github.com/gnolang/gno@v0.0.0-20240520182011-228e9d0192ce/gnovm/stdlibs/bufio/bufio.gno (about)

     1  // Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  // Package bufio implements buffered I/O. It wraps an io.Reader or io.Writer
     6  // object, creating another object (Reader or Writer) that also implements
     7  // the interface but provides buffering and some help for textual I/O.
     8  package bufio
     9  
    10  import (
    11  	"bytes"
    12  	"errors"
    13  	"io"
    14  	"strings"
    15  	"unicode/utf8"
    16  )
    17  
    18  const (
    19  	defaultBufSize = 4096
    20  )
    21  
    22  var (
    23  	ErrInvalidUnreadByte = errors.New("bufio: invalid use of UnreadByte")
    24  	ErrInvalidUnreadRune = errors.New("bufio: invalid use of UnreadRune")
    25  	ErrBufferFull        = errors.New("bufio: buffer full")
    26  	ErrNegativeCount     = errors.New("bufio: negative count")
    27  )
    28  
    29  // Buffered input.
    30  
    31  // Reader implements buffering for an io.Reader object.
    32  type Reader struct {
    33  	buf          []byte
    34  	rd           io.Reader // reader provided by the client
    35  	r, w         int       // buf read and write positions
    36  	err          error
    37  	lastByte     int // last byte read for UnreadByte; -1 means invalid
    38  	lastRuneSize int // size of last rune read for UnreadRune; -1 means invalid
    39  }
    40  
    41  const (
    42  	minReadBufferSize        = 16
    43  	maxConsecutiveEmptyReads = 100
    44  )
    45  
    46  // NewReaderSize returns a new Reader whose buffer has at least the specified
    47  // size. If the argument io.Reader is already a Reader with large enough
    48  // size, it returns the underlying Reader.
    49  func NewReaderSize(rd io.Reader, size int) *Reader {
    50  	// Is it already a Reader?
    51  	b, ok := rd.(*Reader)
    52  	if ok && len(b.buf) >= size {
    53  		return b
    54  	}
    55  	if size < minReadBufferSize {
    56  		size = minReadBufferSize
    57  	}
    58  	r := new(Reader)
    59  	r.reset(make([]byte, size), rd)
    60  	return r
    61  }
    62  
    63  // NewReader returns a new Reader whose buffer has the default size.
    64  func NewReader(rd io.Reader) *Reader {
    65  	return NewReaderSize(rd, defaultBufSize)
    66  }
    67  
    68  // Size returns the size of the underlying buffer in bytes.
    69  func (b *Reader) Size() int { return len(b.buf) }
    70  
    71  // Reset discards any buffered data, resets all state, and switches
    72  // the buffered reader to read from r.
    73  func (b *Reader) Reset(r io.Reader) {
    74  	b.reset(b.buf, r)
    75  }
    76  
    77  func (b *Reader) reset(buf []byte, r io.Reader) {
    78  	*b = Reader{
    79  		buf:          buf,
    80  		rd:           r,
    81  		lastByte:     -1,
    82  		lastRuneSize: -1,
    83  	}
    84  }
    85  
    86  var errNegativeRead = errors.New("bufio: reader returned negative count from Read")
    87  
    88  // fill reads a new chunk into the buffer.
    89  func (b *Reader) fill() {
    90  	// Slide existing data to beginning.
    91  	if b.r > 0 {
    92  		copy(b.buf, b.buf[b.r:b.w])
    93  		b.w -= b.r
    94  		b.r = 0
    95  	}
    96  
    97  	if b.w >= len(b.buf) {
    98  		panic("bufio: tried to fill full buffer")
    99  	}
   100  
   101  	// Read new data: try a limited number of times.
