github.com/giovannyortegon/go@v0.0.0-20220115155912-8890063f5bdd/src/pkg/mod/golang.org/x/sys@v0.0.0-20210927094055-39ccf1dd6fa6/windows/syscall_windows.go (about)

     1  // Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  // Windows system calls.
     6  
     7  package windows
     8  
     9  import (
    10  	errorspkg "errors"
    11  	"fmt"
    12  	"runtime"
    13  	"sync"
    14  	"syscall"
    15  	"time"
    16  	"unicode/utf16"
    17  	"unsafe"
    18  
    19  	"golang.org/x/sys/internal/unsafeheader"
    20  )
    21  
    22  type Handle uintptr
    23  type HWND uintptr
    24  
    25  const (
    26  	InvalidHandle = ^Handle(0)
    27  	InvalidHWND   = ^HWND(0)
    28  
    29  	// Flags for DefineDosDevice.
    30  	DDD_EXACT_MATCH_ON_REMOVE = 0x00000004
    31  	DDD_NO_BROADCAST_SYSTEM   = 0x00000008
    32  	DDD_RAW_TARGET_PATH       = 0x00000001
    33  	DDD_REMOVE_DEFINITION     = 0x00000002
    34  
    35  	// Return values for GetDriveType.
    36  	DRIVE_UNKNOWN     = 0
    37  	DRIVE_NO_ROOT_DIR = 1
    38  	DRIVE_REMOVABLE   = 2
    39  	DRIVE_FIXED       = 3
    40  	DRIVE_REMOTE      = 4
    41  	DRIVE_CDROM       = 5
    42  	DRIVE_RAMDISK     = 6
    43  
    44  	// File system flags from GetVolumeInformation and GetVolumeInformationByHandle.
    45  	FILE_CASE_SENSITIVE_SEARCH        = 0x00000001
    46  	FILE_CASE_PRESERVED_NAMES         = 0x00000002
    47  	FILE_FILE_COMPRESSION             = 0x00000010
    48  	FILE_DAX_VOLUME                   = 0x20000000
    49  	FILE_NAMED_STREAMS                = 0x00040000
    50  	FILE_PERSISTENT_ACLS              = 0x00000008
    51  	FILE_READ_ONLY_VOLUME             = 0x00080000
    52  	FILE_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_ONCE        = 0x00100000
    53  	FILE_SUPPORTS_ENCRYPTION          = 0x00020000
    54  	FILE_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_ATTRIBUTES = 0x00800000
    55  	FILE_SUPPORTS_HARD_LINKS          = 0x00400000
    56  	FILE_SUPPORTS_OBJECT_IDS          = 0x00010000
    57  	FILE_SUPPORTS_OPEN_BY_FILE_ID     = 0x01000000
    58  	FILE_SUPPORTS_REPARSE_POINTS      = 0x00000080
    59  	FILE_SUPPORTS_SPARSE_FILES        = 0x00000040
    60  	FILE_SUPPORTS_TRANSACTIONS        = 0x00200000
    61  	FILE_SUPPORTS_USN_JOURNAL         = 0x02000000
    62  	FILE_UNICODE_ON_DISK              = 0x00000004
    63  	FILE_VOLUME_IS_COMPRESSED         = 0x00008000
    64  	FILE_VOLUME_QUOTAS                = 0x00000020
    65  
    66  	// Flags for LockFileEx.
    67  	LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY = 0x00000001
    68  	LOCKFILE_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK   = 0x00000002
    69  
    70  	// Return value of SleepEx and other APC functions
    71  	WAIT_IO_COMPLETION = 0x000000C0
    72  )
    73  
    74  // StringToUTF16 is deprecated. Use UTF16FromString instead.
    75  // If s contains a NUL byte this function panics instead of
    76  // returning an error.
    77  func StringToUTF16(s string) []uint16 {
    78  	a, err := UTF16FromString(s)
    79  	if err != nil {
    80  		panic("windows: string with NUL passed to StringToUTF16")
    81  	}
    82  	return a
    83  }
    84  
    85  // UTF16FromString returns the UTF-16 encoding of the UTF-8 string
    86  // s, with a terminating NUL added. If s contains a NUL byte at any
    87  // location, it returns (nil, syscall.EINVAL).
    88  func UTF16FromString(s string) ([]uint16, error) {
    89  	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
    90  		if s[i] == 0 {
    91  			return nil, syscall.EINVAL
    92  		}
    93  	}
    94  	return utf16.Encode([]rune(s + "\x00")), nil
    95  }
    96  
    97  // UTF16ToString returns the UTF-8 encoding of the UTF-16 sequence s,
    98  // with a terminating NUL and any bytes after the NUL removed.
    99  func UTF16ToString(s []uint16) string {
   100  	for i, v := range s {
   101  		if v == 0 {
   102  			s = s[:i]
   103  			break
   104  		}
   105  	}
   106  	return string(utf16.Decode(s))
   107  }
   108  
   109  // StringToUTF16Ptr is deprecated. Use UTF16PtrFromString instead.
   110  // If s contains a NUL byte this function panics instead of
   111  // returning an error.
   112  func StringToUTF16Ptr(s string) *uint16 { return &StringToUTF16(s)[0] }
   113  
   114  // UTF16PtrFromString returns pointer to the UTF-16 encoding of
   115  // the UTF-8 string s, with a terminating NUL added. If s
   116  // contains a NUL byte at any location, it returns (nil, syscall.EINVAL).
   117  func UTF16PtrFromString(s string) (*uint16, error) {
   118  	a, err := UTF16FromString(s)
   119  	if err != nil {
   120  		return nil, err
   121  	}
   122  	return &a[0], nil
   123  }
   124  
   125  // UTF16PtrToString takes a pointer to a UTF-16 sequence and returns the corresponding UTF-8 encoded string.
   126  // If the pointer is nil, it returns the empty string. It assumes that the UTF-16 sequence is terminated
   127  // at a zero word; if the zero word is not present, the program may crash.
   128  func UTF16PtrToString(p *uint16) string {
   129  	if p == nil {
   130  		return ""
   131  	}
   132  	if *p == 0 {
   133  		return ""
   134  	}
   135  
   136  	// Find NUL terminator.
   137  	n := 0
   138  	for ptr := unsafe.Pointer(p); *(*uint16)(ptr) != 0; n++ {
   139  		ptr = unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(ptr) + unsafe.Sizeof(*p))
   140  	}
   141  
   142  	var s []uint16
   143  	h := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&s))
   144  	h.Data = unsafe.Pointer(p)
   145  	h.Len = n
   146  	h.Cap = n
   147  
   148  	return string(utf16.Decode(s))
   149  }
   150  
   151  func Getpagesize() int { return 4096 }
   152  
   153  // NewCallback converts a Go function to a function pointer conforming to the stdcall calling convention.
   154  // This is useful when interoperating with Windows code requiring callbacks.
   155  // The argument is expected to be a function with with one uintptr-sized result. The function must not have arguments with size larger than the size of uintptr.
   156  func NewCallback(fn interface{}) uintptr {
   157  	return syscall.NewCallback(fn)
   158  }
   159  
   160  // NewCallbackCDecl converts a Go function to a function pointer conforming to the cdecl calling convention.
   161  // This is useful when interoperating with Windows code requiring callbacks.
   162  // The argument is expected to be a function with with one uintptr-sized result. The function must not have arguments with size larger than the size of uintptr.
   163  func NewCallbackCDecl(fn interface{}) uintptr {
   164  	return syscall.NewCallbackCDecl(fn)
   165  }
   166  
   167  // windows api calls
   168  
   169  //sys	GetLastError() (lasterr error)
   170  //sys	LoadLibrary(libname string) (handle Handle, err error) = LoadLibraryW
   171  //sys	LoadLibraryEx(libname string, zero Handle, flags uintptr) (handle Handle, err error) = LoadLibraryExW
   172  //sys	FreeLibrary(handle Handle) (err error)
   173  //sys	GetProcAddress(module Handle, procname string) (proc uintptr, err error)
   174  //sys	GetModuleFileName(module Handle, filename *uint16, size uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetModuleFileNameW
   175  //sys	GetModuleHandleEx(flags uint32, moduleName *uint16, module *Handle) (err error) = kernel32.GetModuleHandleExW
   176  //sys	SetDefaultDllDirectories(directoryFlags uint32) (err error)
   177  //sys	SetDllDirectory(path string) (err error) = kernel32.SetDllDirectoryW
   178  //sys	GetVersion() (ver uint32, err error)
   179  //sys	FormatMessage(flags uint32, msgsrc uintptr, msgid uint32, langid uint32, buf []uint16, args *byte) (n uint32, err error) = FormatMessageW
   180  //sys	ExitProcess(exitcode uint32)
   181  //sys	IsWow64Process(handle Handle, isWow64 *bool) (err error) = IsWow64Process
   182  //sys	IsWow64Process2(handle Handle, processMachine *uint16, nativeMachine *uint16) (err error) = IsWow64Process2?
