github.com/gochain-io/gochain@v2.2.26+incompatible/miner/worker.go

// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package miner

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"math/big"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"go.opencensus.io/trace"

	"github.com/gochain-io/gochain/common"
	"github.com/gochain-io/gochain/consensus"
	"github.com/gochain-io/gochain/consensus/clique"
	"github.com/gochain-io/gochain/core"
	"github.com/gochain-io/gochain/core/state"
	"github.com/gochain-io/gochain/core/types"
	"github.com/gochain-io/gochain/core/vm"
	"github.com/gochain-io/gochain/event"
	"github.com/gochain-io/gochain/log"
	"github.com/gochain-io/gochain/params"
)

const (
	// resultQueueSize is the size of channel listening to sealing result.
	resultQueueSize = 10

	// txChanSize is the size of channel listening to NewTxsEvent.
	// The number is referenced from the size of tx pool.
	txChanSize = 16384

	// chainHeadChanSize is the size of channel listening to ChainHeadEvent.
	chainHeadChanSize = 32

	// resubmitAdjustChanSize is the size of resubmitting interval adjustment channel.
	resubmitAdjustChanSize = 10

	// miningLogAtDepth is the number of confirmations before logging successful mining.
	miningLogAtDepth = 7

	// minRecommitInterval is the minimal time interval to recreate the mining block with
	// any newly arrived transactions.
	minRecommitInterval = 1 * time.Second

	// maxRecommitInterval is the maximum time interval to recreate the mining block with
	// any newly arrived transactions.
	maxRecommitInterval = 15 * time.Second

	// intervalAdjustRatio is the impact a single interval adjustment has on sealing work
	// resubmitting interval.
	intervalAdjustRatio = 0.1

	// intervalAdjustBias is applied during the new resubmit interval calculation in favor of
	// increasing upper limit or decreasing lower limit so that the limit can be reachable.
	intervalAdjustBias = 200 * 1000.0 * 1000.0

	// staleThreshold is the maximum depth of the acceptable stale block.
	staleThreshold = 7
)

// environment is the worker's current environment and holds all of the current state information.
type environment struct {
	signer types.Signer

	state   *state.StateDB // apply state changes here
	tcount  int            // tx count in cycle
	gasPool *core.GasPool  // available gas used to pack transactions

	header   *types.Header
	txs      []*types.Transaction
	receipts []*types.Receipt
}

// task contains all information for consensus engine sealing and result submitting.
type task struct {
	receipts  []*types.Receipt
	state     *state.StateDB
	block     *types.Block
	createdAt time.Time
}

const (
	commitInterruptNone int32 = iota
	commitInterruptNewHead
	commitInterruptResubmit
)

// newWorkReq represents a request for new sealing work submitting with relative interrupt notifier.
type newWorkReq struct {
	interrupt *int32
	noempty   bool
	timestamp int64
}

// intervalAdjust represents a resubmitting interval adjustment.
type intervalAdjust struct {
	ratio float64
	inc   bool
}

// worker is the main object which takes care of submitting new work to consensus engine
// and gathering the sealing result.
type worker struct {
	config *params.ChainConfig
	engine consensus.Engine
	eth    Backend
	chain  *core.BlockChain

	gasFloor uint64
	gasCeil  uint64

	// Subscriptions
	mux         *event.TypeMux
	txsCh       chan core.NewTxsEvent
	chainHeadCh chan core.ChainHeadEvent

	// Channels
	newWorkCh          chan *newWorkReq
	taskCh             chan *task
	resultCh           chan *types.Block
	startCh            chan struct{}
	exitCh             chan struct{}
	resubmitIntervalCh chan time.Duration
	resubmitAdjustCh   chan *intervalAdjust

	current     *environment       // An environment for current running cycle.
	unconfirmed *unconfirmedBlocks // A set of locally mined blocks pending canonicalness confirmations.

	mu       sync.RWMutex // The lock used to protect the coinbase and extra fields
	coinbase common.Address
	extra    []byte

	pendingMu    sync.RWMutex
	pendingTasks map[common.Hash]*task

	snapshotMu    sync.RWMutex // The lock used to protect the block snapshot and state snapshot
	snapshotBlock *types.Block
	snapshotState *state.StateDB

	// atomic status counters
	running int32 // The indicator whether the consensus engine is running or not.
	newTxs  int32 // New arrival transaction count since last sealing work submitting.