   102  	for i := maxConsecutiveEmptyReads; i > 0; i-- {
   103  		n, err := b.rd.Read(b.buf[b.w:])
   104  		if n < 0 {
   105  			panic(errNegativeRead)
   106  		}
   107  		b.w += n
   108  		if err != nil {
   109  			b.err = err
   110  			return
   111  		}
   112  		if n > 0 {
   113  			return
   114  		}
   115  	}
   116  	b.err = io.ErrNoProgress
   117  }
   118  
   119  func (b *Reader) readErr() error {
   120  	err := b.err
   121  	b.err = nil
   122  	return err
   123  }
   124  
   125  // Peek returns the next n bytes without advancing the reader. The bytes stop
   126  // being valid at the next read call. If Peek returns fewer than n bytes, it
   127  // also returns an error explaining why the read is short. The error is
   128  // ErrBufferFull if n is larger than b's buffer size.
   129  //
   130  // Calling Peek prevents a UnreadByte or UnreadRune call from succeeding
   131  // until the next read operation.
   132  func (b *Reader) Peek(n int) ([]byte, error) {
   133  	if n < 0 {
   134  		return nil, ErrNegativeCount
   135  	}
   136  
   137  	b.lastByte = -1
   138  	b.lastRuneSize = -1
   139  
   140  	for b.w-b.r < n && b.w-b.r < len(b.buf) && b.err == nil {
   141  		b.fill() // b.w-b.r < len(b.buf) => buffer is not full
   142  	}
   143  
   144  	if n > len(b.buf) {
   145  		return b.buf[b.r:b.w], ErrBufferFull
   146  	}
   147  
   148  	// 0 <= n <= len(b.buf)
   149  	var err error
   150  	if avail := b.w - b.r; avail < n {
   151  		// not enough data in buffer
   152  		n = avail
   153  		err = b.readErr()
   154  		if err == nil {
   155  			err = ErrBufferFull
   156  		}
   157  	}
   158  	return b.buf[b.r : b.r+n], err
   159  }
   160  
   161  // Discard skips the next n bytes, returning the number of bytes discarded.
   162  //
   163  // If Discard skips fewer than n bytes, it also returns an error.
   164  // If 0 <= n <= b.Buffered(), Discard is guaranteed to succeed without
   165  // reading from the underlying io.Reader.
   166  func (b *Reader) Discard(n int) (discarded int, err error) {
   167  	if n < 0 {
   168  		return 0, ErrNegativeCount
   169  	}
   170  	if n == 0 {
   171  		return
   172  	}
   173  	remain := n
   174  	for {
   175  		skip := b.Buffered()
   176  		if skip == 0 {
   177  			b.fill()
   178  			skip = b.Buffered()
   179  		}
   180  		if skip > remain {
   181  			skip = remain
   182  		}
   183  		b.r += skip
   184  		remain -= skip
   185  		if remain == 0 {
   186  			return n, nil
   187  		}
   188  		if b.err != nil {
   189  			return n - remain, b.readErr()
   190  		}
   191  	}
   192  }
   193  
   194  // Read reads data into p.
   195  // It returns the number of bytes read into p.
   196  // The bytes are taken from at most one Read on the underlying Reader,
   197  // hence n may be less than len(p).
   198  // To read exactly len(p) bytes, use io.ReadFull(b, p).
   199  // At EOF, the count will be zero and err will be io.EOF.
   200  func (b *Reader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
   201  	n = len(p)
   202  	if n == 0 {
   203  		if b.Buffered() > 0 {
   204  			return 0, nil
   205  		}
   206  		return 0, b.readErr()
   207  	}
   208  	if b.r == b.w {
   209  		if b.err != nil {
   210  			return 0, b.readErr()
   211  		}
   212  		if len(p) >= len(b.buf) {
   213  			// Large read, empty buffer.
   214  			// Read directly into p to avoid copy.
   215  			n, b.err = b.rd.Read(p)
   216  			if n < 0 {
   217  				panic(errNegativeRead)
   218  			}
   219  			if n > 0 {
   220  				b.lastByte = int(p[n-1])
   221  				b.lastRuneSize = -1
   222  			}
   223  			return n, b.readErr()
   224  		}
   225  		// One read.
   226  		// Do not use b.fill, which will loop.
