github.com/intfoundation/intchain@v0.0.0-20220727031208-4316ad31ca73/core/blockchain.go

// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

// Package core implements the Ethereum consensus protocol.
package core

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/core/rawdb"
	"io"
	"math/big"
	mrand "math/rand"
	"sync"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/common"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/common/mclock"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/common/prque"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/consensus"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/core/state"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/core/types"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/core/vm"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/crypto"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/event"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/intdb"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/log"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/metrics"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/params"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/rlp"
	"github.com/intfoundation/intchain/trie"
)

var (
	blockInsertTimer = metrics.NewRegisteredTimer("chain/inserts", nil)

	ErrNoGenesis = errors.New("Genesis not found in chain")
)

const (
	bodyCacheLimit      = 256
	blockCacheLimit     = 256
	receiptsCacheLimit  = 32
	maxFutureBlocks     = 256
	maxTimeFutureBlocks = 30
	badBlockLimit       = 10
	triesInMemory       = 128

	// BlockChainVersion ensures that an incompatible database forces a resync from scratch.
	BlockChainVersion = 3
)

// CacheConfig contains the configuration values for the trie caching/pruning
// that's resident in a blockchain.
type CacheConfig struct {
	TrieCleanLimit int // Memory allowance (MB) to use for caching trie nodes in memory

	TrieDirtyLimit    int           // Memory limit (MB) at which to start flushing dirty trie nodes to disk
	TrieDirtyDisabled bool          // Whether to disable trie write caching and GC altogether (archive node)
	TrieTimeLimit     time.Duration // Time limit after which to flush the current in-memory trie to disk
}

// BlockChain represents the canonical chain given a database with a genesis
// block. The Blockchain manages chain imports, reverts, chain reorganisations.
//
// Importing blocks in to the block chain happens according to the set of rules
// defined by the two stage Validator. Processing of blocks is done using the
// Processor which processes the included transaction. The validation of the state
// is done in the second part of the Validator. Failing results in aborting of
// the import.
//
// The BlockChain also helps in returning blocks from **any** chain included
// in the database as well as blocks that represents the canonical chain. It's
// important to note that GetBlock can return any block and does not need to be
// included in the canonical one where as GetBlockByNumber always represents the
// canonical chain.
type BlockChain struct {
	chainConfig *params.ChainConfig // Chain & network configuration
	cacheConfig *CacheConfig        // Cache configuration for pruning

	db     intdb.Database // Low level persistent database to store final content in
	triegc *prque.Prque   // Priority queue mapping block numbers to tries to gc
	gcproc time.Duration  // Accumulates canonical block processing for trie dumping

	hc                   *HeaderChain
	rmLogsFeed           event.Feed
	chainFeed            event.Feed
	chainSideFeed        event.Feed
	chainHeadFeed        event.Feed
	logsFeed             event.Feed
	createChildChainFeed event.Feed
	startMiningFeed      event.Feed
	stopMiningFeed       event.Feed

	scope        event.SubscriptionScope
	genesisBlock *types.Block

	chainmu sync.RWMutex // blockchain insertion lock

	currentBlock     atomic.Value // Current head of the block chain
	currentFastBlock atomic.Value // Current head of the fast-sync chain (may be above the block chain!)

	stateCache    state.Database // State database to reuse between imports (contains state cache)
	bodyCache     *lru.Cache     // Cache for the most recent block bodies
	bodyRLPCache  *lru.Cache     // Cache for the most recent block bodies in RLP encoded format
	receiptsCache *lru.Cache     // Cache for the most recent receipts per block
	blockCache    *lru.Cache     // Cache for the most recent entire blocks
	futureBlocks  *lru.Cache     // future blocks are blocks added for later processing

	quit    chan struct{} // blockchain quit channel
	running int32         // running must be called atomically
	// procInterrupt must be atomically called
	procInterrupt int32          // interrupt signaler for block processing
	wg            sync.WaitGroup // chain processing wait group for shutting down

	engine    consensus.Engine
	validator Validator // Block and state validator interface
	processor Processor // Block transaction processor interface
	vmConfig  vm.Config

	badBlocks *lru.Cache // Bad block cache

	cch    CrossChainHelper
	logger log.Logger
}

// NewBlockChain returns a fully initialised block chain using information
// available in the database. It initialises the default Ethereum Validator and
// Processor.
func NewBlockChain(db intdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, engine consensus.Engine, vmConfig vm.Config, cch CrossChainHelper) (*BlockChain, error) {
	if cacheConfig == nil {
		cacheConfig = &CacheConfig{
			TrieCleanLimit: 256,
			TrieDirtyLimit: 256,
			TrieTimeLimit:  5 * time.Minute,
		}
	}
	bodyCache, _ := lru.New(bodyCacheLimit)
	bodyRLPCache, _ := lru.New(bodyCacheLimit)
	receiptsCache, _ := lru.New(receiptsCacheLimit)
	blockCache, _ := lru.New(blockCacheLimit)
	futureBlocks, _ := lru.New(maxFutureBlocks)
	badBlocks, _ := lru.New(badBlockLimit)

	bc := &BlockChain{
		chainConfig:   chainConfig,
		cacheConfig:   cacheConfig,
		db:            db,
		triegc:        prque.New(nil),
		stateCache:    state.NewDatabaseWithCache(db, cacheConfig.TrieCleanLimit),
		quit:          make(chan struct{}),
		bodyCache:     bodyCache,
		bodyRLPCache:  bodyRLPCache,
		receiptsCache: receiptsCache,
		blockCache:    blockCache,
		futureBlocks:  futureBlocks,
		engine:        engine,
		vmConfig:      vmConfig,
		badBlocks:     badBlocks,
		cch:           cch,
		logger:        chainConfig.ChainLogger,
	}
	bc.validator = NewBlockValidator(chainConfig, bc, engine)
	bc.processor = NewStateProcessor(chainConfig, bc, engine, cch)

	var err error
	bc.hc, err = NewHeaderChain(db, chainConfig, engine, bc.getProcInterrupt)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	bc.genesisBlock = bc.GetBlockByNumber(0)
	if bc.genesisBlock == nil {
		return nil, ErrNoGenesis
	}
	if err := bc.loadLastState(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// Check the current state of the block hashes and make sure that we do not have any of the bad blocks in our chain
	for hash := range BadHashes {
		if header := bc.GetHeaderByHash(hash); header != nil {
			// get the canonical block corresponding to the offending header's number
			headerByNumber := bc.GetHeaderByNumber(header.Number.Uint64())
			// make sure the headerByNumber (if present) is in our current canonical chain
			if headerByNumber != nil && headerByNumber.Hash() == header.Hash() {
				bc.logger.Error("Found bad hash, rewinding chain", "number", header.Number, "hash", header.ParentHash)
				bc.SetHead(header.Number.Uint64() - 1)
				bc.logger.Error("Chain rewind was successful, resuming normal operation")
			}
		}
	}
	// Take ownership of this particular state
	go bc.update()
	return bc, nil
}

func (bc *BlockChain) getProcInterrupt() bool {
	return atomic.LoadInt32(&bc.procInterrupt) == 1
}

