in the header (ie. `MerkleRoot(header)`. | hash must be of length 32 | 157 | PartSetHeader | [PartSetHeader](#partsetheader) | Used for secure gossiping of the block during consensus, is the MerkleRoot of the complete serialized block cut into parts (ie. `MerkleRoot(MakeParts(block))`). | Must adhere to the validation rules of [PartSetHeader](#partsetheader) | 158 159 See [MerkleRoot](./encoding.md#MerkleRoot) for details. 160 161 ## PartSetHeader 162 163 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 164 |-------|---------------------------|-----------------------------------|----------------------| 165 | Total | int32 | Total amount of parts for a block | Must be > 0 | 166 | Hash | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | MerkleRoot of a serialized block | Must be of length 32 | 167 168 ## Part 169 170 Part defines a part of a block. In CometBFT blocks are broken into `parts` for gossip. 171 172 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 173 |-------|-----------------|-----------------------------------|----------------------| 174 | index | int32 | Total amount of parts for a block | Must be > 0 | 175 | bytes | bytes | MerkleRoot of a serialized block | Must be of length 32 | 176 | proof | [Proof](#proof) | MerkleRoot of a serialized block | Must be of length 32 | 177 178 ## Time 179 180 CometBFT uses the [Google.Protobuf.Timestamp](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/google.protobuf#google.protobuf.Timestamp) 181 format, which uses two integers, one 64 bit integer for Seconds and a 32 bit integer for Nanoseconds. 182 183 ## Data 184 185 Data is just a wrapper for a list of transactions, where transactions are arbitrary byte arrays: 186 187 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 188 |------|----------------------------|------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------| 189 | Txs | Matrix of bytes ([][]byte) | Slice of transactions. | Validation does not occur on this field, this data is unknown to CometBFT | 190 191 ## Commit 192 193 Commit is a simple wrapper for a list of signatures, with one for each validator. It also contains the relevant BlockID, height and round: 194 195 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 196 |------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 197 | Height | int64 | Height at which this commit was created. | Must be > 0 | 198 | Round | int32 | Round that the commit corresponds to. | Must be > 0 | 199 | BlockID | [BlockID](#blockid) | The blockID of the corresponding block. | Must adhere to the validation rules of [BlockID](#blockid). | 200 | Signatures | Array of [CommitSig](#commitsig) | Array of commit signatures that correspond to current validator set. | Length of signatures must be > 0 and adhere to the validation of each individual [Commitsig](#commitsig) | 201 202 ## ExtendedCommit 203 204 `ExtendedCommit`, similarly to Commit, wraps a list of votes with signatures together with other data needed to verify them. 205 In addition, it contains the verified vote extensions, one for each non-`nil` vote, along with the extension signatures. 206 207 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 208 |--------------------|------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 209 | Height | int64 | Height at which this commit was created. | Must be > 0 | 210 | Round | int32 | Round that the commit corresponds to. | Must be > 0 | 211 | BlockID | [BlockID](#blockid) | The blockID of the corresponding block. | Must adhere to the validation rules of [BlockID](#blockid). | 212 | ExtendedSignatures | Array of [ExtendedCommitSig](#commitsig) | The current validator set's commit signatures, extension, and extension signatures. | Length of signatures must be > 0 and adhere to the validation of each individual [ExtendedCommitSig](#extendedcommitsig) | 213 214 ## CommitSig 215 216 `CommitSig` represents a signature of a validator, who has voted either for nil, 217 a particular `BlockID` or was absent. It's a part of the `Commit` and can be used 218 to reconstruct the vote set given the validator set. 219 220 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 221 |------------------|-----------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------| 222 | BlockIDFlag | [BlockIDFlag](#blockidflag) | Represents the validators participation in consensus: its vote was not