   183  //sys	CreateFile(name *uint16, access uint32, mode uint32, sa *SecurityAttributes, createmode uint32, attrs uint32, templatefile Handle) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = CreateFileW
   184  //sys	CreateNamedPipe(name *uint16, flags uint32, pipeMode uint32, maxInstances uint32, outSize uint32, inSize uint32, defaultTimeout uint32, sa *SecurityAttributes) (handle Handle, err error)  [failretval==InvalidHandle] = CreateNamedPipeW
   185  //sys	ConnectNamedPipe(pipe Handle, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   186  //sys	GetNamedPipeInfo(pipe Handle, flags *uint32, outSize *uint32, inSize *uint32, maxInstances *uint32) (err error)
   187  //sys	GetNamedPipeHandleState(pipe Handle, state *uint32, curInstances *uint32, maxCollectionCount *uint32, collectDataTimeout *uint32, userName *uint16, maxUserNameSize uint32) (err error) = GetNamedPipeHandleStateW
   188  //sys	SetNamedPipeHandleState(pipe Handle, state *uint32, maxCollectionCount *uint32, collectDataTimeout *uint32) (err error) = SetNamedPipeHandleState
   189  //sys	ReadFile(handle Handle, buf []byte, done *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   190  //sys	WriteFile(handle Handle, buf []byte, done *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   191  //sys	GetOverlappedResult(handle Handle, overlapped *Overlapped, done *uint32, wait bool) (err error)
   192  //sys	SetFilePointer(handle Handle, lowoffset int32, highoffsetptr *int32, whence uint32) (newlowoffset uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
   193  //sys	CloseHandle(handle Handle) (err error)
   194  //sys	GetStdHandle(stdhandle uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle]
   195  //sys	SetStdHandle(stdhandle uint32, handle Handle) (err error)
   196  //sys	findFirstFile1(name *uint16, data *win32finddata1) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstFileW
   197  //sys	findNextFile1(handle Handle, data *win32finddata1) (err error) = FindNextFileW
   198  //sys	FindClose(handle Handle) (err error)
   199  //sys	GetFileInformationByHandle(handle Handle, data *ByHandleFileInformation) (err error)
   200  //sys	GetFileInformationByHandleEx(handle Handle, class uint32, outBuffer *byte, outBufferLen uint32) (err error)
   201  //sys	SetFileInformationByHandle(handle Handle, class uint32, inBuffer *byte, inBufferLen uint32) (err error)
   202  //sys	GetCurrentDirectory(buflen uint32, buf *uint16) (n uint32, err error) = GetCurrentDirectoryW
   203  //sys	SetCurrentDirectory(path *uint16) (err error) = SetCurrentDirectoryW
   204  //sys	CreateDirectory(path *uint16, sa *SecurityAttributes) (err error) = CreateDirectoryW
   205  //sys	RemoveDirectory(path *uint16) (err error) = RemoveDirectoryW
   206  //sys	DeleteFile(path *uint16) (err error) = DeleteFileW
   207  //sys	MoveFile(from *uint16, to *uint16) (err error) = MoveFileW
   208  //sys	MoveFileEx(from *uint16, to *uint16, flags uint32) (err error) = MoveFileExW
   209  //sys	LockFileEx(file Handle, flags uint32, reserved uint32, bytesLow uint32, bytesHigh uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   210  //sys	UnlockFileEx(file Handle, reserved uint32, bytesLow uint32, bytesHigh uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   211  //sys	GetComputerName(buf *uint16, n *uint32) (err error) = GetComputerNameW
   212  //sys	GetComputerNameEx(nametype uint32, buf *uint16, n *uint32) (err error) = GetComputerNameExW
   213  //sys	SetEndOfFile(handle Handle) (err error)
   214  //sys	GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(time *Filetime)
   215  //sys	GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime(time *Filetime)
   216  //sys	GetTimeZoneInformation(tzi *Timezoneinformation) (rc uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
   217  //sys	CreateIoCompletionPort(filehandle Handle, cphandle Handle, key uintptr, threadcnt uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
   218  //sys	GetQueuedCompletionStatus(cphandle Handle, qty *uint32, key *uintptr, overlapped **Overlapped, timeout uint32) (err error)
   219  //sys	PostQueuedCompletionStatus(cphandle Handle, qty uint32, key uintptr, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   220  //sys	CancelIo(s Handle) (err error)
   221  //sys	CancelIoEx(s Handle, o *Overlapped) (err error)
   222  //sys	CreateProcess(appName *uint16, commandLine *uint16, procSecurity *SecurityAttributes, threadSecurity *SecurityAttributes, inheritHandles bool, creationFlags uint32, env *uint16, currentDir *uint16, startupInfo *StartupInfo, outProcInfo *ProcessInformation) (err error) = CreateProcessW
   223  //sys	CreateProcessAsUser(token Token, appName *uint16, commandLine *uint16, procSecurity *SecurityAttributes, threadSecurity *SecurityAttributes, inheritHandles bool, creationFlags uint32, env *uint16, currentDir *uint16, startupInfo *StartupInfo, outProcInfo *ProcessInformation) (err error) = advapi32.CreateProcessAsUserW
   224  //sys   initializeProcThreadAttributeList(attrlist *ProcThreadAttributeList, attrcount uint32, flags uint32, size *uintptr) (err error) = InitializeProcThreadAttributeList
   225  //sys   deleteProcThreadAttributeList(attrlist *ProcThreadAttributeList) = DeleteProcThreadAttributeList
   226  //sys   updateProcThreadAttribute(attrlist *ProcThreadAttributeList, flags uint32, attr uintptr, value unsafe.Pointer, size uintptr, prevvalue unsafe.Pointer, returnedsize *uintptr) (err error) = UpdateProcThreadAttribute
   227  //sys	OpenProcess(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, processId uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
   228  //sys	ShellExecute(hwnd Handle, verb *uint16, file *uint16, args *uint16, cwd *uint16, showCmd int32) (err error) [failretval<=32] = shell32.ShellExecuteW
   229  //sys	GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd HWND, pid *uint32) (tid uint32, err error) = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId
   230  //sys	GetShellWindow() (shellWindow HWND) = user32.GetShellWindow
   231  //sys	MessageBox(hwnd HWND, text *uint16, caption *uint16, boxtype uint32) (ret int32, err error) [failretval==0] = user32.MessageBoxW
   232  //sys	ExitWindowsEx(flags uint32, reason uint32) (err error) = user32.ExitWindowsEx
   233  //sys	shGetKnownFolderPath(id *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32, token Token, path **uint16) (ret error) = shell32.SHGetKnownFolderPath
   234  //sys	TerminateProcess(handle Handle, exitcode uint32) (err error)
   235  //sys	GetExitCodeProcess(handle Handle, exitcode *uint32) (err error)
   236  //sys	GetStartupInfo(startupInfo *StartupInfo) (err error) = GetStartupInfoW
   237  //sys	GetProcessTimes(handle Handle, creationTime *Filetime, exitTime *Filetime, kernelTime *Filetime, userTime *Filetime) (err error)
   238  //sys	DuplicateHandle(hSourceProcessHandle Handle, hSourceHandle Handle, hTargetProcessHandle Handle, lpTargetHandle *Handle, dwDesiredAccess uint32, bInheritHandle bool, dwOptions uint32) (err error)
   239  //sys	WaitForSingleObject(handle Handle, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff]
   240  //sys	waitForMultipleObjects(count uint32, handles uintptr, waitAll bool, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff] = WaitForMultipleObjects
   241  //sys	GetTempPath(buflen uint32, buf *uint16) (n uint32, err error) = GetTempPathW
   242  //sys	CreatePipe(readhandle *Handle, writehandle *Handle, sa *SecurityAttributes, size uint32) (err error)
   243  //sys	GetFileType(filehandle Handle) (n uint32, err error)
   244  //sys	CryptAcquireContext(provhandle *Handle, container *uint16, provider *uint16, provtype uint32, flags uint32) (err error) = advapi32.CryptAcquireContextW
   245  //sys	CryptReleaseContext(provhandle Handle, flags uint32) (err error) = advapi32.CryptReleaseContext
   246  //sys	CryptGenRandom(provhandle Handle, buflen uint32, buf *byte) (err error) = advapi32.CryptGenRandom
   247  //sys	GetEnvironmentStrings() (envs *uint16, err error) [failretval==nil] = kernel32.GetEnvironmentStringsW
   248  //sys	FreeEnvironmentStrings(envs *uint16) (err error) = kernel32.FreeEnvironmentStringsW
   249  //sys	GetEnvironmentVariable(name *uint16, buffer *uint16, size uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetEnvironmentVariableW
   250  //sys	SetEnvironmentVariable(name *uint16, value *uint16) (err error) = kernel32.SetEnvironmentVariableW
   251  //sys	CreateEnvironmentBlock(block **uint16, token Token, inheritExisting bool) (err error) = userenv.CreateEnvironmentBlock
   252  //sys	DestroyEnvironmentBlock(block *uint16) (err error) = userenv.DestroyEnvironmentBlock
   253  //sys	getTickCount64() (ms uint64) = kernel32.GetTickCount64
   254  //sys	SetFileTime(handle Handle, ctime *Filetime, atime *Filetime, wtime *Filetime) (err error)
   255  //sys	GetFileAttributes(name *uint16) (attrs uint32, err error) [failretval==INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES] = kernel32.GetFileAttributesW
   256  //sys	SetFileAttributes(name *uint16, attrs uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetFileAttributesW
   257  //sys	GetFileAttributesEx(name *uint16, level uint32, info *byte) (err error) = kernel32.GetFileAttributesExW
   258  //sys	GetCommandLine() (cmd *uint16) = kernel32.GetCommandLineW
   259  //sys	CommandLineToArgv(cmd *uint16, argc *int32) (argv *[8192]*[8192]uint16, err error) [failretval==nil] = shell32.CommandLineToArgvW
   260  //sys	LocalFree(hmem Handle) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval!=0]
   261  //sys	LocalAlloc(flags uint32, length uint32) (ptr uintptr, err error)
   262  //sys	SetHandleInformation(handle Handle, mask uint32, flags uint32) (err error)
   263  //sys	FlushFileBuffers(handle Handle) (err error)
   264  //sys	GetFullPathName(path *uint16, buflen uint32, buf *uint16, fname **uint16) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetFullPathNameW
   265  //sys	GetLongPathName(path *uint16, buf *uint16, buflen uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetLongPathNameW
   266  //sys	GetShortPathName(longpath *uint16, shortpath *uint16, buflen uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetShortPathNameW
   267  //sys	GetFinalPathNameByHandle(file Handle, filePath *uint16, filePathSize uint32, flags uint32) (n uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetFinalPathNameByHandleW
   268  //sys	CreateFileMapping(fhandle Handle, sa *SecurityAttributes, prot uint32, maxSizeHigh uint32, maxSizeLow uint32, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateFileMappingW
   269  //sys	MapViewOfFile(handle Handle, access uint32, offsetHigh uint32, offsetLow uint32, length uintptr) (addr uintptr, err error)
   270  //sys	UnmapViewOfFile(addr uintptr) (err error)
   271  //sys	FlushViewOfFile(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
   272  //sys	VirtualLock(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
   273  //sys	VirtualUnlock(addr uintptr, length uintptr) (err error)
   274  //sys	VirtualAlloc(address uintptr, size uintptr, alloctype uint32, protect uint32) (value uintptr, err error) = kernel32.VirtualAlloc
   275  //sys	VirtualFree(address uintptr, size uintptr, freetype uint32) (err error) = kernel32.VirtualFree
   276  //sys	VirtualProtect(address uintptr, size uintptr, newprotect uint32, oldprotect *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.VirtualProtect
   277  //sys	TransmitFile(s Handle, handle Handle, bytesToWrite uint32, bytsPerSend uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, transmitFileBuf *TransmitFileBuffers, flags uint32) (err error) = mswsock.TransmitFile
   278  //sys	ReadDirectoryChanges(handle Handle, buf *byte, buflen uint32, watchSubTree bool, mask uint32, retlen *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, completionRoutine uintptr) (err error) = kernel32.ReadDirectoryChangesW
   279  //sys	FindFirstChangeNotification(path string, watchSubtree bool, notifyFilter uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = kernel32.FindFirstChangeNotificationW
   280  //sys	FindNextChangeNotification(handle Handle) (err error)
   281  //sys	FindCloseChangeNotification(handle Handle) (err error)
   282  //sys	CertOpenSystemStore(hprov Handle, name *uint16) (store Handle, err error) = crypt32.CertOpenSystemStoreW