// loadLastState loads the last known chain state from the database. This method
// assumes that the chain manager mutex is held.
func (bc *BlockChain) loadLastState() error {
	// Restore the last known head block
	head := rawdb.ReadHeadBlockHash(bc.db)
	if head == (common.Hash{}) {
		// Corrupt or empty database, init from scratch
		bc.logger.Warn("Empty database, resetting chain")
		return bc.Reset()
	}
	// Make sure the entire head block is available
	currentBlock := bc.GetBlockByHash(head)
	if currentBlock == nil {
		// Corrupt or empty database, init from scratch
		bc.logger.Warn("Head block missing, resetting chain", "hash", head)
		return bc.Reset()
	}
	// Make sure the state associated with the block is available
	if _, err := state.New(currentBlock.Root(), bc.stateCache); err != nil {
		// Dangling block without a state associated, init from scratch
		bc.logger.Warn("Head state missing, repairing chain", "number", currentBlock.Number(), "hash", currentBlock.Hash(), "err", err)
		if err := bc.repair(&currentBlock); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	// Everything seems to be fine, set as the head block
	bc.currentBlock.Store(currentBlock)

	// Restore the last known head header
	currentHeader := currentBlock.Header()
	if head := rawdb.ReadHeadHeaderHash(bc.db); head != (common.Hash{}) {
		if header := bc.GetHeaderByHash(head); header != nil {
			currentHeader = header
		}
	}
	bc.hc.SetCurrentHeader(currentHeader)

	// Restore the last known head fast block
	bc.currentFastBlock.Store(currentBlock)
	if head := rawdb.ReadHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db); head != (common.Hash{}) {
		if block := bc.GetBlockByHash(head); block != nil {
			bc.currentFastBlock.Store(block)
		}
	}

	// Issue a status log for the user
	currentFastBlock := bc.CurrentFastBlock()

	headerTd := bc.GetTd(currentHeader.Hash(), currentHeader.Number.Uint64())
	blockTd := bc.GetTd(currentBlock.Hash(), currentBlock.NumberU64())
	fastTd := bc.GetTd(currentFastBlock.Hash(), currentFastBlock.NumberU64())

	bc.logger.Info("Loaded most recent local header", "number", currentHeader.Number, "hash", currentHeader.Hash(), "td", headerTd)
	bc.logger.Info("Loaded most recent local full block", "number", currentBlock.Number(), "hash", currentBlock.Hash(), "td", blockTd)
	bc.logger.Info("Loaded most recent local fast block", "number", currentFastBlock.Number(), "hash", currentFastBlock.Hash(), "td", fastTd)

	return nil
}

// SetHead rewinds the local chain to a new head. In the case of headers, everything
// above the new head will be deleted and the new one set. In the case of blocks
// though, the head may be further rewound if block bodies are missing (non-archive
// nodes after a fast sync).
func (bc *BlockChain) SetHead(head uint64) error {
	bc.logger.Warn("Rewinding blockchain", "target", head)

	bc.chainmu.Lock()
	defer bc.chainmu.Unlock()

	// Rewind the header chain, deleting all block bodies until then
	delFn := func(db intdb.Writer, hash common.Hash, num uint64) {
		rawdb.DeleteBody(db, hash, num)
	}
	bc.hc.SetHead(head, delFn)
	currentHeader := bc.hc.CurrentHeader()

	// Clear out any stale content from the caches
	bc.bodyCache.Purge()
	bc.bodyRLPCache.Purge()
	bc.receiptsCache.Purge()
	bc.blockCache.Purge()
	bc.futureBlocks.Purge()

	// Rewind the block chain, ensuring we don't end up with a stateless head block
	if currentBlock := bc.CurrentBlock(); currentBlock != nil && currentHeader.Number.Uint64() < currentBlock.NumberU64() {
		bc.currentBlock.Store(bc.GetBlock(currentHeader.Hash(), currentHeader.Number.Uint64()))
	}
	if currentBlock := bc.CurrentBlock(); currentBlock != nil {
		if _, err := state.New(currentBlock.Root(), bc.stateCache); err != nil {
			// Rewound state missing, rolled back to before pivot, reset to genesis
			bc.currentBlock.Store(bc.genesisBlock)
		}
	}
	// Rewind the fast block in a simpleton way to the target head
	if currentFastBlock := bc.CurrentFastBlock(); currentFastBlock != nil && currentHeader.Number.Uint64() < currentFastBlock.NumberU64() {
		bc.currentFastBlock.Store(bc.GetBlock(currentHeader.Hash(), currentHeader.Number.Uint64()))
	}
	// If either blocks reached nil, reset to the genesis state
	if currentBlock := bc.CurrentBlock(); currentBlock == nil {
		bc.currentBlock.Store(bc.genesisBlock)
	}
	if currentFastBlock := bc.CurrentFastBlock(); currentFastBlock == nil {
		bc.currentFastBlock.Store(bc.genesisBlock)
	}
	currentBlock := bc.CurrentBlock()
	currentFastBlock := bc.CurrentFastBlock()

	rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(bc.db, currentBlock.Hash())
	rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db, currentFastBlock.Hash())

	return bc.loadLastState()
}

// FastSyncCommitHead sets the current head block to the one defined by the hash
// irrelevant what the chain contents were prior.
func (bc *BlockChain) FastSyncCommitHead(hash common.Hash) error {
	// Make sure that both the block as well at its state trie exists
	block := bc.GetBlockByHash(hash)
	if block == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("non existent block [%x…]", hash[:4])
	}
	if _, err := trie.NewSecure(block.Root(), bc.stateCache.TrieDB()); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// If all checks out, manually set the head block
	bc.chainmu.Lock()
	bc.currentBlock.Store(block)
	bc.chainmu.Unlock()

	bc.logger.Info("Committed new head block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", hash)
	return nil
}

// GasLimit returns the gas limit of the current HEAD block.
func (bc *BlockChain) GasLimit() uint64 {
	return bc.CurrentBlock().GasLimit()
}

// CurrentBlock retrieves the current head block of the canonical chain. The
// block is retrieved from the blockchain's internal cache.
func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentBlock() *types.Block {
	return bc.currentBlock.Load().(*types.Block)
}

// CurrentFastBlock retrieves the current fast-sync head block of the canonical
// chain. The block is retrieved from the blockchain's internal cache.
func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentFastBlock() *types.Block {
	return bc.currentFastBlock.Load().(*types.Block)
}

// Validator returns the current validator.
func (bc *BlockChain) Validator() Validator {
	return bc.validator
}

// Processor returns the current processor.
func (bc *BlockChain) Processor() Processor {
	return bc.processor
}

// State returns a new mutable state based on the current HEAD block.
func (bc *BlockChain) State() (*state.StateDB, error) {
	return bc.StateAt(bc.CurrentBlock().Root())
}

// StateAt returns a new mutable state based on a particular point in time.
func (bc *BlockChain) StateAt(root common.Hash) (*state.StateDB, error) {
	return state.New(root, bc.stateCache)
}

// StateCache returns the caching database underpinning the blockchain instance.
func (bc *BlockChain) StateCache() state.Database {
	return bc.stateCache
}

// Reset purges the entire blockchain, restoring it to its genesis state.
func (bc *BlockChain) Reset() error {
	return bc.ResetWithGenesisBlock(bc.genesisBlock)
}

// ResetWithGenesisBlock purges the entire blockchain, restoring it to the
// specified genesis state.
func (bc *BlockChain) ResetWithGenesisBlock(genesis *types.Block) error {
	// Dump the entire block chain and purge the caches
	if err := bc.SetHead(0); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	bc.chainmu.Lock()
	defer bc.chainmu.Unlock()