received, voted for the block that received the majority, or voted for nil | Must be one of the fields in the [BlockIDFlag](#blockidflag) enum | 223 | ValidatorAddress | [Address](#address) | Address of the validator | Must be of length 20 | 224 | Timestamp | [Time](#time) | This field will vary from `CommitSig` to `CommitSig`. It represents the timestamp of the validator. | [Time](#time) | 225 | Signature | [Signature](#signature) | Signature corresponding to the validators participation in consensus. | The length of the signature must be > 0 and < than 64 | 226 227 NOTE: `ValidatorAddress` and `Timestamp` fields may be removed in the future 228 (see [ADR-25](https://github.com/aakash4dev/cometbft/blob/main/docs/architecture/adr-025-commit.md)). 229 230 ## ExtendedCommitSig 231 232 `ExtendedCommitSig` represents a signature of a validator that has voted either for `nil`, 233 a particular `BlockID` or was absent. It is part of the `ExtendedCommit` and can be used 234 to reconstruct the vote set given the validator set. 235 Additionally it contains the vote extensions that were attached to each non-`nil` precommit vote. 236 All these extensions have been verified by the application operating at the signing validator's node. 237 238 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 239 |--------------------|-----------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------| 240 | BlockIDFlag | [BlockIDFlag](#blockidflag) | Represents the validators participation in consensus: its vote was not received, voted for the block that received the majority, or voted for nil | Must be one of the fields in the [BlockIDFlag](#blockidflag) enum | 241 | ValidatorAddress | [Address](#address) | Address of the validator | Must be of length 20 | 242 | Timestamp | [Time](#time) | This field will vary from `CommitSig` to `CommitSig`. It represents the timestamp of the validator. | | 243 | Signature | [Signature](#signature) | Signature corresponding to the validators participation in consensus. | Length must be > 0 and < 64 | 244 | Extension | bytes | Vote extension provided by the Application running on the sender of the precommit vote, and verified by the local application. | Length must be zero if BlockIDFlag is not `Commit` | 245 | ExtensionSignature | [Signature](#signature) | Signature of the vote extension. | Length must be > 0 and < than 64 if BlockIDFlag is `Commit`, else 0 | 246 247 ## BlockIDFlag 248 249 BlockIDFlag represents which BlockID the [signature](#commitsig) is for. 250 251 ```go 252 enum BlockIDFlag { 253 BLOCK_ID_FLAG_UNKNOWN = 0; // indicates an error condition 254 BLOCK_ID_FLAG_ABSENT = 1; // the vote was not received 255 BLOCK_ID_FLAG_COMMIT = 2; // voted for the block that received the majority 256 BLOCK_ID_FLAG_NIL = 3; // voted for nil 257 } 258 ``` 259 260 ## Vote 261 262 A vote is a signed message from a validator for a particular block. 263 The vote includes information about the validator signing it. When stored in the blockchain or propagated over the network, votes are encoded in Protobuf. 264 265 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 266 |--------------------|---------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------| 267 | Type | [SignedMsgType](#signedmsgtype) | The type of message the vote refers to | Must be `PrevoteType` or `PrecommitType` | 268 | Height | int64 | Height for which this vote was created for | Must be > 0 | 269 | Round | int32 | Round that the commit corresponds to. | Must be > 0 | 270 | BlockID | [BlockID](#blockid) | The blockID of the corresponding block. | | 271 | Timestamp | [Time](#time) | Timestamp represents the time at which a validator signed. | | 272 | ValidatorAddress | bytes | Address of the validator | Length must be equal to 20 | 273 | ValidatorIndex | int32 | Index at a specific block height corresponding to the Index of the validator in the set. | Must be > 0 | 274 | Signature | bytes | Signature by the validator if they participated in consensus for the associated block. | Length must be > 0 and < 64 | 275 | Extension | bytes | Vote extension provided by the Application running at the validator's node. | Length can be 0 | 276 | ExtensionSignature | bytes | Signature for the extension | Length must be > 0 and < 64 | 277 278 ## CanonicalVote 279 280 CanonicalVote is for validator signing. This type will not be present in a block. 