github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum@v1.16.1/params/protocol_params.go (about) 1 // Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors 2 // This file is part of the go-ethereum library. 3 // 4 // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 5 // it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by 6 // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 7 // (at your option) any later version. 8 // 9 // The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 10 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 11 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 12 // GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. 13 // 14 // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License 15 // along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 16 17 package params 18 19 import ( 20 "math/big" 21 22 "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common" 23 ) 24 25 const ( 26 GasLimitBoundDivisor uint64 = 1024 // The bound divisor of the gas limit, used in update calculations. 27 MinGasLimit uint64 = 5000 // Minimum the gas limit may ever be. 28 MaxGasLimit uint64 = 0x7fffffffffffffff // Maximum the gas limit (2^63-1). 29 GenesisGasLimit uint64 = 4712388 // Gas limit of the Genesis block. 30 31 MaximumExtraDataSize uint64 = 32 // Maximum size extra data may be after Genesis. 32 ExpByteGas uint64 = 10 // Times ceil(log256(exponent)) for the EXP instruction. 33 SloadGas uint64 = 50 // Multiplied by the number of 32-byte words that are copied (round up) for any *COPY operation and added. 34 CallValueTransferGas uint64 = 9000 // Paid for CALL when the value transfer is non-zero. 35 CallNewAccountGas uint64 = 25000 // Paid for CALL when the destination address didn't exist prior. 36 TxGas uint64 = 21000 // Per transaction not creating a contract. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions. 37 TxGasContractCreation uint64 = 53000 // Per transaction that creates a contract. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions. 38 TxDataZeroGas uint64 = 4 // Per byte of data attached to a transaction that equals zero. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions. 39 QuadCoeffDiv uint64 = 512 // Divisor for the quadratic particle of the memory cost equation. 40 LogDataGas uint64 = 8 // Per byte in a LOG* operation's data. 41 CallStipend uint64 = 2300 // Free gas given at beginning of call. 42 43 Keccak256Gas uint64 = 30 // Once per KECCAK256 operation. 44 Keccak256WordGas uint64 = 6 // Once per word of the KECCAK256 operation's data. 45 InitCodeWordGas uint64 = 2 // Once per word of the init code when creating a contract. 46 47 SstoreSetGas uint64 = 20000 // Once per SSTORE operation. 48 SstoreResetGas uint64 = 5000 // Once per SSTORE operation if the zeroness changes from zero. 49 SstoreClearGas uint64 = 5000 // Once per SSTORE operation if the zeroness doesn't change. 50 SstoreRefundGas uint64 = 15000 // Once per SSTORE operation if the zeroness changes to zero. 51 52 NetSstoreNoopGas uint64 = 200 // Once per SSTORE operation if the value doesn't change. 53 NetSstoreInitGas uint64 = 20000 // Once per SSTORE operation from clean zero. 54 NetSstoreCleanGas uint64 = 5000 // Once per SSTORE operation from clean non-zero. 55 NetSstoreDirtyGas uint64 = 200 // Once per SSTORE operation from dirty. 56 57 NetSstoreClearRefund uint64 = 15000 // Once per SSTORE operation for clearing an originally existing storage slot 58 NetSstoreResetRefund uint64 = 4800 // Once per SSTORE operation for resetting to the original non-zero value 59 NetSstoreResetClearRefund uint64 = 19800 // Once per SSTORE operation for resetting to the original zero value 60 61 SstoreSentryGasEIP2200 uint64 = 2300 // Minimum gas required to be present for an SSTORE call, not consumed 62 SstoreSetGasEIP2200 uint64 = 20000 // Once per SSTORE operation from clean zero to non-zero 63 SstoreResetGasEIP2200 uint64 = 5000 // Once per SSTORE operation from clean non-zero to something else 64 SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP2200 uint64 = 15000 // Once per SSTORE operation for clearing an originally existing storage slot 65 66 ColdAccountAccessCostEIP2929 = uint64(2600) // COLD_ACCOUNT_ACCESS_COST 67 ColdSloadCostEIP2929 = uint64(2100) // COLD_SLOAD_COST 68 WarmStorageReadCostEIP2929 = uint64(100) // WARM_STORAGE_READ_COST 69 70 // In EIP-2200: SstoreResetGas was 5000. 