	// Prepare the genesis block and reinitialise the chain
	if err := bc.hc.WriteTd(genesis.Hash(), genesis.NumberU64(), genesis.Difficulty()); err != nil {
		bc.logger.Crit("Failed to write genesis block TD", "err", err)
	}
	rawdb.WriteBlock(bc.db, genesis)

	bc.genesisBlock = genesis
	bc.insert(bc.genesisBlock)
	bc.currentBlock.Store(bc.genesisBlock)
	bc.hc.SetGenesis(bc.genesisBlock.Header())
	bc.hc.SetCurrentHeader(bc.genesisBlock.Header())
	bc.currentFastBlock.Store(bc.genesisBlock)

	return nil
}

// repair tries to repair the current blockchain by rolling back the current block
// until one with associated state is found. This is needed to fix incomplete db
// writes caused either by crashes/power outages, or simply non-committed tries.
//
// This method only rolls back the current block. The current header and current
// fast block are left intact.
func (bc *BlockChain) repair(head **types.Block) error {
	for {
		// Abort if we've rewound to a head block that does have associated state
		if _, err := state.New((*head).Root(), bc.stateCache); err == nil {
			bc.logger.Info("Rewound blockchain to past state", "number", (*head).Number(), "hash", (*head).Hash())
			return nil
		}
		// Otherwise rewind one block and recheck state availability there
		block := bc.GetBlock((*head).ParentHash(), (*head).NumberU64()-1)
		if block == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("missing block %d [%x]", (*head).NumberU64()-1, (*head).ParentHash())
		}
		*head = block
	}
}

// Export writes the active chain to the given writer.
func (bc *BlockChain) Export(w io.Writer) error {
	return bc.ExportN(w, uint64(0), bc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64())
}

// ExportN writes a subset of the active chain to the given writer.
func (bc *BlockChain) ExportN(w io.Writer, first uint64, last uint64) error {
	bc.chainmu.RLock()
	defer bc.chainmu.RUnlock()

	if first > last {
		return fmt.Errorf("export failed: first (%d) is greater than last (%d)", first, last)
	}
	bc.logger.Info("Exporting batch of blocks", "count", last-first+1)

	for nr := first; nr <= last; nr++ {
		block := bc.GetBlockByNumber(nr)
		if block == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("export failed on #%d: not found", nr)
		}

		if err := block.EncodeRLP(w); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// insert injects a new head block into the current block chain. This method
// assumes that the block is indeed a true head. It will also reset the head
// header and the head fast sync block to this very same block if they are older
// or if they are on a different side chain.
//
// Note, this function assumes that the `mu` mutex is held!
func (bc *BlockChain) insert(block *types.Block) {
	// If the block is on a side chain or an unknown one, force other heads onto it too
	updateHeads := rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(bc.db, block.NumberU64()) != block.Hash()

	// Add the block to the canonical chain number scheme and mark as the head
	rawdb.WriteCanonicalHash(bc.db, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
	rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(bc.db, block.Hash())

	bc.currentBlock.Store(block)

	// If the block is better than our head or is on a different chain, force update heads
	if updateHeads {
		bc.hc.SetCurrentHeader(block.Header())
		rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db, block.Hash())

		bc.currentFastBlock.Store(block)
	}

	bc.logger.Info(fmt.Sprintf("BlockChain insert block number %v, hash: %x", block.NumberU64(), block.Hash()))
	ibCbMap := GetInsertBlockCbMap()
	for _, cb := range ibCbMap {
		cb(bc, block)
	}
}

// Genesis retrieves the chain's genesis block.
func (bc *BlockChain) Genesis() *types.Block {
	return bc.genesisBlock
}

// GetBody retrieves a block body (transactions and uncles) from the database by
// hash, caching it if found.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetBody(hash common.Hash) *types.Body {
	// Short circuit if the body's already in the cache, retrieve otherwise
	if cached, ok := bc.bodyCache.Get(hash); ok {
		body := cached.(*types.Body)
		return body
	}
	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
	if number == nil {
		return nil
	}
	body := rawdb.ReadBody(bc.db, hash, *number)
	if body == nil {
		return nil
	}
	// Cache the found body for next time and return
	bc.bodyCache.Add(hash, body)
	return body
}

// GetBodyRLP retrieves a block body in RLP encoding from the database by hash,
// caching it if found.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetBodyRLP(hash common.Hash) rlp.RawValue {
	// Short circuit if the body's already in the cache, retrieve otherwise
	if cached, ok := bc.bodyRLPCache.Get(hash); ok {
		return cached.(rlp.RawValue)
	}
	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
	if number == nil {
		return nil
	}
	body := rawdb.ReadBodyRLP(bc.db, hash, *number)
	if len(body) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	// Cache the found body for next time and return
	bc.bodyRLPCache.Add(hash, body)
	return body
}

// HasBlock checks if a block is fully present in the database or not.
func (bc *BlockChain) HasBlock(hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
	if bc.blockCache.Contains(hash) {
		return true
	}
	return rawdb.HasBody(bc.db, hash, number)
}

// HasState checks if state trie is fully present in the database or not.
func (bc *BlockChain) HasState(hash common.Hash) bool {
	_, err := bc.stateCache.OpenTrie(hash)
	return err == nil
}

// HasBlockAndState checks if a block and associated state trie is fully present
// in the database or not, caching it if present.
func (bc *BlockChain) HasBlockAndState(hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
	// Check first that the block itself is known
	block := bc.GetBlock(hash, number)
	if block == nil {
		return false
	}
	return bc.HasState(block.Root())
}

// GetBlock retrieves a block from the database by hash and number,
// caching it if found.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlock(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Block {
	// Short circuit if the block's already in the cache, retrieve otherwise
	if block, ok := bc.blockCache.Get(hash); ok {
		return block.(*types.Block)
	}
	block := rawdb.ReadBlock(bc.db, hash, number)
	if block == nil {
		return nil
	}
	// Cache the found block for next time and return
	bc.blockCache.Add(block.Hash(), block)
	return block
}

// GetBlockByHash retrieves a block from the database by hash, caching it if found.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlockByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Block {
	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
	if number == nil {
		return nil
	}
	return bc.GetBlock(hash, *number)
}

// GetBlockByNumber retrieves a block from the database by number, caching it
// (associated with its hash) if found.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlockByNumber(number uint64) *types.Block {
	hash := rawdb.ReadCanonicalHash(bc.db, number)
	if hash == (common.Hash{}) {
		return nil
	}
	return bc.GetBlock(hash, number)
}

// GetReceiptsByHash retrieves the receipts for all transactions in a given block.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetReceiptsByHash(hash common.Hash) types.Receipts {
	if receipts, ok := bc.receiptsCache.Get(hash); ok {
		return receipts.(types.Receipts)
	}
	number := rawdb.ReadHeaderNumber(bc.db, hash)
	if number == nil {
		return nil
	}
	receipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(bc.db, hash, *number)
	if receipts == nil {
		return nil
	}
	bc.receiptsCache.Add(hash, receipts)
	return receipts
}

// GetBlocksFromHash returns the block corresponding to hash and up to n-1 ancestors.
// [deprecated by intprotocol/62]
func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlocksFromHash(hash common.Hash, n int) (blocks []*types.Block) {
	number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
	if number == nil {
		return nil
	}
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		block := bc.GetBlock(hash, *number)
		if block == nil {
			break
		}
		blocks = append(blocks, block)
		hash = block.ParentHash()
		*number--
	}
	return
}