	// External functions
	isLocalBlock func(block *types.Block) bool // Function used to determine whether the specified block is mined by local miner.

	// Test hooks
	newTaskHook  func(*task)                        // Method to call upon receiving a new sealing task.
	skipSealHook func(*task) bool                   // Method to decide whether skipping the sealing.
	fullTaskHook func()                             // Method to call before pushing the full sealing task.
	resubmitHook func(time.Duration, time.Duration) // Method to call upon updating resubmitting interval.
}

func newWorker(config *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, eth Backend, mux *event.TypeMux, recommit time.Duration, gasFloor, gasCeil uint64, isLocalBlock func(*types.Block) bool) *worker {
	worker := &worker{
		config:             config,
		engine:             engine,
		eth:                eth,
		mux:                mux,
		chain:              eth.BlockChain(),
		gasFloor:           gasFloor,
		gasCeil:            gasCeil,
		isLocalBlock:       isLocalBlock,
		unconfirmed:        newUnconfirmedBlocks(eth.BlockChain(), miningLogAtDepth),
		pendingTasks:       make(map[common.Hash]*task),
		txsCh:              make(chan core.NewTxsEvent, txChanSize),
		chainHeadCh:        make(chan core.ChainHeadEvent, chainHeadChanSize),
		newWorkCh:          make(chan *newWorkReq),
		taskCh:             make(chan *task),
		resultCh:           make(chan *types.Block, resultQueueSize),
		exitCh:             make(chan struct{}),
		startCh:            make(chan struct{}, 1),
		resubmitIntervalCh: make(chan time.Duration),
		resubmitAdjustCh:   make(chan *intervalAdjust, resubmitAdjustChanSize),
	}
	// Subscribe NewTxsEvent for tx pool
	eth.TxPool().SubscribeNewTxsEvent(worker.txsCh, "miner.worker")
	// Subscribe events for blockchain
	eth.BlockChain().SubscribeChainHeadEvent(worker.chainHeadCh, "miner.worker")

	// Sanitize recommit interval if the user-specified one is too short.
	if recommit < minRecommitInterval {
		log.Warn("Sanitizing miner recommit interval", "provided", recommit, "updated", minRecommitInterval)
		recommit = minRecommitInterval
	}

	go worker.mainLoop()
	go worker.newWorkLoop(recommit)
	go worker.resultLoop()
	go worker.taskLoop()

	// Submit first work to initialize pending state.
	worker.startCh <- struct{}{}

	return worker
}

// setEtherbase sets the etherbase used to initialize the block coinbase field.
func (w *worker) setEtherbase(addr common.Address) {
	w.mu.Lock()
	defer w.mu.Unlock()
	w.coinbase = addr
}

// setExtra sets the content used to initialize the block extra field.
func (w *worker) setExtra(extra []byte) {
	w.mu.Lock()
	defer w.mu.Unlock()
	w.extra = extra
}

// setRecommitInterval updates the interval for miner sealing work recommitting.
func (w *worker) setRecommitInterval(interval time.Duration) {
	w.resubmitIntervalCh <- interval
}

// pending returns the pending state and corresponding block.
func (w *worker) pending(ctx context.Context) (*types.Block, *state.StateDB) {
	// return a snapshot to avoid contention on currentMu mutex
	w.snapshotMu.RLock()
	defer w.snapshotMu.RUnlock()
	if w.snapshotState == nil {
		return nil, nil
	}
	return w.snapshotBlock, w.snapshotState.Copy(ctx)
}