71 // In EIP-2929: SstoreResetGas was changed to '5000 - COLD_SLOAD_COST'. 72 // In EIP-3529: SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE is defined as SSTORE_RESET_GAS + ACCESS_LIST_STORAGE_KEY_COST 73 // Which becomes: 5000 - 2100 + 1900 = 4800 74 SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP3529 uint64 = SstoreResetGasEIP2200 - ColdSloadCostEIP2929 + TxAccessListStorageKeyGas 75 76 JumpdestGas uint64 = 1 // Once per JUMPDEST operation. 77 EpochDuration uint64 = 30000 // Duration between proof-of-work epochs. 78 79 CreateDataGas uint64 = 200 // 80 CallCreateDepth uint64 = 1024 // Maximum depth of call/create stack. 81 ExpGas uint64 = 10 // Once per EXP instruction 82 LogGas uint64 = 375 // Per LOG* operation. 83 CopyGas uint64 = 3 // 84 StackLimit uint64 = 1024 // Maximum size of VM stack allowed. 85 TierStepGas uint64 = 0 // Once per operation, for a selection of them. 86 LogTopicGas uint64 = 375 // Multiplied by the * of the LOG*, per LOG transaction. e.g. LOG0 incurs 0 * c_txLogTopicGas, LOG4 incurs 4 * c_txLogTopicGas. 87 CreateGas uint64 = 32000 // Once per CREATE operation & contract-creation transaction. 88 Create2Gas uint64 = 32000 // Once per CREATE2 operation 89 CreateNGasEip4762 uint64 = 1000 // Once per CREATEn operations post-verkle 90 SelfdestructRefundGas uint64 = 24000 // Refunded following a selfdestruct operation. 91 MemoryGas uint64 = 3 // Times the address of the (highest referenced byte in memory + 1). NOTE: referencing happens on read, write and in instructions such as RETURN and CALL. 92 93 TxDataNonZeroGasFrontier uint64 = 68 // Per byte of data attached to a transaction that is not equal to zero. NOTE: Not payable on data of calls between transactions. 94 TxDataNonZeroGasEIP2028 uint64 = 16 // Per byte of non zero data attached to a transaction after EIP 2028 (part in Istanbul) 95 TxTokenPerNonZeroByte uint64 = 4 // Token cost per non-zero byte as specified by EIP-7623. 96 TxCostFloorPerToken uint64 = 10 // Cost floor per byte of data as specified by EIP-7623. 97 TxAccessListAddressGas uint64 = 2400 // Per address specified in EIP 2930 access list 98 TxAccessListStorageKeyGas uint64 = 1900 // Per storage key specified in EIP 2930 access list 99 TxAuthTupleGas uint64 = 12500 // Per auth tuple code specified in EIP-7702 100 101 // These have been changed during the course of the chain 102 CallGasFrontier uint64 = 40 // Once per CALL operation & message call transaction. 103 CallGasEIP150 uint64 = 700 // Static portion of gas for CALL-derivates after EIP 150 (Tangerine) 104 BalanceGasFrontier uint64 = 20 // The cost of a BALANCE operation 105 BalanceGasEIP150 uint64 = 400 // The cost of a BALANCE operation after Tangerine 106 BalanceGasEIP1884 uint64 = 700 // The cost of a BALANCE operation after EIP 1884 (part of Istanbul) 107 ExtcodeSizeGasFrontier uint64 = 20 // Cost of EXTCODESIZE before EIP 150 (Tangerine) 108 ExtcodeSizeGasEIP150 uint64 = 700 // Cost of EXTCODESIZE after EIP 150 (Tangerine) 109 SloadGasFrontier uint64 = 50 110 SloadGasEIP150 uint64 = 200 111 SloadGasEIP1884 uint64 = 800 // Cost of SLOAD after EIP 1884 (part of Istanbul) 112 SloadGasEIP2200 uint64 = 800 // Cost of SLOAD after EIP 2200 (part of Istanbul) 113 ExtcodeHashGasConstantinople uint64 = 400 // Cost of EXTCODEHASH (introduced in Constantinople) 114 ExtcodeHashGasEIP1884 uint64 = 700 // Cost of EXTCODEHASH after EIP 1884 (part in Istanbul) 115 SelfdestructGasEIP150 uint64 = 5000 // Cost of SELFDESTRUCT post EIP 150 (Tangerine) 