// GetUnclesInChain retrieves all the uncles from a given block backwards until
// a specific distance is reached.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetUnclesInChain(block *types.Block, length int) []*types.Header {
	uncles := []*types.Header{}
	for i := 0; block != nil && i < length; i++ {
		uncles = append(uncles, block.Uncles()...)
		block = bc.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
	}
	return uncles
}

// ChainValidator execute and validate the block with the current latest block.
func (bc *BlockChain) ValidateBlock(block *types.Block) (*state.StateDB, types.Receipts, *types.PendingOps, error) {
	// If the header is a banned one, straight out abort
	if BadHashes[block.Hash()] {
		return nil, nil, nil, ErrBlacklistedHash
	}

	// Header verify
	if err := bc.engine.(consensus.IPBFT).VerifyHeaderBeforeConsensus(bc, block.Header(), true); err != nil {
		return nil, nil, nil, err
	}

	// Body verify
	if err := bc.Validator().ValidateBody(block); err != nil {
		log.Debugf("ValidateBlock-ValidateBody return with error: %v", err)
		return nil, nil, nil, err
	}

	var parent *types.Block
	parent = bc.GetBlock(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
	state, err := state.New(parent.Root(), bc.stateCache)
	if err != nil {
		log.Debugf("ValidateBlock-state.New return with error: %v", err)
		return nil, nil, nil, err
	}

	// Process block using the parent state as reference point.
	receipts, _, usedGas, ops, err := bc.processor.Process(block, state, bc.vmConfig)
	if err != nil {
		log.Debugf("ValidateBlock-Process return with error: %v", err)
		return nil, nil, nil, err
	}

	// Validate the state using the default validator
	err = bc.Validator().ValidateState(block, state, receipts, usedGas)
	if err != nil {
		log.Debugf("ValidateBlock-ValidateState return with error: %v", err)
		return nil, nil, nil, err
	}

	return state, receipts, ops, nil
}

// TrieNode retrieves a blob of data associated with a trie node (or code hash)
// either from ephemeral in-memory cache, or from persistent storage.
func (bc *BlockChain) TrieNode(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
	return bc.stateCache.TrieDB().Node(hash)
}

// Stop stops the blockchain service. If any imports are currently in progress
// it will abort them using the procInterrupt.
func (bc *BlockChain) Stop() {
	if !atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&bc.running, 0, 1) {
		return
	}
	// Unsubscribe all subscriptions registered from blockchain
	bc.scope.Close()
	close(bc.quit)
	atomic.StoreInt32(&bc.procInterrupt, 1)

	bc.wg.Wait()

	// Ensure the state of a recent block is also stored to disk before exiting.
	// We're writing three different states to catch different restart scenarios:
	//  - HEAD:     So we don't need to reprocess any blocks in the general case
	//  - HEAD-1:   So we don't do large reorgs if our HEAD becomes an uncle
	//  - HEAD-127: So we have a hard limit on the number of blocks reexecuted
	if !bc.cacheConfig.TrieDirtyDisabled {
		triedb := bc.stateCache.TrieDB()

		for _, offset := range []uint64{0, 1, triesInMemory - 1} {
			if number := bc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64(); number > offset {
				recent := bc.GetBlockByNumber(number - offset)

				bc.logger.Info("Writing cached state to disk", "block", recent.Number(), "hash", recent.Hash(), "root", recent.Root())
				if err := triedb.Commit(recent.Root(), true); err != nil {
					bc.logger.Error("Failed to commit recent state trie", "err", err)
				}
			}
		}
		for !bc.triegc.Empty() {
			triedb.Dereference(bc.triegc.PopItem().(common.Hash))
		}
		if size, _ := triedb.Size(); size != 0 {
			bc.logger.Error("Dangling trie nodes after full cleanup")
		}
	}
	bc.logger.Info("Blockchain manager stopped")
}

func (bc *BlockChain) procFutureBlocks() {
	blocks := make([]*types.Block, 0, bc.futureBlocks.Len())
	for _, hash := range bc.futureBlocks.Keys() {
		if block, exist := bc.futureBlocks.Peek(hash); exist {
			blocks = append(blocks, block.(*types.Block))
		}
	}
	if len(blocks) > 0 {
		types.BlockBy(types.Number).Sort(blocks)

		// Insert one by one as chain insertion needs contiguous ancestry between blocks
		for i := range blocks {
			bc.InsertChain(blocks[i : i+1])
		}
	}
}

// WriteStatus status of write
type WriteStatus byte

const (
	NonStatTy WriteStatus = iota
	CanonStatTy
	SideStatTy
)

// Rollback is designed to remove a chain of links from the database that aren't
// certain enough to be valid.
func (bc *BlockChain) Rollback(chain []common.Hash) {
	bc.chainmu.Lock()
	defer bc.chainmu.Unlock()

	for i := len(chain) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		hash := chain[i]

		currentHeader := bc.hc.CurrentHeader()
		if currentHeader.Hash() == hash {
			bc.hc.SetCurrentHeader(bc.GetHeader(currentHeader.ParentHash, currentHeader.Number.Uint64()-1))
		}
		if currentFastBlock := bc.CurrentFastBlock(); currentFastBlock.Hash() == hash {
			newFastBlock := bc.GetBlock(currentFastBlock.ParentHash(), currentFastBlock.NumberU64()-1)
			bc.currentFastBlock.Store(newFastBlock)
			rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db, newFastBlock.Hash())
		}
		if currentBlock := bc.CurrentBlock(); currentBlock.Hash() == hash {
			newBlock := bc.GetBlock(currentBlock.ParentHash(), currentBlock.NumberU64()-1)
			bc.currentBlock.Store(newBlock)
			rawdb.WriteHeadBlockHash(bc.db, newBlock.Hash())
		}
	}
}

// SetReceiptsData computes all the non-consensus fields of the receipts
func SetReceiptsData(config *params.ChainConfig, block *types.Block, receipts types.Receipts) error {
	signer := types.MakeSigner(config, block.Number())

	transactions, logIndex := block.Transactions(), uint(0)
	if len(transactions) != len(receipts) {
		return errors.New("transaction and receipt count mismatch")
	}

	for j := 0; j < len(receipts); j++ {
		// The transaction hash can be retrieved from the transaction itself
		receipts[j].TxHash = transactions[j].Hash()

		// block location fields
		receipts[j].BlockHash = block.Hash()
		receipts[j].BlockNumber = block.Number()
		receipts[j].TransactionIndex = uint(j)

		// The contract address can be derived from the transaction itself
		if transactions[j].To() == nil {
			// Deriving the signer is expensive, only do if it's actually needed
			from, _ := types.Sender(signer, transactions[j])
			receipts[j].ContractAddress = crypto.CreateAddress(from, transactions[j].Nonce())
		}
		// The used gas can be calculated based on previous receipts
		if j == 0 {
			receipts[j].GasUsed = receipts[j].CumulativeGasUsed
		} else {
			receipts[j].GasUsed = receipts[j].CumulativeGasUsed - receipts[j-1].CumulativeGasUsed
		}
		// The derived log fields can simply be set from the block and transaction
		for k := 0; k < len(receipts[j].Logs); k++ {
			receipts[j].Logs[k].BlockNumber = block.NumberU64()
			receipts[j].Logs[k].BlockHash = block.Hash()
			receipts[j].Logs[k].TxHash = receipts[j].TxHash
			receipts[j].Logs[k].TxIndex = uint(j)
			receipts[j].Logs[k].Index = logIndex
			logIndex++
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// InsertReceiptChain attempts to complete an already existing header chain with
// transaction and receipt data.
func (bc *BlockChain) InsertReceiptChain(blockChain types.Blocks, receiptChain []types.Receipts) (int, error) {
	bc.wg.Add(1)
	defer bc.wg.Done()