   227  		b.r = 0
   228  		b.w = 0
   229  		n, b.err = b.rd.Read(b.buf)
   230  		if n < 0 {
   231  			panic(errNegativeRead)
   232  		}
   233  		if n == 0 {
   234  			return 0, b.readErr()
   235  		}
   236  		b.w += n
   237  	}
   238  
   239  	// copy as much as we can
   240  	n = copy(p, b.buf[b.r:b.w])
   241  	b.r += n
   242  	b.lastByte = int(b.buf[b.r-1])
   243  	b.lastRuneSize = -1
   244  	return n, nil
   245  }
   246  
   247  // ReadByte reads and returns a single byte.
   248  // If no byte is available, returns an error.
   249  func (b *Reader) ReadByte() (byte, error) {
   250  	b.lastRuneSize = -1
   251  	for b.r == b.w {
   252  		if b.err != nil {
   253  			return 0, b.readErr()
   254  		}
   255  		b.fill() // buffer is empty
   256  	}
   257  	c := b.buf[b.r]
   258  	b.r++
   259  	b.lastByte = int(c)
   260  	return c, nil
   261  }
   262  
   263  // UnreadByte unreads the last byte. Only the most recently read byte can be unread.
   264  //
   265  // UnreadByte returns an error if the most recent method called on the
   266  // Reader was not a read operation. Notably, Peek is not considered a
   267  // read operation.
   268  func (b *Reader) UnreadByte() error {
   269  	if b.lastByte < 0 || b.r == 0 && b.w > 0 {
   270  		return ErrInvalidUnreadByte
   271  	}
   272  	// b.r > 0 || b.w == 0
   273  	if b.r > 0 {
   274  		b.r--
   275  	} else {
   276  		// b.r == 0 && b.w == 0
   277  		b.w = 1
   278  	}
   279  	b.buf[b.r] = byte(b.lastByte)
   280  	b.lastByte = -1
   281  	b.lastRuneSize = -1
   282  	return nil
   283  }
   284  
   285  // ReadRune reads a single UTF-8 encoded Unicode character and returns the
   286  // rune and its size in bytes. If the encoded rune is invalid, it consumes one byte
   287  // and returns unicode.ReplacementChar (U+FFFD) with a size of 1.
   288  func (b *Reader) ReadRune() (r rune, size int, err error) {
   289  	for b.r+utf8.UTFMax > b.w && !utf8.FullRune(b.buf[b.r:b.w]) && b.err == nil && b.w-b.r < len(b.buf) {
   290  		b.fill() // b.w-b.r < len(buf) => buffer is not full
   291  	}
   292  	b.lastRuneSize = -1
   293  	if b.r == b.w {
   294  		return 0, 0, b.readErr()
   295  	}
   296  	r, size = rune(b.buf[b.r]), 1
   297  	if r >= utf8.RuneSelf {
   298  		r, size = utf8.DecodeRune(b.buf[b.r:b.w])
   299  	}
   300  	b.r += size
   301  	b.lastByte = int(b.buf[b.r-1])
   302  	b.lastRuneSize = size
   303  	return r, size, nil
   304  }
   305  
   306  // UnreadRune unreads the last rune. If the most recent method called on
   307  // the Reader was not a ReadRune, UnreadRune returns an error. (In this
   308  // regard it is stricter than UnreadByte, which will unread the last byte
   309  // from any read operation.)
   310  func (b *Reader) UnreadRune() error {
   311  	if b.lastRuneSize < 0 || b.r < b.lastRuneSize {
   312  		return ErrInvalidUnreadRune
   313  	}
   314  	b.r -= b.lastRuneSize
   315  	b.lastByte = -1
   316  	b.lastRuneSize = -1
   317  	return nil
   318  }
   319  
   320  // Buffered returns the number of bytes that can be read from the current buffer.
   321  func (b *Reader) Buffered() int { return b.w - b.r }
   322  
   323  // ReadSlice reads until the first occurrence of delim in the input,
   324  // returning a slice pointing at the bytes in the buffer.
   325  // The bytes stop being valid at the next read.
   326  // If ReadSlice encounters an error before finding a delimiter,
   327  // it returns all the data in the buffer and the error itself (often io.EOF).
   328  // ReadSlice fails with error ErrBufferFull if the buffer fills without a delim.