// pendingBlock returns pending block.
func (w *worker) pendingBlock() *types.Block {
	// return a snapshot to avoid contention on currentMu mutex
	w.snapshotMu.RLock()
	defer w.snapshotMu.RUnlock()
	return w.snapshotBlock
}

// start sets the running status as 1 and triggers new work submitting.
func (w *worker) start() {
	atomic.StoreInt32(&w.running, 1)
	w.startCh <- struct{}{}
}

// stop sets the running status as 0.
func (w *worker) stop() {
	atomic.StoreInt32(&w.running, 0)
}

// isRunning returns an indicator whether worker is running or not.
func (w *worker) isRunning() bool {
	return atomic.LoadInt32(&w.running) == 1
}

// close terminates all background threads maintained by the worker.
// Note the worker does not support being closed multiple times.
func (w *worker) close() {
	close(w.exitCh)
}

// newWorkLoop is a standalone goroutine to submit new mining work upon received events.
func (w *worker) newWorkLoop(recommit time.Duration) {
	var (
		interrupt   *int32
		minRecommit = recommit // minimal resubmit interval specified by user.
		timestamp   int64      // timestamp for each round of mining.
	)

	timer := time.NewTimer(0)
	<-timer.C // discard the initial tick

	// commit aborts in-flight transaction execution with given signal and resubmits a new one.
	commit := func(noempty bool, s int32) {
		if interrupt != nil {
			atomic.StoreInt32(interrupt, s)
		}
		interrupt = new(int32)
		w.newWorkCh <- &newWorkReq{interrupt: interrupt, noempty: noempty, timestamp: timestamp}
		timer.Reset(recommit)
		atomic.StoreInt32(&w.newTxs, 0)
	}
	// recalcRecommit recalculates the resubmitting interval upon feedback.
	recalcRecommit := func(target float64, inc bool) {
		var (
			prev = float64(recommit.Nanoseconds())
			next float64
		)
		if inc {
			next = prev*(1-intervalAdjustRatio) + intervalAdjustRatio*(target+intervalAdjustBias)
			// Recap if interval is larger than the maximum time interval
			if next > float64(maxRecommitInterval.Nanoseconds()) {
				next = float64(maxRecommitInterval.Nanoseconds())
			}
		} else {
			next = prev*(1-intervalAdjustRatio) + intervalAdjustRatio*(target-intervalAdjustBias)
			// Recap if interval is less than the user specified minimum
			if next < float64(minRecommit.Nanoseconds()) {
				next = float64(minRecommit.Nanoseconds())
			}
		}
		recommit = time.Duration(int64(next))
	}
	// clearPending cleans the stale pending tasks.
	clearPending := func(number uint64) {
		w.pendingMu.Lock()
		for h, t := range w.pendingTasks {
			if t.block.NumberU64()+staleThreshold <= number {
				delete(w.pendingTasks, h)
			}
		}
		w.pendingMu.Unlock()
	}

	for {
		select {
		case <-w.startCh:
			clearPending(w.chain.CurrentBlock().NumberU64())
			timestamp = time.Now().Unix()
			commit(false, commitInterruptNewHead)

		case head, ok := <-w.chainHeadCh:
			if !ok {
				return
			}
			clearPending(head.Block.NumberU64())
			timestamp = time.Now().Unix()
			commit(false, commitInterruptNewHead)

		case <-timer.C:
			// If mining is running resubmit a new work cycle periodically to pull in
			// higher priced transactions. Disable this overhead for pending blocks.
			if w.isRunning() && (w.config.Clique == nil || w.config.Clique.Period > 0) {
				// Short circuit if no new transaction arrives.
				if atomic.LoadInt32(&w.newTxs) == 0 {
					timer.Reset(recommit)
					continue
				}
				commit(true, commitInterruptResubmit)
			}