	// Do a sanity check that the provided chain is actually ordered and linked
	for i := 1; i < len(blockChain); i++ {
		if blockChain[i].NumberU64() != blockChain[i-1].NumberU64()+1 || blockChain[i].ParentHash() != blockChain[i-1].Hash() {
			bc.logger.Error("Non contiguous receipt insert", "number", blockChain[i].Number(), "hash", blockChain[i].Hash(), "parent", blockChain[i].ParentHash(),
				"prevnumber", blockChain[i-1].Number(), "prevhash", blockChain[i-1].Hash())
			return 0, fmt.Errorf("non contiguous insert: item %d is #%d [%x…], item %d is #%d [%x…] (parent [%x…])", i-1, blockChain[i-1].NumberU64(),
				blockChain[i-1].Hash().Bytes()[:4], i, blockChain[i].NumberU64(), blockChain[i].Hash().Bytes()[:4], blockChain[i].ParentHash().Bytes()[:4])
		}
	}

	var (
		stats = struct{ processed, ignored int32 }{}
		start = time.Now()
		bytes = 0
		batch = bc.db.NewBatch()
	)
	for i, block := range blockChain {
		receipts := receiptChain[i]
		// Short circuit insertion if shutting down or processing failed
		if atomic.LoadInt32(&bc.procInterrupt) == 1 {
			return 0, nil
		}
		// Short circuit if the owner header is unknown
		if !bc.HasHeader(block.Hash(), block.NumberU64()) {
			return i, fmt.Errorf("containing header #%d [%x…] unknown", block.Number(), block.Hash().Bytes()[:4])
		}
		// Skip if the entire data is already known
		if bc.HasBlock(block.Hash(), block.NumberU64()) {
			stats.ignored++
			continue
		}
		// Compute all the non-consensus fields of the receipts
		if err := SetReceiptsData(bc.chainConfig, block, receipts); err != nil {
			return i, fmt.Errorf("failed to set receipts data: %v", err)
		}
		// Write all the data out into the database
		rawdb.WriteBody(batch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), block.Body())
		rawdb.WriteReceipts(batch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), receipts)
		rawdb.WriteTxLookupEntries(batch, block)

		stats.processed++

		if batch.ValueSize() >= intdb.IdealBatchSize {
			if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
				return 0, err
			}
			bytes += batch.ValueSize()
			batch.Reset()
		}
	}
	if batch.ValueSize() > 0 {
		bytes += batch.ValueSize()
		if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}

	// Update the head fast sync block if better
	bc.chainmu.Lock()
	head := blockChain[len(blockChain)-1]
	if td := bc.GetTd(head.Hash(), head.NumberU64()); td != nil { // Rewind may have occurred, skip in that case
		currentFastBlock := bc.CurrentFastBlock()
		if bc.GetTd(currentFastBlock.Hash(), currentFastBlock.NumberU64()).Cmp(td) < 0 {
			rawdb.WriteHeadFastBlockHash(bc.db, head.Hash())
			bc.currentFastBlock.Store(head)
		}
	}
	bc.chainmu.Unlock()

	bc.logger.Info("Imported new block receipts",
		"count", stats.processed,
		"elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)),
		"number", head.Number(),
		"hash", head.Hash(),
		"size", common.StorageSize(bytes),
		"ignored", stats.ignored)
	return 0, nil
}

var lastWrite uint64

// WriteBlockWithoutState writes only the block and its metadata to the database,
// but does not write any state. This is used to construct competing side forks
// up to the point where they exceed the canonical total difficulty.
func (bc *BlockChain) WriteBlockWithoutState(block *types.Block, td *big.Int) (err error) {
	bc.wg.Add(1)
	defer bc.wg.Done()

	if err := bc.hc.WriteTd(block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), td); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	rawdb.WriteBlock(bc.db, block)

	return nil
}

func (bc *BlockChain) MuLock() {
	bc.chainmu.Lock()
}

func (bc *BlockChain) MuUnLock() {
	bc.chainmu.Unlock()
}

// WriteBlockWithState writes the block and all associated state to the database.
func (bc *BlockChain) WriteBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.Receipt, state *state.StateDB) (status WriteStatus, err error) {

	return bc.writeBlockWithState(block, receipts, state)
}

// writeBlockWithState writes the block and all associated state to the database.
// but is expects the chain mutex to be held.
func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.Receipt, state *state.StateDB) (status WriteStatus, err error) {
	bc.wg.Add(1)
	defer bc.wg.Done()

	//to avoid rewrite the block, just refresh the head
	// Set new head.
	if bc.HasBlockAndState(block.Hash(), block.NumberU64()) {
		bc.insert(block)
		bc.futureBlocks.Remove(block.Hash())
		return CanonStatTy, nil
	}

	// Calculate the total difficulty of the block
	ptd := bc.GetTd(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
	if ptd == nil {
		return NonStatTy, consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
	}
	// Make sure no inconsistent state is leaked during insertion
	currentBlock := bc.CurrentBlock()
	localTd := bc.GetTd(currentBlock.Hash(), currentBlock.NumberU64())
	externTd := new(big.Int).Add(block.Difficulty(), ptd)

	// Irrelevant of the canonical status, write the block itself to the database
	if err := bc.hc.WriteTd(block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), externTd); err != nil {
		return NonStatTy, err
	}
	rawdb.WriteBlock(bc.db, block)

	root, err := state.Commit(bc.chainConfig.IsEIP158(block.Number()))
	if err != nil {
		return NonStatTy, err
	}
	triedb := bc.stateCache.TrieDB()

	//we flush db within 5 blocks before/after epoch-switch to avoid rollback issues
	tdm := bc.Engine().(consensus.IPBFT)
	FORCEFULSHWINDOW := uint64(5)
	curBlockNumber := block.NumberU64()
	curEpoch := tdm.GetEpoch().GetEpochByBlockNumber(curBlockNumber)
	withinEpochSwitchWindow := curBlockNumber < curEpoch.StartBlock+FORCEFULSHWINDOW || curBlockNumber > curEpoch.EndBlock-FORCEFULSHWINDOW

	FLUSHBLOCKSINTERVAL := uint64(5000) //flush per this count to reduce catch-up effort/blocks when rollback occurs
	meetFlushBlockInterval := curBlockNumber%FLUSHBLOCKSINTERVAL == 0

	// If we're running an archive node, always flush
	if withinEpochSwitchWindow || bc.cacheConfig.TrieDirtyDisabled || meetFlushBlockInterval {
		if err := triedb.Commit(root, false); err != nil {
			return NonStatTy, err
		}
	} else {
		// Full but not archive node, do proper garbage collection
		triedb.Reference(root, common.Hash{}) // metadata reference to keep trie alive
		bc.triegc.Push(root, -int64(block.NumberU64()))

		if current := block.NumberU64(); current > triesInMemory {
			// If we exceeded our memory allowance, flush matured singleton nodes to disk
			var (
				nodes, imgs = triedb.Size()
				limit       = common.StorageSize(bc.cacheConfig.TrieDirtyLimit) * 1024 * 1024
			)
			if nodes > limit || imgs > 4*1024*1024 {
				triedb.Cap(limit - intdb.IdealBatchSize)
			}
			// Find the next state trie we need to commit
			chosen := current - triesInMemory