   329  // Because the data returned from ReadSlice will be overwritten
   330  // by the next I/O operation, most clients should use
   331  // ReadBytes or ReadString instead.
   332  // ReadSlice returns err != nil if and only if line does not end in delim.
   333  func (b *Reader) ReadSlice(delim byte) (line []byte, err error) {
   334  	s := 0 // search start index
   335  	for {
   336  		// Search buffer.
   337  		if i := bytes.IndexByte(b.buf[b.r+s:b.w], delim); i >= 0 {
   338  			i += s
   339  			line = b.buf[b.r : b.r+i+1]
   340  			b.r += i + 1
   341  			break
   342  		}
   343  
   344  		// Pending error?
   345  		if b.err != nil {
   346  			line = b.buf[b.r:b.w]
   347  			b.r = b.w
   348  			err = b.readErr()
   349  			break
   350  		}
   351  
   352  		// Buffer full?
   353  		if b.Buffered() >= len(b.buf) {
   354  			b.r = b.w
   355  			line = b.buf
   356  			err = ErrBufferFull
   357  			break
   358  		}
   359  
   360  		s = b.w - b.r // do not rescan area we scanned before
   361  
   362  		b.fill() // buffer is not full
   363  	}
   364  
   365  	// Handle last byte, if any.
   366  	if i := len(line) - 1; i >= 0 {
   367  		b.lastByte = int(line[i])
   368  		b.lastRuneSize = -1
   369  	}
   370  
   371  	return
   372  }
   373  
   374  // ReadLine is a low-level line-reading primitive. Most callers should use
   375  // ReadBytes('\n') or ReadString('\n') instead or use a Scanner.
   376  //
   377  // ReadLine tries to return a single line, not including the end-of-line bytes.
   378  // If the line was too long for the buffer then isPrefix is set and the
   379  // beginning of the line is returned. The rest of the line will be returned
   380  // from future calls. isPrefix will be false when returning the last fragment
   381  // of the line. The returned buffer is only valid until the next call to
   382  // ReadLine. ReadLine either returns a non-nil line or it returns an error,
   383  // never both.
   384  //
   385  // The text returned from ReadLine does not include the line end ("\r\n" or "\n").
   386  // No indication or error is given if the input ends without a final line end.
   387  // Calling UnreadByte after ReadLine will always unread the last byte read
   388  // (possibly a character belonging to the line end) even if that byte is not
   389  // part of the line returned by ReadLine.
   390  func (b *Reader) ReadLine() (line []byte, isPrefix bool, err error) {
   391  	line, err = b.ReadSlice('\n')
   392  	if err == ErrBufferFull {
   393  		// Handle the case where "\r\n" straddles the buffer.
   394  		if len(line) > 0 && line[len(line)-1] == '\r' {
   395  			// Put the '\r' back on buf and drop it from line.
   396  			// Let the next call to ReadLine check for "\r\n".
   397  			if b.r == 0 {
   398  				// should be unreachable
   399  				panic("bufio: tried to rewind past start of buffer")
   400  			}
   401  			b.r--
   402  			line = line[:len(line)-1]
   403  		}
   404  		return line, true, nil
   405  	}
   406  
   407  	if len(line) == 0 {
   408  		if err != nil {
   409  			line = nil
   410  		}
   411  		return
   412  	}
   413  	err = nil
   414  
   415  	if line[len(line)-1] == '\n' {
   416  		drop := 1
   417  		if len(line) > 1 && line[len(line)-2] == '\r' {
   418  			drop = 2
   419  		}
   420  		line = line[:len(line)-drop]
   421  	}
   422  	return
   423  }
   424  
   425  // collectFragments reads until the first occurrence of delim in the input. It
   426  // returns (slice of full buffers, remaining bytes before delim, total number
   427  // of bytes in the combined first two elements, error).
   428  // The complete result is equal to
   429  // `bytes.Join(append(fullBuffers, finalFragment), nil)`, which has a
   430  // length of `totalLen`. The result is structured in this way to allow callers
   431  // to minimize allocations and copies.
   432  func (b *Reader) collectFragments(delim byte) (fullBuffers [][]byte, finalFragment []byte, totalLen int, err error) {
   433  	var frag []byte
   434  	// Use ReadSlice to look for delim, accumulating full buffers.