		case interval := <-w.resubmitIntervalCh:
			// Adjust resubmit interval explicitly by user.
			if interval < minRecommitInterval {
				log.Warn("Sanitizing miner recommit interval", "provided", interval, "updated", minRecommitInterval)
				interval = minRecommitInterval
			}
			log.Info("Miner recommit interval update", "from", minRecommit, "to", interval)
			minRecommit, recommit = interval, interval

			if w.resubmitHook != nil {
				w.resubmitHook(minRecommit, recommit)
			}

		case adjust := <-w.resubmitAdjustCh:
			// Adjust resubmit interval by feedback.
			if adjust.inc {
				before := recommit
				recalcRecommit(float64(recommit.Nanoseconds())/adjust.ratio, true)
				log.Trace("Increase miner recommit interval", "from", before, "to", recommit)
			} else {
				before := recommit
				recalcRecommit(float64(minRecommit.Nanoseconds()), false)
				log.Trace("Decrease miner recommit interval", "from", before, "to", recommit)
			}

			if w.resubmitHook != nil {
				w.resubmitHook(minRecommit, recommit)
			}

		case <-w.exitCh:
			return
		}
	}
}

// mainLoop is a standalone goroutine to regenerate the sealing task based on the received event.
func (w *worker) mainLoop() {
	defer w.eth.TxPool().UnsubscribeNewTxsEvent(w.txsCh)
	defer w.eth.BlockChain().UnsubscribeChainHeadEvent(w.chainHeadCh)

	for {
		select {
		case req := <-w.newWorkCh:
			ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(context.Background(),
				"worker.mainLoop-newWork",
				trace.WithSampler(trace.AlwaysSample()))
			w.commitNewWork(ctx, req.interrupt, req.noempty, req.timestamp)
			span.End()

		case first, ok := <-w.txsCh:
			if !ok {
				return
			}
			evs := []core.NewTxsEvent{first}
			cnt := len(first.Txs)
			// Check for more ready events.
		batchloop:
			for len(evs) < 1000 {
				select {
				case ev, ok := <-w.txsCh:
					if !ok {
						return
					}
					evs = append(evs, ev)
					cnt += len(ev.Txs)
				default:
					break batchloop
				}
			}
			ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(context.Background(), "worker.mainLoop-txs")
			// Apply transactions to the pending state if we're not mining.
			//
			// Note all transactions received may not be continuous with transactions
			// already included in the current mining block. These transactions will
			// be automatically eliminated.
			if !w.isRunning() && w.current != nil {
				w.mu.RLock()
				coinbase := w.coinbase
				w.mu.RUnlock()

				txs := make(map[common.Address]types.Transactions)
				for _, ev := range evs {
					for _, tx := range ev.Txs {
						acc, _ := types.Sender(w.current.signer, tx)
						txs[acc] = append(txs[acc], tx)
					}
				}
				txset := types.NewTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(w.current.signer, txs)
				w.commitTransactions(ctx, txset, coinbase, nil)
				w.updateSnapshot(ctx)
			} else {
				// If we're mining, but nothing is being processed, wake on new transactions
				if w.config.Clique != nil && w.config.Clique.Period == 0 {
					w.commitNewWork(ctx, nil, false, time.Now().Unix())
				}
			}
			atomic.AddInt32(&w.newTxs, int32(cnt))
			span.End()

		// System stopped
		case <-w.exitCh:
			return
		}
	}
}

// taskLoop is a standalone goroutine to fetch sealing task from the generator and
// push them to consensus engine.
func (w *worker) taskLoop() {
	var (
		stopCh chan struct{}
		prev   common.Hash
	)