281 Votes are represented via `CanonicalVote` and also encoded using protobuf via `type.SignBytes` which includes the `ChainID`, 282 and uses a different ordering of the fields. 283 284 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 285 |-----------|---------------------------------|-----------------------------------------|------------------------------------------| 286 | Type | [SignedMsgType](#signedmsgtype) | The type of message the vote refers to | Must be `PrevoteType` or `PrecommitType` | 287 | Height | int64 | Height in which the vote was provided. | Must be > 0 | 288 | Round | int64 | Round in which the vote was provided. | Must be > 0 | 289 | BlockID | string | ID of the block the vote refers to. | | 290 | Timestamp | string | Time of the vote. | | 291 | ChainID | string | ID of the blockchain running consensus. | | 292 293 For signing, votes are represented via [`CanonicalVote`](#canonicalvote) and also encoded using protobuf via 294 `type.SignBytes` which includes the `ChainID`, and uses a different ordering of 295 the fields. 296 297 We define a method `Verify` that returns `true` if the signature verifies against the pubkey for the `SignBytes` 298 using the given ChainID: 299 300 ```go 301 func (vote *Vote) Verify(chainID string, pubKey crypto.PubKey) error { 302 if !bytes.Equal(pubKey.Address(), vote.ValidatorAddress) { 303 return ErrVoteInvalidValidatorAddress 304 } 305 v := vote.ToProto() 306 if !pubKey.VerifyBytes(types.VoteSignBytes(chainID, v), vote.Signature) { 307 return ErrVoteInvalidSignature 308 } 309 return nil 310 } 311 ``` 312 313 ### CanonicalVoteExtension 314 315 Vote extensions are signed using a representation similar to votes. 316 This is the structure to marshall in order to obtain the bytes to sign or verify the signature. 317 318 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 319 |-----------|--------|---------------------------------------------|----------------------| 320 | Extension | bytes | Vote extension provided by the Application. | Can have zero length | 321 | Height | int64 | Height in which the extension was provided. | Must be > 0 | 322 | Round | int64 | Round in which the extension was provided. | Must be > 0 | 323 | ChainID | string | ID of the blockchain running consensus. | | 324 325 ## Proposal 326 327 Proposal contains height and round for which this proposal is made, BlockID as a unique identifier 328 of proposed block, timestamp, and POLRound (a so-called Proof-of-Lock (POL) round) that is needed for 329 termination of the consensus. If POLRound >= 0, then BlockID corresponds to the block that 330 is locked in POLRound. The message is signed by the validator private key. 331 332 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 333 |-----------|---------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------| 334 | Type | [SignedMsgType](#signedmsgtype) | Represents a Proposal [SignedMsgType](#signedmsgtype) | Must be `ProposalType` [signedMsgType](#signedmsgtype) | 335 | Height | uint64 | Height for which this vote was created for | Must be > 0 | 336 | Round | int32 | Round that the commit corresponds to. | Must be > 0 | 337 | POLRound | int64 | Proof of lock | Must be > 0 | 338 | BlockID | [BlockID](#blockid) | The blockID of the corresponding block. | [BlockID](#blockid) | 339 | Timestamp | [Time](#time) | Timestamp represents the time at which a validator signed. | [Time](#time) | 340 | Signature | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | Signature by the validator if they participated in consensus for the associated bock. | Length of signature must be > 0 and < 64 | 341 342 ## SignedMsgType 343 344 Signed message type represents a signed messages in consensus. 345 346 ```proto 347 enum SignedMsgType { 348 349 SIGNED_MSG_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0; 350 // Votes 351 SIGNED_MSG_TYPE_PREVOTE = 1; 352 SIGNED_MSG_TYPE_PRECOMMIT = 2; 353 354 // Proposal 355 SIGNED_MSG_TYPE_PROPOSAL = 32; 356 } 357 ``` 358 359 ## Signature 360 361 Signatures in CometBFT are raw bytes representing the underlying signature. 