   435  	for {
   436  		var e error
   437  		frag, e = b.ReadSlice(delim)
   438  		if e == nil { // got final fragment
   439  			break
   440  		}
   441  		if e != ErrBufferFull { // unexpected error
   442  			err = e
   443  			break
   444  		}
   445  
   446  		// Make a copy of the buffer.
   447  		buf := make([]byte, len(frag))
   448  		copy(buf, frag)
   449  		fullBuffers = append(fullBuffers, buf)
   450  		totalLen += len(buf)
   451  	}
   452  
   453  	totalLen += len(frag)
   454  	return fullBuffers, frag, totalLen, err
   455  }
   456  
   457  // ReadBytes reads until the first occurrence of delim in the input,
   458  // returning a slice containing the data up to and including the delimiter.
   459  // If ReadBytes encounters an error before finding a delimiter,
   460  // it returns the data read before the error and the error itself (often io.EOF).
   461  // ReadBytes returns err != nil if and only if the returned data does not end in
   462  // delim.
   463  // For simple uses, a Scanner may be more convenient.
   464  func (b *Reader) ReadBytes(delim byte) ([]byte, error) {
   465  	full, frag, n, err := b.collectFragments(delim)
   466  	// Allocate new buffer to hold the full pieces and the fragment.
   467  	buf := make([]byte, n)
   468  	n = 0
   469  	// Copy full pieces and fragment in.
   470  	for i := range full {
   471  		n += copy(buf[n:], full[i])
   472  	}
   473  	copy(buf[n:], frag)
   474  	return buf, err
   475  }
   476  
   477  // ReadString reads until the first occurrence of delim in the input,
   478  // returning a string containing the data up to and including the delimiter.
   479  // If ReadString encounters an error before finding a delimiter,
   480  // it returns the data read before the error and the error itself (often io.EOF).
   481  // ReadString returns err != nil if and only if the returned data does not end in
   482  // delim.
   483  // For simple uses, a Scanner may be more convenient.
   484  func (b *Reader) ReadString(delim byte) (string, error) {
   485  	full, frag, n, err := b.collectFragments(delim)
   486  	// Allocate new buffer to hold the full pieces and the fragment.
   487  	var buf strings.Builder
   488  	buf.Grow(n)
   489  	// Copy full pieces and fragment in.
   490  	for _, fb := range full {
   491  		buf.Write(fb)
   492  	}
   493  	buf.Write(frag)
   494  	return buf.String(), err
   495  }
   496  
   497  // WriteTo implements io.WriterTo.
   498  // This may make multiple calls to the Read method of the underlying Reader.
   499  // If the underlying reader supports the WriteTo method,
   500  // this calls the underlying WriteTo without buffering.
   501  func (b *Reader) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
   502  	n, err = b.writeBuf(w)
   503  	if err != nil {
   504  		return
   505  	}
   506  
   507  	if r, ok := b.rd.(io.WriterTo); ok {
   508  		m, err := r.WriteTo(w)
   509  		n += m
   510  		return n, err
   511  	}
   512  
   513  	if w, ok := w.(io.ReaderFrom); ok {
   514  		m, err := w.ReadFrom(b.rd)
   515  		n += m
   516  		return n, err
   517  	}
   518  
   519  	if b.w-b.r < len(b.buf) {
   520  		b.fill() // buffer not full
   521  	}
   522  
   523  	for b.r < b.w {
   524  		// b.r < b.w => buffer is not empty
   525  		m, err := b.writeBuf(w)
   526  		n += m
   527  		if err != nil {
   528  			return n, err
   529  		}
   530  		b.fill() // buffer is empty
   531  	}
   532  
   533  	if b.err == io.EOF {
   534  		b.err = nil
   535  	}
   536  
   537  	return n, b.readErr()
   538  }
   539  
   540  var errNegativeWrite = errors.New("bufio: writer returned negative count from Write")
   541  
   542  // writeBuf writes the Reader's buffer to the writer.