   283  //sys	CertOpenStore(storeProvider uintptr, msgAndCertEncodingType uint32, cryptProv uintptr, flags uint32, para uintptr) (handle Handle, err error) = crypt32.CertOpenStore
   284  //sys	CertEnumCertificatesInStore(store Handle, prevContext *CertContext) (context *CertContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertEnumCertificatesInStore
   285  //sys	CertAddCertificateContextToStore(store Handle, certContext *CertContext, addDisposition uint32, storeContext **CertContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertAddCertificateContextToStore
   286  //sys	CertCloseStore(store Handle, flags uint32) (err error) = crypt32.CertCloseStore
   287  //sys	CertDeleteCertificateFromStore(certContext *CertContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertDeleteCertificateFromStore
   288  //sys	CertDuplicateCertificateContext(certContext *CertContext) (dupContext *CertContext) = crypt32.CertDuplicateCertificateContext
   289  //sys	PFXImportCertStore(pfx *CryptDataBlob, password *uint16, flags uint32) (store Handle, err error) = crypt32.PFXImportCertStore
   290  //sys	CertGetCertificateChain(engine Handle, leaf *CertContext, time *Filetime, additionalStore Handle, para *CertChainPara, flags uint32, reserved uintptr, chainCtx **CertChainContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertGetCertificateChain
   291  //sys	CertFreeCertificateChain(ctx *CertChainContext) = crypt32.CertFreeCertificateChain
   292  //sys	CertCreateCertificateContext(certEncodingType uint32, certEncoded *byte, encodedLen uint32) (context *CertContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertCreateCertificateContext
   293  //sys	CertFreeCertificateContext(ctx *CertContext) (err error) = crypt32.CertFreeCertificateContext
   294  //sys	CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy(policyOID uintptr, chain *CertChainContext, para *CertChainPolicyPara, status *CertChainPolicyStatus) (err error) = crypt32.CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy
   295  //sys	CertGetNameString(certContext *CertContext, nameType uint32, flags uint32, typePara unsafe.Pointer, name *uint16, size uint32) (chars uint32) = crypt32.CertGetNameStringW
   296  //sys	CertFindExtension(objId *byte, countExtensions uint32, extensions *CertExtension) (ret *CertExtension) = crypt32.CertFindExtension
   297  //sys   CertFindCertificateInStore(store Handle, certEncodingType uint32, findFlags uint32, findType uint32, findPara unsafe.Pointer, prevCertContext *CertContext) (cert *CertContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertFindCertificateInStore
   298  //sys   CertFindChainInStore(store Handle, certEncodingType uint32, findFlags uint32, findType uint32, findPara unsafe.Pointer, prevChainContext *CertChainContext) (certchain *CertChainContext, err error) [failretval==nil] = crypt32.CertFindChainInStore
   299  //sys   CryptAcquireCertificatePrivateKey(cert *CertContext, flags uint32, parameters unsafe.Pointer, cryptProvOrNCryptKey *Handle, keySpec *uint32, callerFreeProvOrNCryptKey *bool) (err error) = crypt32.CryptAcquireCertificatePrivateKey
   300  //sys	CryptQueryObject(objectType uint32, object unsafe.Pointer, expectedContentTypeFlags uint32, expectedFormatTypeFlags uint32, flags uint32, msgAndCertEncodingType *uint32, contentType *uint32, formatType *uint32, certStore *Handle, msg *Handle, context *unsafe.Pointer) (err error) = crypt32.CryptQueryObject
   301  //sys	CryptDecodeObject(encodingType uint32, structType *byte, encodedBytes *byte, lenEncodedBytes uint32, flags uint32, decoded unsafe.Pointer, decodedLen *uint32) (err error) = crypt32.CryptDecodeObject
   302  //sys	CryptProtectData(dataIn *DataBlob, name *uint16, optionalEntropy *DataBlob, reserved uintptr, promptStruct *CryptProtectPromptStruct, flags uint32, dataOut *DataBlob) (err error) = crypt32.CryptProtectData
   303  //sys	CryptUnprotectData(dataIn *DataBlob, name **uint16, optionalEntropy *DataBlob, reserved uintptr, promptStruct *CryptProtectPromptStruct, flags uint32, dataOut *DataBlob) (err error) = crypt32.CryptUnprotectData
   304  //sys	WinVerifyTrustEx(hwnd HWND, actionId *GUID, data *WinTrustData) (ret error) = wintrust.WinVerifyTrustEx
   305  //sys	RegOpenKeyEx(key Handle, subkey *uint16, options uint32, desiredAccess uint32, result *Handle) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegOpenKeyExW
   306  //sys	RegCloseKey(key Handle) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegCloseKey
   307  //sys	RegQueryInfoKey(key Handle, class *uint16, classLen *uint32, reserved *uint32, subkeysLen *uint32, maxSubkeyLen *uint32, maxClassLen *uint32, valuesLen *uint32, maxValueNameLen *uint32, maxValueLen *uint32, saLen *uint32, lastWriteTime *Filetime) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegQueryInfoKeyW
   308  //sys	RegEnumKeyEx(key Handle, index uint32, name *uint16, nameLen *uint32, reserved *uint32, class *uint16, classLen *uint32, lastWriteTime *Filetime) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegEnumKeyExW
   309  //sys	RegQueryValueEx(key Handle, name *uint16, reserved *uint32, valtype *uint32, buf *byte, buflen *uint32) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegQueryValueExW
   310  //sys	RegNotifyChangeKeyValue(key Handle, watchSubtree bool, notifyFilter uint32, event Handle, asynchronous bool) (regerrno error) = advapi32.RegNotifyChangeKeyValue
   311  //sys	GetCurrentProcessId() (pid uint32) = kernel32.GetCurrentProcessId
   312  //sys	ProcessIdToSessionId(pid uint32, sessionid *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.ProcessIdToSessionId
   313  //sys	GetConsoleMode(console Handle, mode *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetConsoleMode
   314  //sys	SetConsoleMode(console Handle, mode uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetConsoleMode
   315  //sys	GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console Handle, info *ConsoleScreenBufferInfo) (err error) = kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo
   316  //sys	setConsoleCursorPosition(console Handle, position uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetConsoleCursorPosition
   317  //sys	WriteConsole(console Handle, buf *uint16, towrite uint32, written *uint32, reserved *byte) (err error) = kernel32.WriteConsoleW
   318  //sys	ReadConsole(console Handle, buf *uint16, toread uint32, read *uint32, inputControl *byte) (err error) = kernel32.ReadConsoleW
   319  //sys	CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(flags uint32, processId uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = kernel32.CreateToolhelp32Snapshot
   320  //sys	Process32First(snapshot Handle, procEntry *ProcessEntry32) (err error) = kernel32.Process32FirstW
   321  //sys	Process32Next(snapshot Handle, procEntry *ProcessEntry32) (err error) = kernel32.Process32NextW
   322  //sys	Thread32First(snapshot Handle, threadEntry *ThreadEntry32) (err error)
   323  //sys	Thread32Next(snapshot Handle, threadEntry *ThreadEntry32) (err error)
   324  //sys	DeviceIoControl(handle Handle, ioControlCode uint32, inBuffer *byte, inBufferSize uint32, outBuffer *byte, outBufferSize uint32, bytesReturned *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error)
   325  // This function returns 1 byte BOOLEAN rather than the 4 byte BOOL.
   326  //sys	CreateSymbolicLink(symlinkfilename *uint16, targetfilename *uint16, flags uint32) (err error) [failretval&0xff==0] = CreateSymbolicLinkW
   327  //sys	CreateHardLink(filename *uint16, existingfilename *uint16, reserved uintptr) (err error) [failretval&0xff==0] = CreateHardLinkW
   328  //sys	GetCurrentThreadId() (id uint32)
   329  //sys	CreateEvent(eventAttrs *SecurityAttributes, manualReset uint32, initialState uint32, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateEventW
   330  //sys	CreateEventEx(eventAttrs *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16, flags uint32, desiredAccess uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateEventExW
   331  //sys	OpenEvent(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.OpenEventW
   332  //sys	SetEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.SetEvent
   333  //sys	ResetEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.ResetEvent
   334  //sys	PulseEvent(event Handle) (err error) = kernel32.PulseEvent
   335  //sys	CreateMutex(mutexAttrs *SecurityAttributes, initialOwner bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateMutexW
   336  //sys	CreateMutexEx(mutexAttrs *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16, flags uint32, desiredAccess uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval == 0 || e1 == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS] = kernel32.CreateMutexExW
   337  //sys	OpenMutex(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.OpenMutexW
   338  //sys	ReleaseMutex(mutex Handle) (err error) = kernel32.ReleaseMutex
   339  //sys	SleepEx(milliseconds uint32, alertable bool) (ret uint32) = kernel32.SleepEx
   340  //sys	CreateJobObject(jobAttr *SecurityAttributes, name *uint16) (handle Handle, err error) = kernel32.CreateJobObjectW
   341  //sys	AssignProcessToJobObject(job Handle, process Handle) (err error) = kernel32.AssignProcessToJobObject
   342  //sys	TerminateJobObject(job Handle, exitCode uint32) (err error) = kernel32.TerminateJobObject
   343  //sys	SetErrorMode(mode uint32) (ret uint32) = kernel32.SetErrorMode
   344  //sys	ResumeThread(thread Handle) (ret uint32, err error) [failretval==0xffffffff] = kernel32.ResumeThread
   345  //sys	SetPriorityClass(process Handle, priorityClass uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetPriorityClass
   346  //sys	GetPriorityClass(process Handle) (ret uint32, err error) = kernel32.GetPriorityClass
   347  //sys	QueryInformationJobObject(job Handle, JobObjectInformationClass int32, JobObjectInformation uintptr, JobObjectInformationLength uint32, retlen *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.QueryInformationJobObject
   348  //sys	SetInformationJobObject(job Handle, JobObjectInformationClass uint32, JobObjectInformation uintptr, JobObjectInformationLength uint32) (ret int, err error)
   349  //sys	GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent(ctrlEvent uint32, processGroupID uint32) (err error)
   350  //sys	GetProcessId(process Handle) (id uint32, err error)
   351  //sys	QueryFullProcessImageName(proc Handle, flags uint32, exeName *uint16, size *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.QueryFullProcessImageNameW
   352  //sys	OpenThread(desiredAccess uint32, inheritHandle bool, threadId uint32) (handle Handle, err error)
   353  //sys	SetProcessPriorityBoost(process Handle, disable bool) (err error) = kernel32.SetProcessPriorityBoost
   354  //sys	GetProcessWorkingSetSizeEx(hProcess Handle, lpMinimumWorkingSetSize *uintptr, lpMaximumWorkingSetSize *uintptr, flags *uint32)
   355  //sys	SetProcessWorkingSetSizeEx(hProcess Handle, dwMinimumWorkingSetSize uintptr, dwMaximumWorkingSetSize uintptr, flags uint32) (err error)
   356  //sys	GetCommTimeouts(handle Handle, timeouts *CommTimeouts) (err error)
   357  //sys	SetCommTimeouts(handle Handle, timeouts *CommTimeouts) (err error)
   358  
   359  // Volume Management Functions
   360  //sys	DefineDosDevice(flags uint32, deviceName *uint16, targetPath *uint16) (err error) = DefineDosDeviceW
   361  //sys	DeleteVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16) (err error) = DeleteVolumeMountPointW
   362  //sys	FindFirstVolume(volumeName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstVolumeW
   363  //sys	FindFirstVolumeMountPoint(rootPathName *uint16, volumeMountPoint *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = FindFirstVolumeMountPointW
   364  //sys	FindNextVolume(findVolume Handle, volumeName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = FindNextVolumeW
   365  //sys	FindNextVolumeMountPoint(findVolumeMountPoint Handle, volumeMountPoint *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = FindNextVolumeMountPointW
   366  //sys	FindVolumeClose(findVolume Handle) (err error)
   367  //sys	FindVolumeMountPointClose(findVolumeMountPoint Handle) (err error)
   368  //sys	GetDiskFreeSpaceEx(directoryName *uint16, freeBytesAvailableToCaller *uint64, totalNumberOfBytes *uint64, totalNumberOfFreeBytes *uint64) (err error) = GetDiskFreeSpaceExW