			// If we exceeded out time allowance, flush an entire trie to disk
			if bc.gcproc > bc.cacheConfig.TrieTimeLimit {
				// If the header is missing (canonical chain behind), we're reorging a low
				// diff sidechain. Suspend committing until this operation is completed.
				header := bc.GetHeaderByNumber(chosen)
				if header == nil {
					log.Warn("Reorg in progress, trie commit postponed", "number", chosen)
				} else {
					// If we're exceeding limits but haven't reached a large enough memory gap,
					// warn the user that the system is becoming unstable.
					if chosen < lastWrite+triesInMemory && bc.gcproc >= 2*bc.cacheConfig.TrieTimeLimit {
						log.Info("State in memory for too long, committing", "time", bc.gcproc, "allowance", bc.cacheConfig.TrieTimeLimit, "optimum", float64(chosen-lastWrite)/triesInMemory)
					}
					// Flush an entire trie and restart the counters
					triedb.Commit(header.Root, true)
					lastWrite = chosen
					bc.gcproc = 0
				}
			}
			// Garbage collect anything below our required write retention
			for !bc.triegc.Empty() {
				root, number := bc.triegc.Pop()
				if uint64(-number) > chosen {
					bc.triegc.Push(root, number)
					break
				}
				triedb.Dereference(root.(common.Hash))
			}
		}
	}

	// Write other block data using a batch.
	batch := bc.db.NewBatch()
	rawdb.WriteReceipts(batch, block.Hash(), block.NumberU64(), receipts)

	var reorg bool
	if _, ok := bc.engine.(consensus.IPBFT); ok {
		// IPBFT Engine always Canon State, insert the block to the chain,
		reorg = true
	} else {
		// If the total difficulty is higher than our known, add it to the canonical chain
		// Second clause in the if statement reduces the vulnerability to selfish mining.
		// Please refer to http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~ie53/publications/btcProcFC.pdf
		reorg := externTd.Cmp(localTd) > 0
		currentBlock = bc.CurrentBlock()
		if !reorg && externTd.Cmp(localTd) == 0 {
			// Split same-difficulty blocks by number, then at random
			reorg = block.NumberU64() < currentBlock.NumberU64() || (block.NumberU64() == currentBlock.NumberU64() && mrand.Float64() < 0.5)
		}
	}
	if reorg {
		// Reorganise the chain if the parent is not the head block
		if block.ParentHash() != currentBlock.Hash() {
			if err := bc.reorg(currentBlock, block); err != nil {
				return NonStatTy, err
			}
		}
		// Write the positional metadata for transaction/receipt lookups and preimages
		rawdb.WriteTxLookupEntries(batch, block)
		rawdb.WritePreimages(batch, state.Preimages())

		status = CanonStatTy
	} else {
		status = SideStatTy
	}
	if err := batch.Write(); err != nil {
		return NonStatTy, err
	}

	// Set new head.
	if status == CanonStatTy {
		bc.insert(block)
	}
	bc.futureBlocks.Remove(block.Hash())
	return status, nil
}

// addFutureBlock checks if the block is within the max allowed window to get
// accepted for future processing, and returns an error if the block is too far
// ahead and was not added.
func (bc *BlockChain) addFutureBlock(block *types.Block) error {
	max := uint64(time.Now().Unix() + maxTimeFutureBlocks)
	if block.Time() > max {
		return fmt.Errorf("future block timestamp %v > allowed %v", block.Time(), max)
	}
	bc.futureBlocks.Add(block.Hash(), block)
	return nil
}

// InsertChain attempts to insert the given batch of blocks in to the canonical
// chain or, otherwise, create a fork. If an error is returned it will return
// the index number of the failing block as well an error describing what went
// wrong.
//
// After insertion is done, all accumulated events will be fired.
func (bc *BlockChain) InsertChain(chain types.Blocks) (int, error) {
	// Sanity check that we have something meaningful to import
	if len(chain) == 0 {
		return 0, nil
	}

	// Remove already known canon-blocks
	var (
		block, prev *types.Block
	)
	// Do a sanity check that the provided chain is actually ordered and linked
	for i := 1; i < len(chain); i++ {
		block = chain[i]
		prev = chain[i-1]
		if block.NumberU64() != prev.NumberU64()+1 || block.ParentHash() != prev.Hash() {
			// Chain broke ancestry, log a message (programming error) and skip insertion
			log.Error("Non contiguous block insert", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash(),
				"parent", block.ParentHash(), "prevnumber", prev.Number(), "prevhash", prev.Hash())

			return 0, fmt.Errorf("non contiguous insert: item %d is #%d [%x…], item %d is #%d [%x…] (parent [%x…])", i-1, prev.NumberU64(),
				prev.Hash().Bytes()[:4], i, block.NumberU64(), block.Hash().Bytes()[:4], block.ParentHash().Bytes()[:4])
		}
	}

	// Pre-checks passed, start the full block imports
	bc.wg.Add(1)
	bc.chainmu.Lock()
	n, events, logs, err := bc.insertChain(chain, true)
	bc.chainmu.Unlock()
	bc.wg.Done()

	bc.PostChainEvents(events, logs)
	return n, err
}

// insertChain is the internal implementation of InsertChain, which assumes that
// 1) chains are contiguous, and 2) The chain mutex is held.
//
// This method is split out so that import batches that require re-injecting
// historical blocks can do so without releasing the lock, which could lead to
// racey behaviour. If a sidechain import is in progress, and the historic state
// is imported, but then new canon-head is added before the actual sidechain
// completes, then the historic state could be pruned again
func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals bool) (int, []interface{}, []*types.Log, error) {
	// If the chain is terminating, don't even bother starting up
	if atomic.LoadInt32(&bc.procInterrupt) == 1 {
		return 0, nil, nil, nil
	}

	// A queued approach to delivering events. This is generally
	// faster than direct delivery and requires much less mutex
	// acquiring.
	var (
		stats         = insertStats{startTime: mclock.Now()}
		events        = make([]interface{}, 0, len(chain))
		lastCanon     *types.Block
		coalescedLogs []*types.Log
	)
	// Start the parallel header verifier
	headers := make([]*types.Header, len(chain))
	seals := make([]bool, len(chain))

	for i, block := range chain {
		headers[i] = block.Header()
		seals[i] = verifySeals
	}

	abort, results := bc.engine.VerifyHeaders(bc, headers, seals)
	defer close(abort)

	// Peek the error for the first block to decide the directing import logic
	it := newInsertIterator(chain, results, bc.validator)

	block, err := it.next()