	// interrupt aborts the in-flight sealing task.
	interrupt := func() {
		if stopCh != nil {
			close(stopCh)
			stopCh = nil
		}
	}
	for {
		select {
		case task := <-w.taskCh:
			if w.newTaskHook != nil {
				w.newTaskHook(task)
			}
			// Reject duplicate sealing work due to resubmitting.
			sealHash := w.engine.SealHash(task.block.Header())
			if sealHash == prev {
				continue
			}
			// Interrupt previous sealing operation
			interrupt()
			stopCh, prev = make(chan struct{}), sealHash

			if w.skipSealHook != nil && w.skipSealHook(task) {
				continue
			}
			w.pendingMu.Lock()
			w.pendingTasks[w.engine.SealHash(task.block.Header())] = task
			w.pendingMu.Unlock()

			if b, until, err := w.engine.Seal(context.Background(), w.chain, task.block, stopCh); err != nil {
				log.Warn("Block sealing failed", "err", err)
			} else if b != nil {
				go func() {
					if until != nil {
						if wait := time.Until(*until); wait > 0 {
							log.Trace("Waiting for slot to sign and propagate after delay",
								"number", b.NumberU64(), "until", b.Header().Time.Int64())

							select {
							case <-stopCh:
								return
							case <-time.After(wait):
							}
						}
					}
					select {
					case w.resultCh <- b:
					default:
						log.Warn("Sealing result is not read by miner", "hash", b.Hash())
					}
				}()
			}
		case <-w.exitCh:
			interrupt()
			return
		}
	}
}

// resultLoop is a standalone goroutine to handle sealing result submitting
// and flush relative data to the database.
func (w *worker) resultLoop() {
	for {
		select {
		case block := <-w.resultCh:
			// Short circuit when receiving empty result.
			if block == nil {
				continue
			}
			// Short circuit when receiving duplicate result caused by resubmitting.
			if w.chain.HasBlock(block.Hash(), block.NumberU64()) {
				continue
			}

			ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(context.Background(), "worker.resultLoop-resultCh", trace.WithSampler(trace.AlwaysSample()))
			var (
				sealhash = w.engine.SealHash(block.Header())
				hash     = block.Hash()
			)
			w.pendingMu.RLock()
			task, exist := w.pendingTasks[sealhash]
			w.pendingMu.RUnlock()
			if !exist {
				log.Error("Block found but no relative pending task", "number", block.Number(), "sealhash", sealhash, "hash", hash)
				span.End()
				continue
			}
			// Different block could share same sealhash, deep copy here to prevent write-write conflict.
			var (
				receipts = make([]*types.Receipt, len(task.receipts))
				logs     []*types.Log
			)
			for i, receipt := range task.receipts {
				receipts[i] = new(types.Receipt)
				*receipts[i] = *receipt
				// Update the block hash in all logs since it is now available and not when the
				// receipt/log of individual transactions were created.
				for _, log := range receipt.Logs {
					log.BlockHash = hash
				}
				logs = append(logs, receipt.Logs...)
			}
			// Commit block and state to database.
			stat, err := w.chain.WriteBlockWithState(ctx, block, receipts, task.state)
			if err != nil {
				log.Error("Failed writing block to chain", "err", err)
				span.End()
				continue
			}
			log.Info("Successfully sealed new block", "number", block.Number(), "sealhash", sealhash, "hash", hash,
				"parent", block.ParentHash(), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(task.createdAt)))

			// Broadcast the block and announce chain insertion event
			if err := w.mux.Post(core.NewMinedBlockEvent{Block: block}); err != nil {
				log.Error("Failed to post new mined block event", "err", err)
			}

			var events []interface{}
			switch stat {
			case core.CanonStatTy:
				events = append(events, core.ChainEvent{Block: block, Hash: block.Hash(), Logs: logs})
				events = append(events, core.ChainHeadEvent{Block: block})
			case core.SideStatTy:
				events = append(events, core.ChainSideEvent{Block: block})
			}
			w.chain.PostChainEvents(ctx, events, logs)

			// Insert the block into the set of pending ones to resultLoop for confirmations
			w.unconfirmed.Insert(block.NumberU64(), block.Hash())
			span.End()

		case <-w.exitCh:
			return
		}
	}
}

// makeCurrent creates a new environment for the current cycle.
func (w *worker) makeCurrent(parent *types.Block, header *types.Header) error {
	state, err := w.chain.StateAt(parent.Root())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	env := &environment{
		signer: types.NewEIP155Signer(w.config.ChainId),
		state:  state,
		header: header,
	}