   369  //sys	GetDriveType(rootPathName *uint16) (driveType uint32) = GetDriveTypeW
   370  //sys	GetLogicalDrives() (drivesBitMask uint32, err error) [failretval==0]
   371  //sys	GetLogicalDriveStrings(bufferLength uint32, buffer *uint16) (n uint32, err error) [failretval==0] = GetLogicalDriveStringsW
   372  //sys	GetVolumeInformation(rootPathName *uint16, volumeNameBuffer *uint16, volumeNameSize uint32, volumeNameSerialNumber *uint32, maximumComponentLength *uint32, fileSystemFlags *uint32, fileSystemNameBuffer *uint16, fileSystemNameSize uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeInformationW
   373  //sys	GetVolumeInformationByHandle(file Handle, volumeNameBuffer *uint16, volumeNameSize uint32, volumeNameSerialNumber *uint32, maximumComponentLength *uint32, fileSystemFlags *uint32, fileSystemNameBuffer *uint16, fileSystemNameSize uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeInformationByHandleW
   374  //sys	GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16, volumeName *uint16, bufferlength uint32) (err error) = GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPointW
   375  //sys	GetVolumePathName(fileName *uint16, volumePathName *uint16, bufferLength uint32) (err error) = GetVolumePathNameW
   376  //sys	GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeName(volumeName *uint16, volumePathNames *uint16, bufferLength uint32, returnLength *uint32) (err error) = GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeNameW
   377  //sys	QueryDosDevice(deviceName *uint16, targetPath *uint16, max uint32) (n uint32, err error) [failretval==0] = QueryDosDeviceW
   378  //sys	SetVolumeLabel(rootPathName *uint16, volumeName *uint16) (err error) = SetVolumeLabelW
   379  //sys	SetVolumeMountPoint(volumeMountPoint *uint16, volumeName *uint16) (err error) = SetVolumeMountPointW
   380  //sys	InitiateSystemShutdownEx(machineName *uint16, message *uint16, timeout uint32, forceAppsClosed bool, rebootAfterShutdown bool, reason uint32) (err error) = advapi32.InitiateSystemShutdownExW
   381  //sys	SetProcessShutdownParameters(level uint32, flags uint32) (err error) = kernel32.SetProcessShutdownParameters
   382  //sys	GetProcessShutdownParameters(level *uint32, flags *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetProcessShutdownParameters
   383  //sys	clsidFromString(lpsz *uint16, pclsid *GUID) (ret error) = ole32.CLSIDFromString
   384  //sys	stringFromGUID2(rguid *GUID, lpsz *uint16, cchMax int32) (chars int32) = ole32.StringFromGUID2
   385  //sys	coCreateGuid(pguid *GUID) (ret error) = ole32.CoCreateGuid
   386  //sys	CoTaskMemFree(address unsafe.Pointer) = ole32.CoTaskMemFree
   387  //sys	CoInitializeEx(reserved uintptr, coInit uint32) (ret error) = ole32.CoInitializeEx
   388  //sys	CoUninitialize() = ole32.CoUninitialize
   389  //sys	CoGetObject(name *uint16, bindOpts *BIND_OPTS3, guid *GUID, functionTable **uintptr) (ret error) = ole32.CoGetObject
   390  //sys	getProcessPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetProcessPreferredUILanguages
   391  //sys	getThreadPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetThreadPreferredUILanguages
   392  //sys	getUserPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetUserPreferredUILanguages
   393  //sys	getSystemPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) (err error) = kernel32.GetSystemPreferredUILanguages
   394  //sys	findResource(module Handle, name uintptr, resType uintptr) (resInfo Handle, err error) = kernel32.FindResourceW
   395  //sys	SizeofResource(module Handle, resInfo Handle) (size uint32, err error) = kernel32.SizeofResource
   396  //sys	LoadResource(module Handle, resInfo Handle) (resData Handle, err error) = kernel32.LoadResource
   397  //sys	LockResource(resData Handle) (addr uintptr, err error) = kernel32.LockResource
   398  
   399  // Process Status API (PSAPI)
   400  //sys	EnumProcesses(processIds []uint32, bytesReturned *uint32) (err error) = psapi.EnumProcesses
   401  //sys	EnumProcessModules(process Handle, module *Handle, cb uint32, cbNeeded *uint32) (err error) = psapi.EnumProcessModules
   402  //sys	EnumProcessModulesEx(process Handle, module *Handle, cb uint32, cbNeeded *uint32, filterFlag uint32) (err error) = psapi.EnumProcessModulesEx
   403  //sys	GetModuleInformation(process Handle, module Handle, modinfo *ModuleInfo, cb uint32) (err error) = psapi.GetModuleInformation
   404  //sys	GetModuleFileNameEx(process Handle, module Handle, filename *uint16, size uint32) (err error) = psapi.GetModuleFileNameExW
   405  //sys	GetModuleBaseName(process Handle, module Handle, baseName *uint16, size uint32) (err error) = psapi.GetModuleBaseNameW
   406  
   407  // NT Native APIs
   408  //sys	rtlNtStatusToDosErrorNoTeb(ntstatus NTStatus) (ret syscall.Errno) = ntdll.RtlNtStatusToDosErrorNoTeb
   409  //sys	rtlGetVersion(info *OsVersionInfoEx) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlGetVersion
   410  //sys	rtlGetNtVersionNumbers(majorVersion *uint32, minorVersion *uint32, buildNumber *uint32) = ntdll.RtlGetNtVersionNumbers
   411  //sys	RtlGetCurrentPeb() (peb *PEB) = ntdll.RtlGetCurrentPeb
   412  //sys	RtlInitUnicodeString(destinationString *NTUnicodeString, sourceString *uint16) = ntdll.RtlInitUnicodeString
   413  //sys	RtlInitString(destinationString *NTString, sourceString *byte) = ntdll.RtlInitString
   414  //sys	NtCreateFile(handle *Handle, access uint32, oa *OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, iosb *IO_STATUS_BLOCK, allocationSize *int64, attributes uint32, share uint32, disposition uint32, options uint32, eabuffer uintptr, ealength uint32) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtCreateFile
   415  //sys	NtCreateNamedPipeFile(pipe *Handle, access uint32, oa *OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, iosb *IO_STATUS_BLOCK, share uint32, disposition uint32, options uint32, typ uint32, readMode uint32, completionMode uint32, maxInstances uint32, inboundQuota uint32, outputQuota uint32, timeout *int64) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtCreateNamedPipeFile
   416  //sys	RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName(dosName *uint16, ntName *NTUnicodeString, ntFileNamePart *uint16, relativeName *RTL_RELATIVE_NAME) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName_U_WithStatus
   417  //sys	RtlDosPathNameToRelativeNtPathName(dosName *uint16, ntName *NTUnicodeString, ntFileNamePart *uint16, relativeName *RTL_RELATIVE_NAME) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlDosPathNameToRelativeNtPathName_U_WithStatus
   418  //sys	RtlDefaultNpAcl(acl **ACL) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.RtlDefaultNpAcl
   419  //sys	NtQueryInformationProcess(proc Handle, procInfoClass int32, procInfo unsafe.Pointer, procInfoLen uint32, retLen *uint32) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtQueryInformationProcess
   420  //sys	NtSetInformationProcess(proc Handle, procInfoClass int32, procInfo unsafe.Pointer, procInfoLen uint32) (ntstatus error) = ntdll.NtSetInformationProcess
   421  
   422  // syscall interface implementation for other packages
   423  
   424  // GetCurrentProcess returns the handle for the current process.
   425  // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
   426  // The returned error is always nil.
   427  //
   428  // Deprecated: use CurrentProcess for the same Handle without the nil
   429  // error.
   430  func GetCurrentProcess() (Handle, error) {
   431  	return CurrentProcess(), nil
   432  }
   433  
   434  // CurrentProcess returns the handle for the current process.
   435  // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
   436  func CurrentProcess() Handle { return Handle(^uintptr(1 - 1)) }
   437  
   438  // GetCurrentThread returns the handle for the current thread.
   439  // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
   440  // The returned error is always nil.
   441  //
   442  // Deprecated: use CurrentThread for the same Handle without the nil
   443  // error.
   444  func GetCurrentThread() (Handle, error) {
   445  	return CurrentThread(), nil
   446  }
   447  
   448  // CurrentThread returns the handle for the current thread.
   449  // It is a pseudo handle that does not need to be closed.
   450  func CurrentThread() Handle { return Handle(^uintptr(2 - 1)) }
   451  
   452  // GetProcAddressByOrdinal retrieves the address of the exported
   453  // function from module by ordinal.
   454  func GetProcAddressByOrdinal(module Handle, ordinal uintptr) (proc uintptr, err error) {
   455  	r0, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall(procGetProcAddress.Addr(), 2, uintptr(module), ordinal, 0)
   456  	proc = uintptr(r0)
   457  	if proc == 0 {
   458  		err = errnoErr(e1)
   459  	}
   460  	return
   461  }
   462  
   463  func Exit(code int) { ExitProcess(uint32(code)) }
   464  
   465  func makeInheritSa() *SecurityAttributes {
   466  	var sa SecurityAttributes
   467  	sa.Length = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa))
   468  	sa.InheritHandle = 1
   469  	return &sa
   470  }
   471  
   472  func Open(path string, mode int, perm uint32) (fd Handle, err error) {
   473  	if len(path) == 0 {
   474  		return InvalidHandle, ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
   475  	}
   476  	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   477  	if err != nil {
   478  		return InvalidHandle, err
   479  	}
   480  	var access uint32
   481  	switch mode & (O_RDONLY | O_WRONLY | O_RDWR) {
   482  	case O_RDONLY:
   483  		access = GENERIC_READ
   484  	case O_WRONLY:
   485  		access = GENERIC_WRITE
   486  	case O_RDWR:
   487  		access = GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE
   488  	}
   489  	if mode&O_CREAT != 0 {
   490  		access |= GENERIC_WRITE
   491  	}
   492  	if mode&O_APPEND != 0 {
   493  		access &^= GENERIC_WRITE
   494  		access |= FILE_APPEND_DATA
   495  	}
   496  	sharemode := uint32(FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE)
   497  	var sa *SecurityAttributes
   498  	if mode&O_CLOEXEC == 0 {
   499  		sa = makeInheritSa()
   500  	}
   501  	var createmode uint32
   502  	switch {
   503  	case mode&(O_CREAT|O_EXCL) == (O_CREAT | O_EXCL):
   504  		createmode = CREATE_NEW
   505  	case mode&(O_CREAT|O_TRUNC) == (O_CREAT | O_TRUNC):
   506  		createmode = CREATE_ALWAYS
   507  	case mode&O_CREAT == O_CREAT:
   508  		createmode = OPEN_ALWAYS
   509  	case mode&O_TRUNC == O_TRUNC:
   510  		createmode = TRUNCATE_EXISTING
   511  	default:
   512  		createmode = OPEN_EXISTING
   513  	}
   514  	var attrs uint32 = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL
   515  	if perm&S_IWRITE == 0 {
   516  		attrs = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
   517  	}
   518  	h, e := CreateFile(pathp, access, sharemode, sa, createmode, attrs, 0)
   519  	return h, e
   520  }
   521  
   522  func Read(fd Handle, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
   523  	var done uint32
   524  	e := ReadFile(fd, p, &done, nil)
   525  	if e != nil {
   526  		if e == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE {
   527  			// NOTE(brainman): work around ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE is returned on reading EOF from stdin
   528  			return 0, nil
   529  		}
   530  		return 0, e
   531  	}
   532  	if raceenabled {
   533  		if done > 0 {
   534  			raceWriteRange(unsafe.Pointer(&p[0]), int(done))
   535  		}
   536  		raceAcquire(unsafe.Pointer(&ioSync))
   537  	}
   538  	return int(done), nil
   539  }
   540  
   541  func Write(fd Handle, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
   542  	if raceenabled {
   543  		raceReleaseMerge(unsafe.Pointer(&ioSync))
   544  	}
   545  	var done uint32
   546  	e := WriteFile(fd, p, &done, nil)
   547  	if e != nil {
   548  		return 0, e
   549  	}
   550  	if raceenabled && done > 0 {
   551  		raceReadRange(unsafe.Pointer(&p[0]), int(done))
   552  	}
   553  	return int(done), nil
   554  }
   555  
   556  var ioSync int64
   557  
   558  func Seek(fd Handle, offset int64, whence int) (newoffset int64, err error) {
   559  	var w uint32
   560  	switch whence {
   561  	case 0:
   562  		w = FILE_BEGIN
   563  	case 1:
   564  		w = FILE_CURRENT
   565  	case 2:
   566  		w = FILE_END
   567  	}
   568  	hi := int32(offset >> 32)