	// Left-trim all the known blocks
	if err == ErrKnownBlock {
		// First block (and state) is known
		//   1. We did a roll-back, and should now do a re-import
		//   2. The block is stored as a sidechain, and is lying about it's stateroot, and passes a stateroot
		// 	    from the canonical chain, which has not been verified.
		// Skip all known blocks that are behind us
		current := bc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64()
		for block != nil && err == ErrKnownBlock {
			if current >= block.NumberU64() {
				stats.ignored++
				block, err = it.next()
			} else {
				log.Infof("this block has been written, but head not refreshed. hash %x, number %v\n",
					block.Hash(), block.NumberU64())
				//make it continue to refresh head
				err = nil
				break
			}
		}
		// Falls through to the block import
	}

	switch {
	// First block is pruned, insert as sidechain and reorg only if TD grows enough
	case err == consensus.ErrPrunedAncestor:
		return bc.insertSidechain(block, it)

	// First block is future, shove it (and all children) to the future queue (unknown ancestor)
	case err == consensus.ErrFutureBlock || (err == consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor && bc.futureBlocks.Contains(it.first().ParentHash())):
		for block != nil && (it.index == 0 || err == consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor) {
			if err := bc.addFutureBlock(block); err != nil {
				return it.index, events, coalescedLogs, err
			}
			block, err = it.next()
		}
		stats.queued += it.processed()
		stats.ignored += it.remaining()

		// If there are any still remaining, mark as ignored
		return it.index, events, coalescedLogs, err

	// Some other error occurred, abort
	case err != nil:
		stats.ignored += len(it.chain)
		bc.reportBlock(block, nil, err)
		return it.index, events, coalescedLogs, err
	}

	// No validation errors for the first block (or chain prefix skipped)
	for ; block != nil && err == nil; block, err = it.next() {
		// If the chain is terminating, stop processing blocks
		if atomic.LoadInt32(&bc.procInterrupt) == 1 {
			bc.logger.Debug("Premature abort during blocks processing")
			break
		}
		// If the header is a banned one, straight out abort
		if BadHashes[block.Hash()] {
			bc.reportBlock(block, nil, ErrBlacklistedHash)
			return it.index, events, coalescedLogs, ErrBlacklistedHash
		}

		// Retrieve the parent block and it's state to execute on top
		start := time.Now()

		parent := it.previous()
		if parent == nil {
			parent = bc.GetHeader(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
		}
		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root, bc.stateCache)
		if err != nil {
			return it.index, events, coalescedLogs, err
		}
		// Process block using the parent state as reference point.
		receipts, logs, usedGas, ops, err := bc.processor.Process(block, statedb, bc.vmConfig)
		if err != nil {
			bc.reportBlock(block, receipts, err)
			return it.index, events, coalescedLogs, err
		}

		// Validate the state using the default validator
		err = bc.Validator().ValidateState(block, statedb, receipts, usedGas)
		if err != nil {
			bc.reportBlock(block, receipts, err)
			return it.index, events, coalescedLogs, err
		}
		proctime := time.Since(start)

		//err = bc.UpdateForbiddenState(block.Header(), statedb)
		//if err != nil {
		//	bc.logger.Error("Block chain failed to update forbidden state", "err", err)
		//}

		// Write the block to the chain and get the status.
		status, err := bc.writeBlockWithState(block, receipts, statedb)
		if err != nil {
			return it.index, events, coalescedLogs, err
		}
		// execute the pending ops.
		for _, op := range ops.Ops() {
			if err := ApplyOp(op, bc, bc.cch); err != nil {
				bc.logger.Error("Failed executing op", op, "err", err)
			}
		}

		blockInsertTimer.UpdateSince(start)

		switch status {
		case CanonStatTy:
			bc.logger.Debug("Inserted new block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash(),
				"uncles", len(block.Uncles()), "txs", len(block.Transactions()), "gas", block.GasUsed(),
				"elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)),
				"root", block.Root())

			coalescedLogs = append(coalescedLogs, logs...)
			events = append(events, ChainEvent{block, block.Hash(), logs})
			lastCanon = block

			// Only count canonical blocks for GC processing time
			bc.gcproc += proctime

		case SideStatTy:
			bc.logger.Debug("Inserted forked block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash(),
				"diff", block.Difficulty(), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)),
				"txs", len(block.Transactions()), "gas", block.GasUsed(), "uncles", len(block.Uncles()),
				"root", block.Root())
			events = append(events, ChainSideEvent{block})
		}
		stats.processed++
		stats.usedGas += usedGas

		dirty, _ := bc.stateCache.TrieDB().Size()
		stats.report(chain, it.index, dirty)
	}
	// Any blocks remaining here? The only ones we care about are the future ones
	if block != nil && err == consensus.ErrFutureBlock {
		if err := bc.addFutureBlock(block); err != nil {
			return it.index, events, coalescedLogs, err
		}
		block, err = it.next()

		for ; block != nil && err == consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor; block, err = it.next() {
			if err := bc.addFutureBlock(block); err != nil {
				return it.index, events, coalescedLogs, err
			}
			stats.queued++
		}
	}
	stats.ignored += it.remaining()

	// Append a single chain head event if we've progressed the chain
	if lastCanon != nil && bc.CurrentBlock().Hash() == lastCanon.Hash() {
		events = append(events, ChainHeadEvent{lastCanon})
	}

	return it.index, events, coalescedLogs, err
}

// insertSidechain is called when an import batch hits upon a pruned ancestor
// error, which happens when a sidechain with a sufficiently old fork-block is
// found.
//
// The method writes all (header-and-body-valid) blocks to disk, then tries to
// switch over to the new chain if the TD exceeded the current chain.
func (bc *BlockChain) insertSidechain(block *types.Block, it *insertIterator) (int, []interface{}, []*types.Log, error) {
	var (
		externTd *big.Int
		current  = bc.CurrentBlock()
	)
	// The first sidechain block error is already verified to be ErrPrunedAncestor.
	// Since we don't import them here, we expect ErrUnknownAncestor for the remaining
	// ones. Any other errors means that the block is invalid, and should not be written
	// to disk.
	err := consensus.ErrPrunedAncestor
	for ; block != nil && (err == consensus.ErrPrunedAncestor); block, err = it.next() {
		// Check the canonical state root for that number
		if number := block.NumberU64(); current.NumberU64() >= number {
			canonical := bc.GetBlockByNumber(number)
			if canonical != nil && canonical.Hash() == block.Hash() {
				// Not a sidechain block, this is a re-import of a canon block which has it's state pruned
				continue
			}
			if canonical != nil && canonical.Root() == block.Root() {
				// This is most likely a shadow-state attack. When a fork is imported into the
				// database, and it eventually reaches a block height which is not pruned, we
				// just found that the state already exist! This means that the sidechain block
				// refers to a state which already exists in our canon chain.
				//
				// If left unchecked, we would now proceed importing the blocks, without actually
				// having verified the state of the previous blocks.
				bc.logger.Warn("Sidechain ghost-state attack detected", "number", block.NumberU64(), "sideroot", block.Root(), "canonroot", canonical.Root())