362 363 See the [signature spec](./encoding.md#key-types) for more. 364 365 ## EvidenceList 366 367 EvidenceList is a simple wrapper for a list of evidence: 368 369 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 370 |----------|--------------------------------|----------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------| 371 | Evidence | Array of [Evidence](#evidence) | List of verified [evidence](#evidence) | Validation adheres to individual types of [Evidence](#evidence) | 372 373 ## Evidence 374 375 Evidence in CometBFT is used to indicate breaches in the consensus by a validator. 376 377 More information on how evidence works in CometBFT can be found [here](../consensus/evidence.md) 378 379 ### DuplicateVoteEvidence 380 381 `DuplicateVoteEvidence` represents a validator that has voted for two different blocks 382 in the same round of the same height. Votes are lexicographically sorted on `BlockID`. 383 384 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 385 |------------------|---------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------| 386 | VoteA | [Vote](#vote) | One of the votes submitted by a validator when they equivocated | VoteA must adhere to [Vote](#vote) validation rules | 387 | VoteB | [Vote](#vote) | The second vote submitted by a validator when they equivocated | VoteB must adhere to [Vote](#vote) validation rules | 388 | TotalVotingPower | int64 | The total power of the validator set at the height of equivocation | Must be equal to nodes own copy of the data | 389 | ValidatorPower | int64 | Power of the equivocating validator at the height | Must be equal to the nodes own copy of the data | 390 | Timestamp | [Time](#time) | Time of the block where the equivocation occurred | Must be equal to the nodes own copy of the data | 391 392 ### LightClientAttackEvidence 393 394 `LightClientAttackEvidence` is a generalized evidence that captures all forms of known attacks on 395 a light client such that a full node can verify, propose and commit the evidence on-chain for 396 punishment of the malicious validators. There are three forms of attacks: Lunatic, Equivocation 397 and Amnesia. These attacks are exhaustive. You can find a more detailed overview of this [here](../light-client/accountability#the_misbehavior_of_faulty_validators) 398 399 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 400 |----------------------|------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------| 401 | ConflictingBlock | [LightBlock](#lightblock) | Read Below | Must adhere to the validation rules of [lightBlock](#lightblock) | 402 | CommonHeight | int64 | Read Below | must be > 0 | 403 | Byzantine Validators | Array of [Validators](#validator) | validators that acted maliciously | Read Below | 404 | TotalVotingPower | int64 | The total power of the validator set at the height of the infraction | Must be equal to the nodes own copy of the data | 405 | Timestamp | [Time](#time) | Time of the block where the infraction occurred | Must be equal to the nodes own copy of the data | 406 407 ## LightBlock 408 409 LightBlock is the core data structure of the [light client](../light-client/README.md). It combines two data structures needed for verification ([signedHeader](#signedheader) & [validatorSet](#validatorset)). 410 411 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 412 |--------------|-------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 413 | SignedHeader | [SignedHeader](#signedheader) | The header and commit, these are used for verification purposes. To find out more visit [light client docs](../light-client/README.md) | Must not be nil and adhere to the validation rules of [signedHeader](#signedheader) | 414 | ValidatorSet | [ValidatorSet](#validatorset) | The validatorSet is used to help with verify that the validators in that committed the infraction were truly in the validator set. | Must not be nil and adhere to the validation rules of [validatorSet](#validatorset) | 415 416 The `SignedHeader` and `ValidatorSet` are linked by the hash of the validator set(`SignedHeader.ValidatorsHash == ValidatorSet.Hash()`. 