   569  	lo := int32(offset)
   570  	// use GetFileType to check pipe, pipe can't do seek
   571  	ft, _ := GetFileType(fd)
   572  	if ft == FILE_TYPE_PIPE {
   573  		return 0, syscall.EPIPE
   574  	}
   575  	rlo, e := SetFilePointer(fd, lo, &hi, w)
   576  	if e != nil {
   577  		return 0, e
   578  	}
   579  	return int64(hi)<<32 + int64(rlo), nil
   580  }
   581  
   582  func Close(fd Handle) (err error) {
   583  	return CloseHandle(fd)
   584  }
   585  
   586  var (
   587  	Stdin  = getStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE)
   588  	Stdout = getStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
   589  	Stderr = getStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE)
   590  )
   591  
   592  func getStdHandle(stdhandle uint32) (fd Handle) {
   593  	r, _ := GetStdHandle(stdhandle)
   594  	CloseOnExec(r)
   595  	return r
   596  }
   597  
   598  const ImplementsGetwd = true
   599  
   600  func Getwd() (wd string, err error) {
   601  	b := make([]uint16, 300)
   602  	n, e := GetCurrentDirectory(uint32(len(b)), &b[0])
   603  	if e != nil {
   604  		return "", e
   605  	}
   606  	return string(utf16.Decode(b[0:n])), nil
   607  }
   608  
   609  func Chdir(path string) (err error) {
   610  	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   611  	if err != nil {
   612  		return err
   613  	}
   614  	return SetCurrentDirectory(pathp)
   615  }
   616  
   617  func Mkdir(path string, mode uint32) (err error) {
   618  	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   619  	if err != nil {
   620  		return err
   621  	}
   622  	return CreateDirectory(pathp, nil)
   623  }
   624  
   625  func Rmdir(path string) (err error) {
   626  	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   627  	if err != nil {
   628  		return err
   629  	}
   630  	return RemoveDirectory(pathp)
   631  }
   632  
   633  func Unlink(path string) (err error) {
   634  	pathp, err := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   635  	if err != nil {
   636  		return err
   637  	}
   638  	return DeleteFile(pathp)
   639  }
   640  
   641  func Rename(oldpath, newpath string) (err error) {
   642  	from, err := UTF16PtrFromString(oldpath)
   643  	if err != nil {
   644  		return err
   645  	}
   646  	to, err := UTF16PtrFromString(newpath)
   647  	if err != nil {
   648  		return err
   649  	}
   650  	return MoveFileEx(from, to, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING)
   651  }
   652  
   653  func ComputerName() (name string, err error) {
   654  	var n uint32 = MAX_COMPUTERNAME_LENGTH + 1
   655  	b := make([]uint16, n)
   656  	e := GetComputerName(&b[0], &n)
   657  	if e != nil {
   658  		return "", e
   659  	}
   660  	return string(utf16.Decode(b[0:n])), nil
   661  }
   662  
   663  func DurationSinceBoot() time.Duration {
   664  	return time.Duration(getTickCount64()) * time.Millisecond
   665  }
   666  
   667  func Ftruncate(fd Handle, length int64) (err error) {
   668  	curoffset, e := Seek(fd, 0, 1)
   669  	if e != nil {
   670  		return e
   671  	}
   672  	defer Seek(fd, curoffset, 0)
   673  	_, e = Seek(fd, length, 0)
   674  	if e != nil {
   675  		return e
   676  	}
   677  	e = SetEndOfFile(fd)
   678  	if e != nil {
   679  		return e
   680  	}
   681  	return nil
   682  }
   683  
   684  func Gettimeofday(tv *Timeval) (err error) {
   685  	var ft Filetime
   686  	GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft)
   687  	*tv = NsecToTimeval(ft.Nanoseconds())
   688  	return nil
   689  }
   690  
   691  func Pipe(p []Handle) (err error) {
   692  	if len(p) != 2 {
   693  		return syscall.EINVAL
   694  	}
   695  	var r, w Handle
   696  	e := CreatePipe(&r, &w, makeInheritSa(), 0)
   697  	if e != nil {
   698  		return e
   699  	}
   700  	p[0] = r
   701  	p[1] = w
   702  	return nil
   703  }
   704  
   705  func Utimes(path string, tv []Timeval) (err error) {
   706  	if len(tv) != 2 {
   707  		return syscall.EINVAL
   708  	}
   709  	pathp, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   710  	if e != nil {
   711  		return e
   712  	}
   713  	h, e := CreateFile(pathp,
   714  		FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, nil,
   715  		OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
   716  	if e != nil {
   717  		return e
   718  	}
   719  	defer Close(h)
   720  	a := NsecToFiletime(tv[0].Nanoseconds())
   721  	w := NsecToFiletime(tv[1].Nanoseconds())
   722  	return SetFileTime(h, nil, &a, &w)
   723  }
   724  
   725  func UtimesNano(path string, ts []Timespec) (err error) {
   726  	if len(ts) != 2 {
   727  		return syscall.EINVAL
   728  	}
   729  	pathp, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   730  	if e != nil {
   731  		return e
   732  	}
   733  	h, e := CreateFile(pathp,
   734  		FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, nil,
   735  		OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
   736  	if e != nil {
   737  		return e
   738  	}
   739  	defer Close(h)
   740  	a := NsecToFiletime(TimespecToNsec(ts[0]))
   741  	w := NsecToFiletime(TimespecToNsec(ts[1]))
   742  	return SetFileTime(h, nil, &a, &w)
   743  }
   744  
   745  func Fsync(fd Handle) (err error) {
   746  	return FlushFileBuffers(fd)
   747  }
   748  
   749  func Chmod(path string, mode uint32) (err error) {
   750  	p, e := UTF16PtrFromString(path)
   751  	if e != nil {
   752  		return e
   753  	}
   754  	attrs, e := GetFileAttributes(p)
   755  	if e != nil {
   756  		return e
   757  	}
   758  	if mode&S_IWRITE != 0 {
   759  		attrs &^= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
   760  	} else {
   761  		attrs |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY
   762  	}
   763  	return SetFileAttributes(p, attrs)
   764  }
   765  
   766  func LoadGetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime() error {
   767  	return procGetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime.Find()
   768  }
   769  
   770  func LoadCancelIoEx() error {
   771  	return procCancelIoEx.Find()
   772  }
   773  
   774  func LoadSetFileCompletionNotificationModes() error {
   775  	return procSetFileCompletionNotificationModes.Find()
   776  }
   777  
   778  func WaitForMultipleObjects(handles []Handle, waitAll bool, waitMilliseconds uint32) (event uint32, err error) {
   779  	// Every other win32 array API takes arguments as "pointer, count", except for this function. So we
   780  	// can't declare it as a usual [] type, because mksyscall will use the opposite order. We therefore
   781  	// trivially stub this ourselves.
   782  
   783  	var handlePtr *Handle
   784  	if len(handles) > 0 {
   785  		handlePtr = &handles[0]
   786  	}
   787  	return waitForMultipleObjects(uint32(len(handles)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(handlePtr)), waitAll, waitMilliseconds)
   788  }
   789  
   790  // net api calls
   791  
   792  const socket_error = uintptr(^uint32(0))
   793  
   794  //sys	WSAStartup(verreq uint32, data *WSAData) (sockerr error) = ws2_32.WSAStartup
   795  //sys	WSACleanup() (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSACleanup
   796  //sys	WSAIoctl(s Handle, iocc uint32, inbuf *byte, cbif uint32, outbuf *byte, cbob uint32, cbbr *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, completionRoutine uintptr) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSAIoctl
   797  //sys	socket(af int32, typ int32, protocol int32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = ws2_32.socket
   798  //sys	sendto(s Handle, buf []byte, flags int32, to unsafe.Pointer, tolen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.sendto
   799  //sys	recvfrom(s Handle, buf []byte, flags int32, from *RawSockaddrAny, fromlen *int32) (n int32, err error) [failretval==-1] = ws2_32.recvfrom
   800  //sys	Setsockopt(s Handle, level int32, optname int32, optval *byte, optlen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.setsockopt
   801  //sys	Getsockopt(s Handle, level int32, optname int32, optval *byte, optlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getsockopt
   802  //sys	bind(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.bind
   803  //sys	connect(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.connect
   804  //sys	getsockname(s Handle, rsa *RawSockaddrAny, addrlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getsockname
   805  //sys	getpeername(s Handle, rsa *RawSockaddrAny, addrlen *int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.getpeername
   806  //sys	listen(s Handle, backlog int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.listen
   807  //sys	shutdown(s Handle, how int32) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.shutdown
   808  //sys	Closesocket(s Handle) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.closesocket
   809  //sys	AcceptEx(ls Handle, as Handle, buf *byte, rxdatalen uint32, laddrlen uint32, raddrlen uint32, recvd *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error) = mswsock.AcceptEx
   810  //sys	GetAcceptExSockaddrs(buf *byte, rxdatalen uint32, laddrlen uint32, raddrlen uint32, lrsa **RawSockaddrAny, lrsalen *int32, rrsa **RawSockaddrAny, rrsalen *int32) = mswsock.GetAcceptExSockaddrs
   811  //sys	WSARecv(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, recvd *uint32, flags *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSARecv
   812  //sys	WSASend(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSASend
   813  //sys	WSARecvFrom(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, recvd *uint32, flags *uint32,  from *RawSockaddrAny, fromlen *int32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSARecvFrom
   814  //sys	WSASendTo(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, to *RawSockaddrAny, tolen int32,  overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) [failretval==socket_error] = ws2_32.WSASendTo
   815  //sys	WSASocket(af int32, typ int32, protocol int32, protoInfo *WSAProtocolInfo, group uint32, flags uint32) (handle Handle, err error) [failretval==InvalidHandle] = ws2_32.WSASocketW
   816  //sys	GetHostByName(name string) (h *Hostent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.gethostbyname
   817  //sys	GetServByName(name string, proto string) (s *Servent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.getservbyname
   818  //sys	Ntohs(netshort uint16) (u uint16) = ws2_32.ntohs
   819  //sys	GetProtoByName(name string) (p *Protoent, err error) [failretval==nil] = ws2_32.getprotobyname
   820  //sys	DnsQuery(name string, qtype uint16, options uint32, extra *byte, qrs **DNSRecord, pr *byte) (status error) = dnsapi.DnsQuery_W
   821  //sys	DnsRecordListFree(rl *DNSRecord, freetype uint32) = dnsapi.DnsRecordListFree
   822  //sys	DnsNameCompare(name1 *uint16, name2 *uint16) (same bool) = dnsapi.DnsNameCompare_W
   823  //sys	GetAddrInfoW(nodename *uint16, servicename *uint16, hints *AddrinfoW, result **AddrinfoW) (sockerr error) = ws2_32.GetAddrInfoW
   824  //sys	FreeAddrInfoW(addrinfo *AddrinfoW) = ws2_32.FreeAddrInfoW
   825  //sys	GetIfEntry(pIfRow *MibIfRow) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetIfEntry
   826  //sys	GetAdaptersInfo(ai *IpAdapterInfo, ol *uint32) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetAdaptersInfo
   827  //sys	SetFileCompletionNotificationModes(handle Handle, flags uint8) (err error) = kernel32.SetFileCompletionNotificationModes
   828  //sys	WSAEnumProtocols(protocols *int32, protocolBuffer *WSAProtocolInfo, bufferLength *uint32) (n int32, err error) [failretval==-1] = ws2_32.WSAEnumProtocolsW
   829  //sys	WSAGetOverlappedResult(h Handle, o *Overlapped, bytes *uint32, wait bool, flags *uint32) (err error) = ws2_32.WSAGetOverlappedResult
   830  //sys	GetAdaptersAddresses(family uint32, flags uint32, reserved uintptr, adapterAddresses *IpAdapterAddresses, sizePointer *uint32) (errcode error) = iphlpapi.GetAdaptersAddresses
   831  //sys	GetACP() (acp uint32) = kernel32.GetACP
   832  //sys	MultiByteToWideChar(codePage uint32, dwFlags uint32, str *byte, nstr int32, wchar *uint16, nwchar int32) (nwrite int32, err error) = kernel32.MultiByteToWideChar
   833  
   834  // For testing: clients can set this flag to force
   835  // creation of IPv6 sockets to return EAFNOSUPPORT.