   543  func (b *Reader) writeBuf(w io.Writer) (int64, error) {
   544  	n, err := w.Write(b.buf[b.r:b.w])
   545  	if n < 0 {
   546  		panic(errNegativeWrite)
   547  	}
   548  	b.r += n
   549  	return int64(n), err
   550  }
   551  
   552  // buffered output
   553  
   554  // Writer implements buffering for an io.Writer object.
   555  // If an error occurs writing to a Writer, no more data will be
   556  // accepted and all subsequent writes, and Flush, will return the error.
   557  // After all data has been written, the client should call the
   558  // Flush method to guarantee all data has been forwarded to
   559  // the underlying io.Writer.
   560  type Writer struct {
   561  	err error
   562  	buf []byte
   563  	n   int
   564  	wr  io.Writer
   565  }
   566  
   567  // NewWriterSize returns a new Writer whose buffer has at least the specified
   568  // size. If the argument io.Writer is already a Writer with large enough
   569  // size, it returns the underlying Writer.
   570  func NewWriterSize(w io.Writer, size int) *Writer {
   571  	// Is it already a Writer?
   572  	b, ok := w.(*Writer)
   573  	if ok && len(b.buf) >= size {
   574  		return b
   575  	}
   576  	if size <= 0 {
   577  		size = defaultBufSize
   578  	}
   579  	return &Writer{
   580  		buf: make([]byte, size),
   581  		wr:  w,
   582  	}
   583  }
   584  
   585  // NewWriter returns a new Writer whose buffer has the default size.
   586  func NewWriter(w io.Writer) *Writer {
   587  	return NewWriterSize(w, defaultBufSize)
   588  }
   589  
   590  // Size returns the size of the underlying buffer in bytes.
   591  func (b *Writer) Size() int { return len(b.buf) }
   592  
   593  // Reset discards any unflushed buffered data, clears any error, and
   594  // resets b to write its output to w.
   595  func (b *Writer) Reset(w io.Writer) {
   596  	b.err = nil
   597  	b.n = 0
   598  	b.wr = w
   599  }
   600  
   601  // Flush writes any buffered data to the underlying io.Writer.
   602  func (b *Writer) Flush() error {
   603  	if b.err != nil {
   604  		return b.err
   605  	}
   606  	if b.n == 0 {
   607  		return nil
   608  	}
   609  	n, err := b.wr.Write(b.buf[0:b.n])
   610  	if n < b.n && err == nil {
   611  		err = io.ErrShortWrite
   612  	}
   613  	if err != nil {
   614  		if n > 0 && n < b.n {
   615  			copy(b.buf[0:b.n-n], b.buf[n:b.n])
   616  		}
   617  		b.n -= n
   618  		b.err = err
   619  		return err
   620  	}
   621  	b.n = 0
   622  	return nil
   623  }
   624  
   625  // Available returns how many bytes are unused in the buffer.
   626  func (b *Writer) Available() int { return len(b.buf) - b.n }
   627  
   628  // Buffered returns the number of bytes that have been written into the current buffer.
   629  func (b *Writer) Buffered() int { return b.n }
   630  
   631  // Write writes the contents of p into the buffer.
   632  // It returns the number of bytes written.
   633  // If nn < len(p), it also returns an error explaining
   634  // why the write is short.
   635  func (b *Writer) Write(p []byte) (nn int, err error) {
   636  	for len(p) > b.Available() && b.err == nil {
   637  		var n int
   638  		if b.Buffered() == 0 {
   639  			// Large write, empty buffer.
   640  			// Write directly from p to avoid copy.
   641  			n, b.err = b.wr.Write(p)
   642  		} else {
   643  			n = copy(b.buf[b.n:], p)
   644  			b.n += n
   645  			b.Flush()
   646  		}
   647  		nn += n
   648  		p = p[n:]
   649  	}
   650  	if b.err != nil {
   651  		return nn, b.err
   652  	}
   653  	n := copy(b.buf[b.n:], p)
   654  	b.n += n
   655  	nn += n
   656  	return nn, nil
   657  }
   658  
   659  // WriteByte writes a single byte.