	// Keep track of transactions which return errors so they can be removed
	env.tcount = 0
	w.current = env
	return nil
}

// updateSnapshot updates pending snapshot block and state.
// Note this function assumes the current variable is thread safe.
func (w *worker) updateSnapshot(ctx context.Context) {
	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "worker.updateSnapshot")
	defer span.End()

	w.snapshotMu.Lock()
	defer w.snapshotMu.Unlock()

	w.snapshotBlock = types.NewBlock(
		w.current.header,
		w.current.txs,
		nil,
		w.current.receipts,
	)
	w.snapshotState = w.current.state.Copy(ctx)
}

func (w *worker) commitTransaction(ctx context.Context, vmenv *vm.EVM, tx *types.Transaction) ([]*types.Log, error) {
	snap := w.current.state.Snapshot()

	receipt, _, err := core.ApplyTransaction(ctx, vmenv, w.config, w.current.gasPool, w.current.state, w.current.header, tx, &w.current.header.GasUsed, w.current.signer)
	if err != nil {
		w.current.state.RevertToSnapshot(snap)
		return nil, err
	}
	w.current.txs = append(w.current.txs, tx)
	w.current.receipts = append(w.current.receipts, receipt)

	return receipt.Logs, nil
}

const maxCommitTransactionsDur = time.Second

func (w *worker) commitTransactions(ctx context.Context, txs *types.TransactionsByPriceAndNonce, coinbase common.Address, interrupt *int32) bool {
	// Short circuit if current is nil
	if w.current == nil {
		return true
	}

	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "worker.commitTransactions")
	defer span.End()
	defer func() {
		span.AddAttributes(
			trace.Int64Attribute("gas", int64(w.current.gasPool.Gas())))
	}()

	if w.current.gasPool == nil {
		w.current.gasPool = new(core.GasPool).AddGas(w.current.header.GasLimit)
	}

	start := time.Now()

	tracing := log.Tracing()
	// Create a new emv context and environment.
	evmContext := core.NewEVMContextLite(w.current.header, w.chain, &coinbase)
	vmenv := vm.NewEVM(evmContext, w.current.state, w.config, vm.Config{})
	var coalescedLogs []*types.Log
	for {
		// In the following three cases, we will interrupt the execution of the transaction.
		// (1) new head block event arrival, the interrupt signal is 1
		// (2) worker start or restart, the interrupt signal is 1
		// (3) worker recreate the mining block with any newly arrived transactions, the interrupt signal is 2.
		// For the first two cases, the semi-finished work will be discarded.
		// For the third case, the semi-finished work will be submitted to the consensus engine.
		if interrupt != nil && atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) != commitInterruptNone {
			// Notify resubmit loop to increase resubmitting interval due to too frequent commits.
			if atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) == commitInterruptResubmit {
				ratio := float64(w.current.header.GasLimit-w.current.gasPool.Gas()) / float64(w.current.header.GasLimit)
				if ratio < 0.1 {
					ratio = 0.1
				}
				w.resubmitAdjustCh <- &intervalAdjust{
					ratio: ratio,
					inc:   true,
				}
			}
			drop := atomic.LoadInt32(interrupt) == commitInterruptNewHead
			var action string
			if drop {
				action = "dropping"
			} else {
				action = "submitting"
			}
			log.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Commit interrupted, %s incomplete work", action), "num", w.current.header.Number)
			return drop
		}
		if time.Since(start) > maxCommitTransactionsDur {
			log.Info("Commit deadline reached", "num", w.current.header.Number)
			break
		}
		// If we don't have enough gas for any further transactions then we're done
		if w.current.gasPool.Gas() < params.TxGas {
			log.Trace("Not enough gas for further transactions", "have", w.current.gasPool, "want", params.TxGas)
			break
		}
		// Retrieve the next transaction and abort if all done
		tx := txs.Peek()
		if tx == nil {
			break
		}
		// Error may be ignored here. The error has already been checked
		// during transaction acceptance is the transaction pool.
		//
		// We use the eip155 signer regardless of the current hf.
		from, _ := types.Sender(w.current.signer, tx)
		// Check whether the tx is replay protected. If we're not in the EIP155 hf
		// phase, start ignoring the sender until we do.
		if tx.Protected() && !w.config.IsEIP155(w.current.header.Number) {
			if tracing {
				log.Trace("Ignoring reply protected transaction", "hash", tx.Hash(), "eip155", w.config.EIP155Block)
			}