   836  var SocketDisableIPv6 bool
   837  
   838  type RawSockaddrInet4 struct {
   839  	Family uint16
   840  	Port   uint16
   841  	Addr   [4]byte /* in_addr */
   842  	Zero   [8]uint8
   843  }
   844  
   845  type RawSockaddrInet6 struct {
   846  	Family   uint16
   847  	Port     uint16
   848  	Flowinfo uint32
   849  	Addr     [16]byte /* in6_addr */
   850  	Scope_id uint32
   851  }
   852  
   853  type RawSockaddr struct {
   854  	Family uint16
   855  	Data   [14]int8
   856  }
   857  
   858  type RawSockaddrAny struct {
   859  	Addr RawSockaddr
   860  	Pad  [100]int8
   861  }
   862  
   863  type Sockaddr interface {
   864  	sockaddr() (ptr unsafe.Pointer, len int32, err error) // lowercase; only we can define Sockaddrs
   865  }
   866  
   867  type SockaddrInet4 struct {
   868  	Port int
   869  	Addr [4]byte
   870  	raw  RawSockaddrInet4
   871  }
   872  
   873  func (sa *SockaddrInet4) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
   874  	if sa.Port < 0 || sa.Port > 0xFFFF {
   875  		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
   876  	}
   877  	sa.raw.Family = AF_INET
   878  	p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw.Port))
   879  	p[0] = byte(sa.Port >> 8)
   880  	p[1] = byte(sa.Port)
   881  	for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
   882  		sa.raw.Addr[i] = sa.Addr[i]
   883  	}
   884  	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa.raw)), nil
   885  }
   886  
   887  type SockaddrInet6 struct {
   888  	Port   int
   889  	ZoneId uint32
   890  	Addr   [16]byte
   891  	raw    RawSockaddrInet6
   892  }
   893  
   894  func (sa *SockaddrInet6) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
   895  	if sa.Port < 0 || sa.Port > 0xFFFF {
   896  		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
   897  	}
   898  	sa.raw.Family = AF_INET6
   899  	p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw.Port))
   900  	p[0] = byte(sa.Port >> 8)
   901  	p[1] = byte(sa.Port)
   902  	sa.raw.Scope_id = sa.ZoneId
   903  	for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
   904  		sa.raw.Addr[i] = sa.Addr[i]
   905  	}
   906  	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sa.raw)), nil
   907  }
   908  
   909  type RawSockaddrUnix struct {
   910  	Family uint16
   911  	Path   [UNIX_PATH_MAX]int8
   912  }
   913  
   914  type SockaddrUnix struct {
   915  	Name string
   916  	raw  RawSockaddrUnix
   917  }
   918  
   919  func (sa *SockaddrUnix) sockaddr() (unsafe.Pointer, int32, error) {
   920  	name := sa.Name
   921  	n := len(name)
   922  	if n > len(sa.raw.Path) {
   923  		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
   924  	}
   925  	if n == len(sa.raw.Path) && name[0] != '@' {
   926  		return nil, 0, syscall.EINVAL
   927  	}
   928  	sa.raw.Family = AF_UNIX
   929  	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
   930  		sa.raw.Path[i] = int8(name[i])
   931  	}
   932  	// length is family (uint16), name, NUL.
   933  	sl := int32(2)
   934  	if n > 0 {
   935  		sl += int32(n) + 1
   936  	}
   937  	if sa.raw.Path[0] == '@' {
   938  		sa.raw.Path[0] = 0
   939  		// Don't count trailing NUL for abstract address.
   940  		sl--
   941  	}
   942  
   943  	return unsafe.Pointer(&sa.raw), sl, nil
   944  }
   945  
   946  func (rsa *RawSockaddrAny) Sockaddr() (Sockaddr, error) {
   947  	switch rsa.Addr.Family {
   948  	case AF_UNIX:
   949  		pp := (*RawSockaddrUnix)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
   950  		sa := new(SockaddrUnix)
   951  		if pp.Path[0] == 0 {
   952  			// "Abstract" Unix domain socket.
   953  			// Rewrite leading NUL as @ for textual display.
   954  			// (This is the standard convention.)
   955  			// Not friendly to overwrite in place,
   956  			// but the callers below don't care.
   957  			pp.Path[0] = '@'
   958  		}
   959  
   960  		// Assume path ends at NUL.
   961  		// This is not technically the Linux semantics for
   962  		// abstract Unix domain sockets--they are supposed
   963  		// to be uninterpreted fixed-size binary blobs--but
   964  		// everyone uses this convention.
   965  		n := 0
   966  		for n < len(pp.Path) && pp.Path[n] != 0 {
   967  			n++
   968  		}
   969  		bytes := (*[len(pp.Path)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Path[0]))[0:n]
   970  		sa.Name = string(bytes)
   971  		return sa, nil
   972  
   973  	case AF_INET:
   974  		pp := (*RawSockaddrInet4)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
   975  		sa := new(SockaddrInet4)
   976  		p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Port))
   977  		sa.Port = int(p[0])<<8 + int(p[1])
   978  		for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
   979  			sa.Addr[i] = pp.Addr[i]
   980  		}
   981  		return sa, nil
   982  
   983  	case AF_INET6:
   984  		pp := (*RawSockaddrInet6)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa))
   985  		sa := new(SockaddrInet6)
   986  		p := (*[2]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&pp.Port))
   987  		sa.Port = int(p[0])<<8 + int(p[1])
   988  		sa.ZoneId = pp.Scope_id
   989  		for i := 0; i < len(sa.Addr); i++ {
   990  			sa.Addr[i] = pp.Addr[i]
   991  		}
   992  		return sa, nil
   993  	}
   994  	return nil, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
   995  }
   996  
   997  func Socket(domain, typ, proto int) (fd Handle, err error) {
   998  	if domain == AF_INET6 && SocketDisableIPv6 {
   999  		return InvalidHandle, syscall.EAFNOSUPPORT
  1000  	}
  1001  	return socket(int32(domain), int32(typ), int32(proto))
  1002  }
  1003  
  1004  func SetsockoptInt(fd Handle, level, opt int, value int) (err error) {
  1005  	v := int32(value)
  1006  	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&v)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(v)))
  1007  }
  1008  
  1009  func Bind(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr) (err error) {
  1010  	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
  1011  	if err != nil {
  1012  		return err
  1013  	}
  1014  	return bind(fd, ptr, n)
  1015  }
  1016  
  1017  func Connect(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr) (err error) {
  1018  	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
  1019  	if err != nil {
  1020  		return err
  1021  	}
  1022  	return connect(fd, ptr, n)
  1023  }
  1024  
  1025  func Getsockname(fd Handle) (sa Sockaddr, err error) {
  1026  	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
  1027  	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
  1028  	if err = getsockname(fd, &rsa, &l); err != nil {
  1029  		return
  1030  	}
  1031  	return rsa.Sockaddr()
  1032  }
  1033  
  1034  func Getpeername(fd Handle) (sa Sockaddr, err error) {
  1035  	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
  1036  	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
  1037  	if err = getpeername(fd, &rsa, &l); err != nil {
  1038  		return
  1039  	}
  1040  	return rsa.Sockaddr()
  1041  }
  1042  
  1043  func Listen(s Handle, n int) (err error) {
  1044  	return listen(s, int32(n))
  1045  }
  1046  
  1047  func Shutdown(fd Handle, how int) (err error) {
  1048  	return shutdown(fd, int32(how))
  1049  }
  1050  
  1051  func WSASendto(s Handle, bufs *WSABuf, bufcnt uint32, sent *uint32, flags uint32, to Sockaddr, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) (err error) {
  1052  	rsa, l, err := to.sockaddr()
  1053  	if err != nil {
  1054  		return err
  1055  	}
  1056  	return WSASendTo(s, bufs, bufcnt, sent, flags, (*RawSockaddrAny)(unsafe.Pointer(rsa)), l, overlapped, croutine)
  1057  }
  1058  
  1059  func LoadGetAddrInfo() error {
  1060  	return procGetAddrInfoW.Find()
  1061  }
  1062  
  1063  var connectExFunc struct {
  1064  	once sync.Once
  1065  	addr uintptr
  1066  	err  error
  1067  }
  1068  
  1069  func LoadConnectEx() error {
  1070  	connectExFunc.once.Do(func() {
  1071  		var s Handle
  1072  		s, connectExFunc.err = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)
  1073  		if connectExFunc.err != nil {
  1074  			return
  1075  		}
  1076  		defer CloseHandle(s)
  1077  		var n uint32
  1078  		connectExFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
  1079  			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
  1080  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_CONNECTEX)),
  1081  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_CONNECTEX)),
  1082  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&connectExFunc.addr)),
  1083  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(connectExFunc.addr)),
  1084  			&n, nil, 0)
  1085  	})
  1086  	return connectExFunc.err
  1087  }
  1088  
  1089  func connectEx(s Handle, name unsafe.Pointer, namelen int32, sendBuf *byte, sendDataLen uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) (err error) {
  1090  	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall9(connectExFunc.addr, 7, uintptr(s), uintptr(name), uintptr(namelen), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(sendBuf)), uintptr(sendDataLen), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesSent)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), 0, 0)
  1091  	if r1 == 0 {
  1092  		if e1 != 0 {
  1093  			err = error(e1)
  1094  		} else {
  1095  			err = syscall.EINVAL
  1096  		}
  1097  	}
  1098  	return
  1099  }
  1100  
  1101  func ConnectEx(fd Handle, sa Sockaddr, sendBuf *byte, sendDataLen uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped) error {
  1102  	err := LoadConnectEx()
  1103  	if err != nil {
  1104  		return errorspkg.New("failed to find ConnectEx: " + err.Error())
  1105  	}
  1106  	ptr, n, err := sa.sockaddr()
  1107  	if err != nil {
  1108  		return err
  1109  	}
  1110  	return connectEx(fd, ptr, n, sendBuf, sendDataLen, bytesSent, overlapped)
  1111  }
  1112  
  1113  var sendRecvMsgFunc struct {
  1114  	once     sync.Once
  1115  	sendAddr uintptr
  1116  	recvAddr uintptr
  1117  	err      error
  1118  }
  1119  
  1120  func loadWSASendRecvMsg() error {
  1121  	sendRecvMsgFunc.once.Do(func() {
  1122  		var s Handle
  1123  		s, sendRecvMsgFunc.err = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)
  1124  		if sendRecvMsgFunc.err != nil {
  1125  			return
  1126  		}
  1127  		defer CloseHandle(s)
  1128  		var n uint32
  1129  		sendRecvMsgFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
  1130  			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
  1131  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_WSARECVMSG)),
  1132  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_WSARECVMSG)),
  1133  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr)),
  1134  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr)),
  1135  			&n, nil, 0)
  1136  		if sendRecvMsgFunc.err != nil {
  1137  			return
  1138  		}
  1139  		sendRecvMsgFunc.err = WSAIoctl(s,
  1140  			SIO_GET_EXTENSION_FUNCTION_POINTER,
  1141  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&WSAID_WSASENDMSG)),
  1142  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(WSAID_WSASENDMSG)),
  1143  			(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr)),
  1144  			uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr)),
  1145  			&n, nil, 0)
  1146  	})
  1147  	return sendRecvMsgFunc.err
  1148  }
  1149  
  1150  func WSASendMsg(fd Handle, msg *WSAMsg, flags uint32, bytesSent *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) error {
  1151  	err := loadWSASendRecvMsg()
  1152  	if err != nil {
  1153  		return err
  1154  	}
  1155  	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall6(sendRecvMsgFunc.sendAddr, 6, uintptr(fd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(msg)), uintptr(flags), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesSent)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(croutine)))
  1156  	if r1 == socket_error {
  1157  		err = errnoErr(e1)
  1158  	}
  1159  	return err
  1160  }
  1161  
  1162  func WSARecvMsg(fd Handle, msg *WSAMsg, bytesReceived *uint32, overlapped *Overlapped, croutine *byte) error {
  1163  	err := loadWSASendRecvMsg()
  1164  	if err != nil {
  1165  		return err
  1166  	}
  1167  	r1, _, e1 := syscall.Syscall6(sendRecvMsgFunc.recvAddr, 5, uintptr(fd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(msg)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bytesReceived)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(overlapped)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(croutine)), 0)
  1168  	if r1 == socket_error {
  1169  		err = errnoErr(e1)
  1170  	}
  1171  	return err
  1172  }
  1173  
  1174  // Invented structures to support what package os expects.