   660  func (b *Writer) WriteByte(c byte) error {
   661  	if b.err != nil {
   662  		return b.err
   663  	}
   664  	if b.Available() <= 0 && b.Flush() != nil {
   665  		return b.err
   666  	}
   667  	b.buf[b.n] = c
   668  	b.n++
   669  	return nil
   670  }
   671  
   672  // WriteRune writes a single Unicode code point, returning
   673  // the number of bytes written and any error.
   674  func (b *Writer) WriteRune(r rune) (size int, err error) {
   675  	// Compare as uint32 to correctly handle negative runes.
   676  	if uint32(r) < utf8.RuneSelf {
   677  		err = b.WriteByte(byte(r))
   678  		if err != nil {
   679  			return 0, err
   680  		}
   681  		return 1, nil
   682  	}
   683  	if b.err != nil {
   684  		return 0, b.err
   685  	}
   686  	n := b.Available()
   687  	if n < utf8.UTFMax {
   688  		if b.Flush(); b.err != nil {
   689  			return 0, b.err
   690  		}
   691  		n = b.Available()
   692  		if n < utf8.UTFMax {
   693  			// Can only happen if buffer is silly small.
   694  			return b.WriteString(string(r))
   695  		}
   696  	}
   697  	size = utf8.EncodeRune(b.buf[b.n:], r)
   698  	b.n += size
   699  	return size, nil
   700  }
   701  
   702  // WriteString writes a string.
   703  // It returns the number of bytes written.
   704  // If the count is less than len(s), it also returns an error explaining
   705  // why the write is short.
   706  func (b *Writer) WriteString(s string) (int, error) {
   707  	nn := 0
   708  	for len(s) > b.Available() && b.err == nil {
   709  		n := copy(b.buf[b.n:], s)
   710  		b.n += n
   711  		nn += n
   712  		s = s[n:]
   713  		b.Flush()
   714  	}
   715  	if b.err != nil {
   716  		return nn, b.err
   717  	}
   718  	n := copy(b.buf[b.n:], s)
   719  	b.n += n
   720  	nn += n
   721  	return nn, nil
   722  }
   723  
   724  // ReadFrom implements io.ReaderFrom. If the underlying writer
   725  // supports the ReadFrom method, and b has no buffered data yet,
   726  // this calls the underlying ReadFrom without buffering.
   727  func (b *Writer) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (n int64, err error) {
   728  	if b.err != nil {
   729  		return 0, b.err
   730  	}
   731  	if b.Buffered() == 0 {
   732  		if w, ok := b.wr.(io.ReaderFrom); ok {
   733  			n, err = w.ReadFrom(r)
   734  			b.err = err
   735  			return n, err
   736  		}
   737  	}
   738  	var m int
   739  	for {
   740  		if b.Available() == 0 {
   741  			if err1 := b.Flush(); err1 != nil {
   742  				return n, err1
   743  			}
   744  		}
   745  		nr := 0
   746  		for nr < maxConsecutiveEmptyReads {
   747  			m, err = r.Read(b.buf[b.n:])
   748  			if m != 0 || err != nil {
   749  				break
   750  			}
   751  			nr++
   752  		}
   753  		if nr == maxConsecutiveEmptyReads {
   754  			return n, io.ErrNoProgress
   755  		}
   756  		b.n += m
   757  		n += int64(m)
   758  		if err != nil {
   759  			break
   760  		}
   761  	}
   762  	if err == io.EOF {
   763  		// If we filled the buffer exactly, flush preemptively.
   764  		if b.Available() == 0 {
   765  			err = b.Flush()
   766  		} else {
   767  			err = nil
   768  		}
   769  	}
   770  	return n, err
   771  }
   772  
   773  // buffered input and output
   774  
   775  // ReadWriter stores pointers to a Reader and a Writer.
   776  // It implements io.ReadWriter.
   777  type ReadWriter struct {
   778  	*Reader
   779  	*Writer
   780  }
   781  
   782  // NewReadWriter allocates a new ReadWriter that dispatches to r and w.
   783  func NewReadWriter(r *Reader, w *Writer) *ReadWriter {
   784  	return &ReadWriter{r, w}
   785  }