			txs.Pop()
			continue
		}
		// Start executing the transaction
		w.current.state.Prepare(tx.Hash(), common.Hash{}, w.current.tcount)

		logs, err := w.commitTransaction(ctx, vmenv, tx)
		switch err {
		case core.ErrGasLimitReached:
			// Pop the current out-of-gas transaction without shifting in the next from the account
			if tracing {
				log.Trace("Gas limit exceeded for current block", "sender", from)
			}
			txs.Pop()

		case core.ErrNonceTooLow:
			// New head notification data race between the transaction pool and miner, shift
			if tracing {
				log.Trace("Skipping transaction with low nonce", "sender", from, "nonce", tx.Nonce())
			}
			txs.Shift()

		case core.ErrNonceTooHigh:
			// Reorg notification data race between the transaction pool and miner, skip account =
			if tracing {
				log.Trace("Skipping account with high nonce", "sender", from, "nonce", tx.Nonce())
			}
			txs.Pop()

		case nil:
			// Everything ok, collect the logs and shift in the next transaction from the same account
			coalescedLogs = append(coalescedLogs, logs...)
			w.current.tcount++
			txs.Shift()

		default:
			// Strange error, discard the transaction and get the next in line (note, the
			// nonce-too-high clause will prevent us from executing in vain).
			log.Debug("Transaction failed, account skipped", "hash", tx.Hash(), "err", err)
			txs.Shift()
		}
	}

	if !w.isRunning() && len(coalescedLogs) > 0 {
		// We don't push the pendingLogsEvent while we are mining. The reason is that
		// when we are mining, the worker will regenerate a mining block every 3 seconds.
		// In order to avoid pushing the repeated pendingLog, we disable the pending log pushing.

		// make a copy, the state caches the logs and these logs get "upgraded" from pending to mined
		// logs by filling in the block hash when the block was mined by the local miner. This can
		// cause a race condition if a log was "upgraded" before the PendingLogsEvent is processed.
		cpy := make([]*types.Log, len(coalescedLogs))
		for i, l := range coalescedLogs {
			cpy[i] = new(types.Log)
			*cpy[i] = *l
		}
		go w.mux.Post(core.PendingLogsEvent{Logs: cpy})
	}
	// Notify resubmit loop to decrease resubmitting interval if current interval is larger
	// than the user-specified one.
	if interrupt != nil {
		w.resubmitAdjustCh <- &intervalAdjust{inc: false}
	}
	return false
}

// commitNewWork generates several new sealing tasks based on the parent block.
func (w *worker) commitNewWork(ctx context.Context, interrupt *int32, noempty bool, timestamp int64) {
	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "worker.commitNewWork")
	defer span.End()

	w.mu.RLock()
	defer w.mu.RUnlock()

	tstart := time.Now()
	parent := w.chain.CurrentBlock()