  1175  type Rusage struct {
  1176  	CreationTime Filetime
  1177  	ExitTime     Filetime
  1178  	KernelTime   Filetime
  1179  	UserTime     Filetime
  1180  }
  1181  
  1182  type WaitStatus struct {
  1183  	ExitCode uint32
  1184  }
  1185  
  1186  func (w WaitStatus) Exited() bool { return true }
  1187  
  1188  func (w WaitStatus) ExitStatus() int { return int(w.ExitCode) }
  1189  
  1190  func (w WaitStatus) Signal() Signal { return -1 }
  1191  
  1192  func (w WaitStatus) CoreDump() bool { return false }
  1193  
  1194  func (w WaitStatus) Stopped() bool { return false }
  1195  
  1196  func (w WaitStatus) Continued() bool { return false }
  1197  
  1198  func (w WaitStatus) StopSignal() Signal { return -1 }
  1199  
  1200  func (w WaitStatus) Signaled() bool { return false }
  1201  
  1202  func (w WaitStatus) TrapCause() int { return -1 }
  1203  
  1204  // Timespec is an invented structure on Windows, but here for
  1205  // consistency with the corresponding package for other operating systems.
  1206  type Timespec struct {
  1207  	Sec  int64
  1208  	Nsec int64
  1209  }
  1210  
  1211  func TimespecToNsec(ts Timespec) int64 { return int64(ts.Sec)*1e9 + int64(ts.Nsec) }
  1212  
  1213  func NsecToTimespec(nsec int64) (ts Timespec) {
  1214  	ts.Sec = nsec / 1e9
  1215  	ts.Nsec = nsec % 1e9
  1216  	return
  1217  }
  1218  
  1219  // TODO(brainman): fix all needed for net
  1220  
  1221  func Accept(fd Handle) (nfd Handle, sa Sockaddr, err error) { return 0, nil, syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1222  
  1223  func Recvfrom(fd Handle, p []byte, flags int) (n int, from Sockaddr, err error) {
  1224  	var rsa RawSockaddrAny
  1225  	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(rsa))
  1226  	n32, err := recvfrom(fd, p, int32(flags), &rsa, &l)
  1227  	n = int(n32)
  1228  	if err != nil {
  1229  		return
  1230  	}
  1231  	from, err = rsa.Sockaddr()
  1232  	return
  1233  }
  1234  
  1235  func Sendto(fd Handle, p []byte, flags int, to Sockaddr) (err error) {
  1236  	ptr, l, err := to.sockaddr()
  1237  	if err != nil {
  1238  		return err
  1239  	}
  1240  	return sendto(fd, p, int32(flags), ptr, l)
  1241  }
  1242  
  1243  func SetsockoptTimeval(fd Handle, level, opt int, tv *Timeval) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1244  
  1245  // The Linger struct is wrong but we only noticed after Go 1.
  1246  // sysLinger is the real system call structure.
  1247  
  1248  // BUG(brainman): The definition of Linger is not appropriate for direct use
  1249  // with Setsockopt and Getsockopt.
  1250  // Use SetsockoptLinger instead.
  1251  
  1252  type Linger struct {
  1253  	Onoff  int32
  1254  	Linger int32
  1255  }
  1256  
  1257  type sysLinger struct {
  1258  	Onoff  uint16
  1259  	Linger uint16
  1260  }
  1261  
  1262  type IPMreq struct {
  1263  	Multiaddr [4]byte /* in_addr */
  1264  	Interface [4]byte /* in_addr */
  1265  }
  1266  
  1267  type IPv6Mreq struct {
  1268  	Multiaddr [16]byte /* in6_addr */
  1269  	Interface uint32
  1270  }
  1271  
  1272  func GetsockoptInt(fd Handle, level, opt int) (int, error) {
  1273  	v := int32(0)
  1274  	l := int32(unsafe.Sizeof(v))
  1275  	err := Getsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&v)), &l)
  1276  	return int(v), err
  1277  }
  1278  
  1279  func SetsockoptLinger(fd Handle, level, opt int, l *Linger) (err error) {
  1280  	sys := sysLinger{Onoff: uint16(l.Onoff), Linger: uint16(l.Linger)}
  1281  	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&sys)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(sys)))
  1282  }
  1283  
  1284  func SetsockoptInet4Addr(fd Handle, level, opt int, value [4]byte) (err error) {
  1285  	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&value[0])), 4)
  1286  }
  1287  func SetsockoptIPMreq(fd Handle, level, opt int, mreq *IPMreq) (err error) {
  1288  	return Setsockopt(fd, int32(level), int32(opt), (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(mreq)), int32(unsafe.Sizeof(*mreq)))
  1289  }
  1290  func SetsockoptIPv6Mreq(fd Handle, level, opt int, mreq *IPv6Mreq) (err error) {
  1291  	return syscall.EWINDOWS
  1292  }
  1293  
  1294  func Getpid() (pid int) { return int(GetCurrentProcessId()) }
  1295  
  1296  func FindFirstFile(name *uint16, data *Win32finddata) (handle Handle, err error) {
  1297  	// NOTE(rsc): The Win32finddata struct is wrong for the system call:
  1298  	// the two paths are each one uint16 short. Use the correct struct,
  1299  	// a win32finddata1, and then copy the results out.
  1300  	// There is no loss of expressivity here, because the final
  1301  	// uint16, if it is used, is supposed to be a NUL, and Go doesn't need that.
  1302  	// For Go 1.1, we might avoid the allocation of win32finddata1 here
  1303  	// by adding a final Bug [2]uint16 field to the struct and then
  1304  	// adjusting the fields in the result directly.
  1305  	var data1 win32finddata1
  1306  	handle, err = findFirstFile1(name, &data1)
  1307  	if err == nil {
  1308  		copyFindData(data, &data1)
  1309  	}
  1310  	return
  1311  }
  1312  
  1313  func FindNextFile(handle Handle, data *Win32finddata) (err error) {
  1314  	var data1 win32finddata1
  1315  	err = findNextFile1(handle, &data1)
  1316  	if err == nil {
  1317  		copyFindData(data, &data1)
  1318  	}
  1319  	return
  1320  }
  1321  
  1322  func getProcessEntry(pid int) (*ProcessEntry32, error) {
  1323  	snapshot, err := CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0)
  1324  	if err != nil {
  1325  		return nil, err
  1326  	}
  1327  	defer CloseHandle(snapshot)
  1328  	var procEntry ProcessEntry32
  1329  	procEntry.Size = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(procEntry))
  1330  	if err = Process32First(snapshot, &procEntry); err != nil {
  1331  		return nil, err
  1332  	}
  1333  	for {
  1334  		if procEntry.ProcessID == uint32(pid) {
  1335  			return &procEntry, nil
  1336  		}
  1337  		err = Process32Next(snapshot, &procEntry)
  1338  		if err != nil {
  1339  			return nil, err
  1340  		}
  1341  	}
  1342  }
  1343  
  1344  func Getppid() (ppid int) {
  1345  	pe, err := getProcessEntry(Getpid())
  1346  	if err != nil {
  1347  		return -1
  1348  	}
  1349  	return int(pe.ParentProcessID)
  1350  }
  1351  
  1352  // TODO(brainman): fix all needed for os
  1353  func Fchdir(fd Handle) (err error)             { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1354  func Link(oldpath, newpath string) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1355  func Symlink(path, link string) (err error)    { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1356  
  1357  func Fchmod(fd Handle, mode uint32) (err error)        { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1358  func Chown(path string, uid int, gid int) (err error)  { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1359  func Lchown(path string, uid int, gid int) (err error) { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1360  func Fchown(fd Handle, uid int, gid int) (err error)   { return syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1361  
  1362  func Getuid() (uid int)                  { return -1 }
  1363  func Geteuid() (euid int)                { return -1 }
  1364  func Getgid() (gid int)                  { return -1 }
  1365  func Getegid() (egid int)                { return -1 }
  1366  func Getgroups() (gids []int, err error) { return nil, syscall.EWINDOWS }
  1367  
  1368  type Signal int
  1369  
  1370  func (s Signal) Signal() {}
  1371  
  1372  func (s Signal) String() string {
  1373  	if 0 <= s && int(s) < len(signals) {
  1374  		str := signals[s]
  1375  		if str != "" {
  1376  			return str
  1377  		}
  1378  	}
  1379  	return "signal " + itoa(int(s))
  1380  }
  1381  
  1382  func LoadCreateSymbolicLink() error {
  1383  	return procCreateSymbolicLinkW.Find()
  1384  }
  1385  
  1386  // Readlink returns the destination of the named symbolic link.
  1387  func Readlink(path string, buf []byte) (n int, err error) {
  1388  	fd, err := CreateFile(StringToUTF16Ptr(path), GENERIC_READ, 0, nil, OPEN_EXISTING,
  1389  		FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT|FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 0)
  1390  	if err != nil {
  1391  		return -1, err
  1392  	}
  1393  	defer CloseHandle(fd)
  1394  
  1395  	rdbbuf := make([]byte, MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE)
  1396  	var bytesReturned uint32
  1397  	err = DeviceIoControl(fd, FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT, nil, 0, &rdbbuf[0], uint32(len(rdbbuf)), &bytesReturned, nil)
  1398  	if err != nil {
  1399  		return -1, err
  1400  	}
  1401  
  1402  	rdb := (*reparseDataBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdbbuf[0]))
  1403  	var s string
  1404  	switch rdb.ReparseTag {
  1405  	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK:
  1406  		data := (*symbolicLinkReparseBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdb.reparseBuffer))
  1407  		p := (*[0xffff]uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&data.PathBuffer[0]))
  1408  		s = UTF16ToString(p[data.PrintNameOffset/2 : (data.PrintNameLength-data.PrintNameOffset)/2])
  1409  	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT:
  1410  		data := (*mountPointReparseBuffer)(unsafe.Pointer(&rdb.reparseBuffer))
  1411  		p := (*[0xffff]uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&data.PathBuffer[0]))
  1412  		s = UTF16ToString(p[data.PrintNameOffset/2 : (data.PrintNameLength-data.PrintNameOffset)/2])
  1413  	default:
  1414  		// the path is not a symlink or junction but another type of reparse
  1415  		// point
  1416  		return -1, syscall.ENOENT
  1417  	}
  1418  	n = copy(buf, []byte(s))
  1419  
  1420  	return n, nil
  1421  }
  1422  
  1423  // GUIDFromString parses a string in the form of
  1424  // "{XXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX}" into a GUID.