116 117 // EXP has a dynamic portion depending on the size of the exponent 118 ExpByteFrontier uint64 = 10 // was set to 10 in Frontier 119 ExpByteEIP158 uint64 = 50 // was raised to 50 during Eip158 (Spurious Dragon) 120 121 // Extcodecopy has a dynamic AND a static cost. This represents only the 122 // static portion of the gas. It was changed during EIP 150 (Tangerine) 123 ExtcodeCopyBaseFrontier uint64 = 20 124 ExtcodeCopyBaseEIP150 uint64 = 700 125 126 // CreateBySelfdestructGas is used when the refunded account is one that does 127 // not exist. This logic is similar to call. 128 // Introduced in Tangerine Whistle (Eip 150) 129 CreateBySelfdestructGas uint64 = 25000 130 131 DefaultBaseFeeChangeDenominator = 8 // Bounds the amount the base fee can change between blocks. 132 DefaultElasticityMultiplier = 2 // Bounds the maximum gas limit an EIP-1559 block may have. 133 InitialBaseFee = 1000000000 // Initial base fee for EIP-1559 blocks. 134 135 MaxCodeSize = 24576 // Maximum bytecode to permit for a contract 136 MaxInitCodeSize = 2 * MaxCodeSize // Maximum initcode to permit in a creation transaction and create instructions 137 138 // Precompiled contract gas prices 139 140 EcrecoverGas uint64 = 3000 // Elliptic curve sender recovery gas price 141 Sha256BaseGas uint64 = 60 // Base price for a SHA256 operation 142 Sha256PerWordGas uint64 = 12 // Per-word price for a SHA256 operation 143 Ripemd160BaseGas uint64 = 600 // Base price for a RIPEMD160 operation 144 Ripemd160PerWordGas uint64 = 120 // Per-word price for a RIPEMD160 operation 145 IdentityBaseGas uint64 = 15 // Base price for a data copy operation 146 IdentityPerWordGas uint64 = 3 // Per-work price for a data copy operation 147 148 Bn256AddGasByzantium uint64 = 500 // Byzantium gas needed for an elliptic curve addition 149 Bn256AddGasIstanbul uint64 = 150 // Gas needed for an elliptic curve addition 150 Bn256ScalarMulGasByzantium uint64 = 40000 // Byzantium gas needed for an elliptic curve scalar multiplication 151 Bn256ScalarMulGasIstanbul uint64 = 6000 // Gas needed for an elliptic curve scalar multiplication 152 Bn256PairingBaseGasByzantium uint64 = 100000 // Byzantium base price for an elliptic curve pairing check 153 Bn256PairingBaseGasIstanbul uint64 = 45000 // Base price for an elliptic curve pairing check 154 Bn256PairingPerPointGasByzantium uint64 = 80000 // Byzantium per-point price for an elliptic curve pairing check 155 Bn256PairingPerPointGasIstanbul uint64 = 34000 // Per-point price for an elliptic curve pairing check 156 157 Bls12381G1AddGas uint64 = 375 // Price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve G1 point addition 158 Bls12381G1MulGas uint64 = 12000 // Price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve G1 point scalar multiplication 159 Bls12381G2AddGas uint64 = 600 // Price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve G2 point addition 160 Bls12381G2MulGas uint64 = 22500 // Price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve G2 point scalar multiplication 161 Bls12381PairingBaseGas uint64 = 37700 // Base gas price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve pairing check 162 Bls12381PairingPerPairGas uint64 = 32600 // Per-point pair gas price for BLS12-381 elliptic curve pairing check 163 Bls12381MapG1Gas uint64 = 5500 // Gas price for BLS12-381 mapping field element to G1 operation 164 Bls12381MapG2Gas uint64 = 23800 // Gas price for BLS12-381 mapping field element to G2 operation 165 166 // The Refund Quotient is the cap on how much of the used gas can be refunded. Before EIP-3529, 167 // up to half the consumed gas could be refunded. Redefined as 1/5th in EIP-3529 168 RefundQuotient uint64 = 2 169 RefundQuotientEIP3529 uint64 = 5 170 171 BlobTxBytesPerFieldElement = 32 // Size in bytes of a field element 172 BlobTxFieldElementsPerBlob = 4096 // Number of field elements stored in a single data blob 173 BlobTxBlobGasPerBlob = 1 << 17 // Gas consumption of a single data blob (== blob byte size) 174 BlobTxMinBlobGasprice = 1 // Minimum gas price for data blobs 175 BlobTxPointEvaluationPrecompileGas = 50000 // Gas price for the point evaluation precompile. 