	// Don't start sooner than 1s after the parent.
	if earliest := parent.Time().Int64() + 1; earliest > timestamp {
		timestamp = earliest
	}
	// Wait to ensure we're not going off too far in the future.
	if wait := time.Until(time.Unix(timestamp, 0)); wait > 0 {
		log.Info("Mining too far in the future", "wait", common.PrettyDuration(wait))
		time.Sleep(wait)
	}

	num := parent.Number()
	header := &types.Header{
		ParentHash: parent.Hash(),
		Number:     num.Add(num, common.Big1),
		GasLimit:   core.CalcGasLimit(parent, w.gasFloor, w.gasCeil),
		Extra:      w.extra,
	}
	// Only set the coinbase if our consensus engine is running (avoid spurious block rewards)
	if w.isRunning() {
		if w.coinbase == (common.Address{}) {
			log.Error("Refusing to mine without etherbase")
			return
		}
		header.Coinbase = w.coinbase
	}
	if err := w.engine.Prepare(ctx, w.chain, header); err != nil {
		if err == clique.ErrIneligibleSigner {
			log.Info("Not eligible to sign block", "number", header.Number)
			return
		}
		log.Error("Failed to prepare header for mining", "err", err)
		return
	}

	// Could potentially happen if starting to mine in an odd state.
	err := w.makeCurrent(parent, header)
	if err != nil {
		log.Error("Failed to create mining context", "err", err)
		return
	}
	// Create the current work task and check any fork transitions needed
	if !noempty {
		// Create an empty block based on temporary copied state for sealing in advance without waiting block
		// execution finished.
		w.commit(ctx, nil, false, tstart)
	}

	// Fill the block with all available pending transactions.
	pending := w.eth.TxPool().Pending(ctx)
	// Short circuit if there is no available pending transactions
	if len(pending) == 0 {
		w.updateSnapshot(ctx)
		return
	}
	// Split the pending transactions into locals and remotes
	localTxs, remoteTxs := make(map[common.Address]types.Transactions), pending
	for _, account := range w.eth.TxPool().Locals() {
		if txs := remoteTxs[account]; len(txs) > 0 {
			delete(remoteTxs, account)
			localTxs[account] = txs
		}
	}
	if len(localTxs) > 0 {
		txs := types.NewTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(w.current.signer, localTxs)
		if w.commitTransactions(ctx, txs, w.coinbase, interrupt) {
			return
		}
	}
	if len(remoteTxs) > 0 {
		txs := types.NewTransactionsByPriceAndNonce(w.current.signer, remoteTxs)
		if w.commitTransactions(ctx, txs, w.coinbase, interrupt) {
			return
		}
	}
	w.commit(ctx, w.fullTaskHook, true, tstart)
}

// commit runs any post-transaction state modifications, assembles the final block
// and commits new work if consensus engine is running.
func (w *worker) commit(ctx context.Context, interval func(), update bool, start time.Time) error {
	ctx, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "worker.commit")
	defer span.End()

	// Deep copy receipts here to avoid interaction between different tasks.
	receipts := make([]*types.Receipt, len(w.current.receipts))
	for i, l := range w.current.receipts {
		receipts[i] = new(types.Receipt)
		*receipts[i] = *l
	}
	s := w.current.state.Copy(ctx)
	block := w.engine.Finalize(ctx, w.chain, w.current.header, s, w.current.txs, w.current.receipts, true)
	if w.isRunning() {
		if interval != nil {
			interval()
		}
		select {
		case w.taskCh <- &task{receipts: receipts, state: s, block: block, createdAt: time.Now()}:
			w.unconfirmed.Shift(block.NumberU64() - 1)

			feesWei := new(big.Int)
			for i, tx := range block.Transactions() {
				feesWei.Add(feesWei, new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(receipts[i].GasUsed), tx.GasPrice()))
			}
			feesEth := new(big.Float).Quo(new(big.Float).SetInt(feesWei), new(big.Float).SetInt(big.NewInt(params.Ether)))

			log.Info("Commit new mining work", "number", block.Number(), "diff", block.Difficulty(), "parent", block.ParentHash(),
				"txs", w.current.tcount, "gas", block.GasUsed(), "fees", feesEth, "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)))

		case <-w.exitCh:
			log.Info("Worker has exited")
		}
	}
	if update {
		w.updateSnapshot(ctx)
	}
	return nil
}