  1425  func GUIDFromString(str string) (GUID, error) {
  1426  	guid := GUID{}
  1427  	str16, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(str)
  1428  	if err != nil {
  1429  		return guid, err
  1430  	}
  1431  	err = clsidFromString(str16, &guid)
  1432  	if err != nil {
  1433  		return guid, err
  1434  	}
  1435  	return guid, nil
  1436  }
  1437  
  1438  // GenerateGUID creates a new random GUID.
  1439  func GenerateGUID() (GUID, error) {
  1440  	guid := GUID{}
  1441  	err := coCreateGuid(&guid)
  1442  	if err != nil {
  1443  		return guid, err
  1444  	}
  1445  	return guid, nil
  1446  }
  1447  
  1448  // String returns the canonical string form of the GUID,
  1449  // in the form of "{XXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX}".
  1450  func (guid GUID) String() string {
  1451  	var str [100]uint16
  1452  	chars := stringFromGUID2(&guid, &str[0], int32(len(str)))
  1453  	if chars <= 1 {
  1454  		return ""
  1455  	}
  1456  	return string(utf16.Decode(str[:chars-1]))
  1457  }
  1458  
  1459  // KnownFolderPath returns a well-known folder path for the current user, specified by one of
  1460  // the FOLDERID_ constants, and chosen and optionally created based on a KF_ flag.
  1461  func KnownFolderPath(folderID *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32) (string, error) {
  1462  	return Token(0).KnownFolderPath(folderID, flags)
  1463  }
  1464  
  1465  // KnownFolderPath returns a well-known folder path for the user token, specified by one of
  1466  // the FOLDERID_ constants, and chosen and optionally created based on a KF_ flag.
  1467  func (t Token) KnownFolderPath(folderID *KNOWNFOLDERID, flags uint32) (string, error) {
  1468  	var p *uint16
  1469  	err := shGetKnownFolderPath(folderID, flags, t, &p)
  1470  	if err != nil {
  1471  		return "", err
  1472  	}
  1473  	defer CoTaskMemFree(unsafe.Pointer(p))
  1474  	return UTF16PtrToString(p), nil
  1475  }
  1476  
  1477  // RtlGetVersion returns the version of the underlying operating system, ignoring
  1478  // manifest semantics but is affected by the application compatibility layer.
  1479  func RtlGetVersion() *OsVersionInfoEx {
  1480  	info := &OsVersionInfoEx{}
  1481  	info.osVersionInfoSize = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(*info))
  1482  	// According to documentation, this function always succeeds.
  1483  	// The function doesn't even check the validity of the
  1484  	// osVersionInfoSize member. Disassembling ntdll.dll indicates
  1485  	// that the documentation is indeed correct about that.
  1486  	_ = rtlGetVersion(info)
  1487  	return info
  1488  }
  1489  
  1490  // RtlGetNtVersionNumbers returns the version of the underlying operating system,
  1491  // ignoring manifest semantics and the application compatibility layer.
  1492  func RtlGetNtVersionNumbers() (majorVersion, minorVersion, buildNumber uint32) {
  1493  	rtlGetNtVersionNumbers(&majorVersion, &minorVersion, &buildNumber)
  1494  	buildNumber &= 0xffff
  1495  	return
  1496  }
  1497  
  1498  // GetProcessPreferredUILanguages retrieves the process preferred UI languages.
  1499  func GetProcessPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
  1500  	return getUILanguages(flags, getProcessPreferredUILanguages)
  1501  }
  1502  
  1503  // GetThreadPreferredUILanguages retrieves the thread preferred UI languages for the current thread.
  1504  func GetThreadPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
  1505  	return getUILanguages(flags, getThreadPreferredUILanguages)
  1506  }
  1507  
  1508  // GetUserPreferredUILanguages retrieves information about the user preferred UI languages.
  1509  func GetUserPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
  1510  	return getUILanguages(flags, getUserPreferredUILanguages)
  1511  }
  1512  
  1513  // GetSystemPreferredUILanguages retrieves the system preferred UI languages.
  1514  func GetSystemPreferredUILanguages(flags uint32) ([]string, error) {
  1515  	return getUILanguages(flags, getSystemPreferredUILanguages)
  1516  }
  1517  
  1518  func getUILanguages(flags uint32, f func(flags uint32, numLanguages *uint32, buf *uint16, bufSize *uint32) error) ([]string, error) {
  1519  	size := uint32(128)
  1520  	for {
  1521  		var numLanguages uint32
  1522  		buf := make([]uint16, size)
  1523  		err := f(flags, &numLanguages, &buf[0], &size)
  1524  		if err == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER {
  1525  			continue
  1526  		}
  1527  		if err != nil {
  1528  			return nil, err
  1529  		}
  1530  		buf = buf[:size]
  1531  		if numLanguages == 0 || len(buf) == 0 { // GetProcessPreferredUILanguages may return numLanguages==0 with "\0\0"
  1532  			return []string{}, nil
  1533  		}
  1534  		if buf[len(buf)-1] == 0 {
  1535  			buf = buf[:len(buf)-1] // remove terminating null
  1536  		}
  1537  		languages := make([]string, 0, numLanguages)
  1538  		from := 0
  1539  		for i, c := range buf {
  1540  			if c == 0 {
  1541  				languages = append(languages, string(utf16.Decode(buf[from:i])))
  1542  				from = i + 1
  1543  			}
  1544  		}
  1545  		return languages, nil
  1546  	}
  1547  }
  1548  
  1549  func SetConsoleCursorPosition(console Handle, position Coord) error {
  1550  	return setConsoleCursorPosition(console, *((*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&position))))
  1551  }
  1552  
  1553  func (s NTStatus) Errno() syscall.Errno {
  1554  	return rtlNtStatusToDosErrorNoTeb(s)
  1555  }
  1556  
  1557  func langID(pri, sub uint16) uint32 { return uint32(sub)<<10 | uint32(pri) }
  1558  
  1559  func (s NTStatus) Error() string {
  1560  	b := make([]uint16, 300)
  1561  	n, err := FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM|FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE|FORMAT_MESSAGE_ARGUMENT_ARRAY, modntdll.Handle(), uint32(s), langID(LANG_ENGLISH, SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US), b, nil)
  1562  	if err != nil {
  1563  		return fmt.Sprintf("NTSTATUS 0x%08x", uint32(s))
  1564  	}
  1565  	// trim terminating \r and \n
  1566  	for ; n > 0 && (b[n-1] == '\n' || b[n-1] == '\r'); n-- {
  1567  	}
  1568  	return string(utf16.Decode(b[:n]))
  1569  }
  1570  
  1571  // NewNTUnicodeString returns a new NTUnicodeString structure for use with native
  1572  // NT APIs that work over the NTUnicodeString type. Note that most Windows APIs
  1573  // do not use NTUnicodeString, and instead UTF16PtrFromString should be used for
  1574  // the more common *uint16 string type.
  1575  func NewNTUnicodeString(s string) (*NTUnicodeString, error) {
  1576  	var u NTUnicodeString
  1577  	s16, err := UTF16PtrFromString(s)
  1578  	if err != nil {
  1579  		return nil, err
  1580  	}
  1581  	RtlInitUnicodeString(&u, s16)
  1582  	return &u, nil
  1583  }
  1584  
  1585  // Slice returns a uint16 slice that aliases the data in the NTUnicodeString.
  1586  func (s *NTUnicodeString) Slice() []uint16 {
  1587  	var slice []uint16
  1588  	hdr := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&slice))
  1589  	hdr.Data = unsafe.Pointer(s.Buffer)
  1590  	hdr.Len = int(s.Length)
  1591  	hdr.Cap = int(s.MaximumLength)
  1592  	return slice
  1593  }
  1594  
  1595  func (s *NTUnicodeString) String() string {
  1596  	return UTF16ToString(s.Slice())
  1597  }
  1598  
  1599  // NewNTString returns a new NTString structure for use with native
  1600  // NT APIs that work over the NTString type. Note that most Windows APIs
  1601  // do not use NTString, and instead UTF16PtrFromString should be used for
  1602  // the more common *uint16 string type.
  1603  func NewNTString(s string) (*NTString, error) {
  1604  	var nts NTString
  1605  	s8, err := BytePtrFromString(s)
  1606  	if err != nil {
  1607  		return nil, err
  1608  	}
  1609  	RtlInitString(&nts, s8)
  1610  	return &nts, nil
  1611  }
  1612  
  1613  // Slice returns a byte slice that aliases the data in the NTString.
  1614  func (s *NTString) Slice() []byte {
  1615  	var slice []byte
  1616  	hdr := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&slice))
  1617  	hdr.Data = unsafe.Pointer(s.Buffer)
  1618  	hdr.Len = int(s.Length)
  1619  	hdr.Cap = int(s.MaximumLength)
  1620  	return slice
  1621  }
  1622  
  1623  func (s *NTString) String() string {
  1624  	return ByteSliceToString(s.Slice())
  1625  }
  1626  
  1627  // FindResource resolves a resource of the given name and resource type.
  1628  func FindResource(module Handle, name, resType ResourceIDOrString) (Handle, error) {
  1629  	var namePtr, resTypePtr uintptr
  1630  	var name16, resType16 *uint16
  1631  	var err error
  1632  	resolvePtr := func(i interface{}, keep **uint16) (uintptr, error) {
  1633  		switch v := i.(type) {
  1634  		case string:
  1635  			*keep, err = UTF16PtrFromString(v)
  1636  			if err != nil {
  1637  				return 0, err
  1638  			}
  1639  			return uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(*keep)), nil
  1640  		case ResourceID:
  1641  			return uintptr(v), nil
  1642  		}
  1643  		return 0, errorspkg.New("parameter must be a ResourceID or a string")
  1644  	}
  1645  	namePtr, err = resolvePtr(name, &name16)
  1646  	if err != nil {
  1647  		return 0, err
  1648  	}
  1649  	resTypePtr, err = resolvePtr(resType, &resType16)
  1650  	if err != nil {
  1651  		return 0, err
  1652  	}
  1653  	resInfo, err := findResource(module, namePtr, resTypePtr)
  1654  	runtime.KeepAlive(name16)
  1655  	runtime.KeepAlive(resType16)
  1656  	return resInfo, err
  1657  }
  1658  
  1659  func LoadResourceData(module, resInfo Handle) (data []byte, err error) {
  1660  	size, err := SizeofResource(module, resInfo)
  1661  	if err != nil {
  1662  		return
  1663  	}
  1664  	resData, err := LoadResource(module, resInfo)
  1665  	if err != nil {
  1666  		return
  1667  	}
  1668  	ptr, err := LockResource(resData)
  1669  	if err != nil {
  1670  		return
  1671  	}
  1672  	h := (*unsafeheader.Slice)(unsafe.Pointer(&data))
  1673  	h.Data = unsafe.Pointer(ptr)
  1674  	h.Len = int(size)
  1675  	h.Cap = int(size)
  1676  	return
  1677  }