176 177 HistoryServeWindow = 8192 // Number of blocks to serve historical block hashes for, EIP-2935. 178 ) 179 180 // Bls12381G1MultiExpDiscountTable is the gas discount table for BLS12-381 G1 multi exponentiation operation 181 var Bls12381G1MultiExpDiscountTable = [128]uint64{1000, 949, 848, 797, 764, 750, 738, 728, 719, 712, 705, 698, 692, 687, 682, 677, 673, 669, 665, 661, 658, 654, 651, 648, 645, 642, 640, 637, 635, 632, 630, 627, 625, 623, 621, 619, 617, 615, 613, 611, 609, 608, 606, 604, 603, 601, 599, 598, 596, 595, 593, 592, 591, 589, 588, 586, 585, 584, 582, 581, 580, 579, 577, 576, 575, 574, 573, 572, 570, 569, 568, 567, 566, 565, 564, 563, 562, 561, 560, 559, 558, 557, 556, 555, 554, 553, 552, 551, 550, 549, 548, 547, 547, 546, 545, 544, 543, 542, 541, 540, 540, 539, 538, 537, 536, 536, 535, 534, 533, 532, 532, 531, 530, 529, 528, 528, 527, 526, 525, 525, 524, 523, 522, 522, 521, 520, 520, 519} 182 183 // Bls12381G2MultiExpDiscountTable is the gas discount table for BLS12-381 G2 multi exponentiation operation 184 var Bls12381G2MultiExpDiscountTable = [128]uint64{1000, 1000, 923, 884, 855, 832, 812, 796, 782, 770, 759, 749, 740, 732, 724, 717, 711, 704, 699, 693, 688, 683, 679, 674, 670, 666, 663, 659, 655, 652, 649, 646, 643, 640, 637, 634, 632, 629, 627, 624, 622, 620, 618, 615, 613, 611, 609, 607, 606, 604, 602, 600, 598, 597, 595, 593, 592, 590, 589, 587, 586, 584, 583, 582, 580, 579, 578, 576, 575, 574, 573, 571, 570, 569, 568, 567, 566, 565, 563, 562, 561, 560, 559, 558, 557, 556, 555, 554, 553, 552, 552, 551, 550, 549, 548, 547, 546, 545, 545, 544, 543, 542, 541, 541, 540, 539, 538, 537, 537, 536, 535, 535, 534, 533, 532, 532, 531, 530, 530, 529, 528, 528, 527, 526, 526, 525, 524, 524} 185 186 // Difficulty parameters. 187 var ( 188 DifficultyBoundDivisor = big.NewInt(2048) // The bound divisor of the difficulty, used in the update calculations. 189 GenesisDifficulty = big.NewInt(131072) // Difficulty of the Genesis block. 190 MinimumDifficulty = big.NewInt(131072) // The minimum that the difficulty may ever be. 191 DurationLimit = big.NewInt(13) // The decision boundary on the blocktime duration used to determine whether difficulty should go up or not. 192 ) 193 194 // System contracts. 195 var ( 196 // SystemAddress is where the system-transaction is sent from as per EIP-4788 197 SystemAddress = common.HexToAddress("0xfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe") 198 199 // EIP-4788 - Beacon block root in the EVM 200 BeaconRootsAddress = common.HexToAddress("0x000F3df6D732807Ef1319fB7B8bB8522d0Beac02") 201 BeaconRootsCode = common.FromHex("3373fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe14604d57602036146024575f5ffd5b5f35801560495762001fff810690815414603c575f5ffd5b62001fff01545f5260205ff35b5f5ffd5b62001fff42064281555f359062001fff015500") 202 203 // EIP-2935 - Serve historical block hashes from state 204 HistoryStorageAddress = common.HexToAddress("0x0000F90827F1C53a10cb7A02335B175320002935") 205 HistoryStorageCode = common.FromHex("3373fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe14604657602036036042575f35600143038111604257611fff81430311604257611fff9006545f5260205ff35b5f5ffd5b5f35611fff60014303065500") 206 207 // EIP-7002 - Execution layer triggerable withdrawals 208 WithdrawalQueueAddress = common.HexToAddress("0x00000961Ef480Eb55e80D19ad83579A64c007002") 209 WithdrawalQueueCode = common.FromHex("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") 210 211 // EIP-7251 - Increase the MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE 212 ConsolidationQueueAddress = common.HexToAddress("0x0000BBdDc7CE488642fb579F8B00f3a590007251") 213 ConsolidationQueueCode = common.FromHex("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") 214 )