417 418 ## SignedHeader 419 420 The SignedhHeader is the [header](#header) accompanied by the commit to prove it. 421 422 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 423 |--------|-------------------|-------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 424 | Header | [Header](#header) | [Header](#header) | Header cannot be nil and must adhere to the [Header](#header) validation criteria | 425 | Commit | [Commit](#commit) | [Commit](#commit) | Commit cannot be nil and must adhere to the [Commit](#commit) criteria | 426 427 ## ValidatorSet 428 429 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 430 |------------|----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| 431 | Validators | Array of [validator](#validator) | List of the active validators at a specific height | The list of validators can not be empty or nil and must adhere to the validation rules of [validator](#validator) | 432 | Proposer | [validator](#validator) | The block proposer for the corresponding block | The proposer cannot be nil and must adhere to the validation rules of [validator](#validator) | 433 434 ## Validator 435 436 | Name | Type | Description | Validation | 437 |------------------|---------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------| 438 | Address | [Address](#address) | Validators Address | Length must be of size 20 | 439 | Pubkey | slice of bytes (`[]byte`) | Validators Public Key | must be a length greater than 0 | 440 | VotingPower | int64 | Validators voting power | cannot be < 0 | 441 | ProposerPriority | int64 | Validators proposer priority. This is used to gauge when a validator is up next to propose blocks | No validation, value can be negative and positive | 442 443 ## Address 444 445 Address is a type alias of a slice of bytes. The address is calculated by hashing the public key using sha256 and truncating it to only use the first 20 bytes of the slice. 446 447 ```go 448 const ( 449 TruncatedSize = 20 450 ) 451 452 func SumTruncated(bz []byte) []byte { 453 hash := sha256.Sum256(bz) 454 return hash[:TruncatedSize] 455 } 456 ``` 457 458 ## ConsensusParams 459 460 | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | 461 |-----------|-------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------| 462 | block | [BlockParams](#blockparams) | Parameters limiting the size of a block and time between consecutive blocks. | 1 | 463 | evidence | [EvidenceParams](#evidenceparams) | Parameters limiting the validity of evidence of byzantine behavior. | 2 | 464 | validator | [ValidatorParams](#validatorparams) | Parameters limiting the types of public keys validators can use. | 3 | 465 | version | [BlockParams](#blockparams) | The ABCI application version. | 4 | 466 467 ### BlockParams 468 469 | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | 470 |--------------|-------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------| 471 | max_bytes | int64 | Max size of a block, in bytes. | 1 | 472 | max_gas | int64 | Max sum of `GasWanted` in a proposed block. NOTE: blocks that violate this may be committed if there are Byzantine proposers. It's the application's responsibility to handle this when processing a block! | 2 | 473 474 ### EvidenceParams 475 476 | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | 477 |--------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------| 478 | max_age_num_blocks | int64 | Max age of evidence, in blocks. | 1 | 479 | max_age_duration | [google.protobuf.Duration](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/google.protobuf#google.protobuf.Duration) | Max age of evidence, in time. It should correspond with an app's "unbonding period" or other similar mechanism for handling [Nothing-At-Stake attacks](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Proof-of-Stake-FAQ#what-is-the-nothing-at-stake-problem-and-how-can-it-be-fixed). | 2 | 480 | max_bytes | int64 | maximum size in bytes of total evidence allowed to be entered into a block | 3 | 481 482 ### ValidatorParams 483 484 | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | 485 |---------------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------| 486 | pub_key_types | repeated string | List of accepted public key types. Uses same naming as `PubKey.Type`. | 1 | 487 488 ### VersionParams 489 490 | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | 491 |-------------|--------|-------------------------------|--------------| 492 | app_version | uint64 | The ABCI application version. | 1 | 493 494 ## Proof 495 496 | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | 497 |-----------|----------------|-----------------------------------------------|--------------| 498 | total | int64 | Total number of items. | 1 | 499 | index | int64 | Index item to prove. | 2 | 500 | leaf_hash | bytes | Hash of item value. | 3 | 501 | aunts | repeated bytes | Hashes from leaf's sibling to a root's child. | 4 |