				// If someone legitimately side-mines blocks, they would still be imported as usual. However,
				// we cannot risk writing unverified blocks to disk when they obviously target the pruning
				// mechanism.
				return it.index, nil, nil, errors.New("sidechain ghost-state attack")
			}
		}
		if externTd == nil {
			externTd = bc.GetTd(block.ParentHash(), block.NumberU64()-1)
		}
		externTd = new(big.Int).Add(externTd, block.Difficulty())

		if !bc.HasBlock(block.Hash(), block.NumberU64()) {
			start := time.Now()
			if err := bc.WriteBlockWithoutState(block, externTd); err != nil {
				return it.index, nil, nil, err
			}
			bc.logger.Debug("Injected sidechain block", "number", block.Number(), "hash", block.Hash(),
				"diff", block.Difficulty(), "elapsed", common.PrettyDuration(time.Since(start)),
				"txs", len(block.Transactions()), "gas", block.GasUsed(), "uncles", len(block.Uncles()),
				"root", block.Root())
		}
	}
	// At this point, we've written all sidechain blocks to database. Loop ended
	// either on some other error or all were processed. If there was some other
	// error, we can ignore the rest of those blocks.
	//
	// If the externTd was larger than our local TD, we now need to reimport the previous
	// blocks to regenerate the required state
	localTd := bc.GetTd(current.Hash(), current.NumberU64())
	if localTd.Cmp(externTd) > 0 {
		bc.logger.Info("Sidechain written to disk", "start", it.first().NumberU64(), "end", it.previous().Number, "sidetd", externTd, "localtd", localTd)
		return it.index, nil, nil, err
	}
	// Gather all the sidechain hashes (full blocks may be memory heavy)
	var (
		hashes  []common.Hash
		numbers []uint64
	)
	parent := it.previous()
	for parent != nil && !bc.HasState(parent.Root) {
		hashes = append(hashes, parent.Hash())
		numbers = append(numbers, parent.Number.Uint64())

		parent = bc.GetHeader(parent.ParentHash, parent.Number.Uint64()-1)
	}
	if parent == nil {
		return it.index, nil, nil, errors.New("missing parent")
	}
	// Import all the pruned blocks to make the state available
	var (
		blocks []*types.Block
		memory common.StorageSize
	)
	for i := len(hashes) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		// Append the next block to our batch
		block := bc.GetBlock(hashes[i], numbers[i])

		blocks = append(blocks, block)
		memory += block.Size()

		// If memory use grew too large, import and continue. Sadly we need to discard
		// all raised events and logs from notifications since we're too heavy on the
		// memory here.
		if len(blocks) >= 2048 || memory > 64*1024*1024 {
			bc.logger.Info("Importing heavy sidechain segment", "blocks", len(blocks), "start", blocks[0].NumberU64(), "end", block.NumberU64())
			if _, _, _, err := bc.insertChain(blocks, false); err != nil {
				return 0, nil, nil, err
			}
			blocks, memory = blocks[:0], 0

			// If the chain is terminating, stop processing blocks
			if atomic.LoadInt32(&bc.procInterrupt) == 1 {
				bc.logger.Debug("Premature abort during blocks processing")
				return 0, nil, nil, nil
			}
		}
	}
	if len(blocks) > 0 {
		bc.logger.Info("Importing sidechain segment", "start", blocks[0].NumberU64(), "end", blocks[len(blocks)-1].NumberU64())
		return bc.insertChain(blocks, false)
	}
	return 0, nil, nil, nil
}

// reorgs takes two blocks, an old chain and a new chain and will reconstruct the blocks and inserts them
// to be part of the new canonical chain and accumulates potential missing transactions and post an
// event about them
func (bc *BlockChain) reorg(oldBlock, newBlock *types.Block) error {
	var (
		newChain    types.Blocks
		oldChain    types.Blocks
		commonBlock *types.Block

		deletedTxs types.Transactions

		deletedLogs []*types.Log

		// collectLogs collects the logs that were generated during the
		// processing of the block that corresponds with the given hash.
		// These logs are later announced as deleted.
		collectLogs = func(hash common.Hash) {
			number := bc.hc.GetBlockNumber(hash)
			if number == nil {
				return
			}
			// Coalesce logs and set 'Removed'.
			receipts := rawdb.ReadReceipts(bc.db, hash, *number)
			for _, receipt := range receipts {
				for _, log := range receipt.Logs {
					del := *log
					del.Removed = true
					deletedLogs = append(deletedLogs, &del)
				}
			}
		}
	)

	// first reduce whoever is higher bound
	if oldBlock.NumberU64() > newBlock.NumberU64() {
		// reduce old chain
		for ; oldBlock != nil && oldBlock.NumberU64() != newBlock.NumberU64(); oldBlock = bc.GetBlock(oldBlock.ParentHash(), oldBlock.NumberU64()-1) {
			oldChain = append(oldChain, oldBlock)
			deletedTxs = append(deletedTxs, oldBlock.Transactions()...)
			collectLogs(oldBlock.Hash())
		}
	} else {
		// reduce new chain and append new chain blocks for inserting later on
		for ; newBlock != nil && newBlock.NumberU64() != oldBlock.NumberU64(); newBlock = bc.GetBlock(newBlock.ParentHash(), newBlock.NumberU64()-1) {
			newChain = append(newChain, newBlock)
		}
	}
	if oldBlock == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid old chain")
	}
	if newBlock == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Invalid new chain")
	}

	for {
		if oldBlock.Hash() == newBlock.Hash() {
			commonBlock = oldBlock
			break
		}

		oldChain = append(oldChain, oldBlock)
		newChain = append(newChain, newBlock)
		deletedTxs = append(deletedTxs, oldBlock.Transactions()...)
		collectLogs(oldBlock.Hash())

		oldBlock, newBlock = bc.GetBlock(oldBlock.ParentHash(), oldBlock.NumberU64()-1), bc.GetBlock(newBlock.ParentHash(), newBlock.NumberU64()-1)
		if oldBlock == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Invalid old chain")
		}
		if newBlock == nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("Invalid new chain")
		}
	}
	// Ensure the user sees large reorgs
	if len(oldChain) > 0 && len(newChain) > 0 {
		logFn := log.Debug
		if len(oldChain) > 63 {
			logFn = log.Warn
		}
		logFn("Chain split detected", "number", commonBlock.Number(), "hash", commonBlock.Hash(),
			"drop", len(oldChain), "dropfrom", oldChain[0].Hash(), "add", len(newChain), "addfrom", newChain[0].Hash())
	} else {
		bc.logger.Error("Impossible reorg, please file an issue", "oldnum", oldBlock.Number(), "oldhash", oldBlock.Hash(), "newnum", newBlock.Number(), "newhash", newBlock.Hash())
	}
	// Insert the new chain, taking care of the proper incremental order
	var addedTxs types.Transactions
	for i := len(newChain) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		// insert the block in the canonical way, re-writing history
		bc.insert(newChain[i])

		// Write lookup entries for hash based transaction/receipt searches
		rawdb.WriteTxLookupEntries(bc.db, newChain[i])
		addedTxs = append(addedTxs, newChain[i].Transactions()...)
	}
	// When transactions get deleted from the database, the receipts that were
	// created in the fork must also be deleted
	batch := bc.db.NewBatch()
	for _, tx := range types.TxDifference(deletedTxs, addedTxs) {
		rawdb.DeleteTxLookupEntry(batch, tx.Hash())
	}
	batch.Write()

	if len(deletedLogs) > 0 {
		go bc.rmLogsFeed.Send(RemovedLogsEvent{deletedLogs})
	}
	if len(oldChain) > 0 {
		go func() {
			for _, block := range oldChain {
				bc.chainSideFeed.Send(ChainSideEvent{Block: block})
			}
		}()
	}

	return nil
}

// PostChainEvents iterates over the events generated by a chain insertion and
// posts them into the event feed.
// TODO: Should not expose PostChainEvents. The chain events should be posted in WriteBlock.
func (bc *BlockChain) PostChainEvents(events []interface{}, logs []*types.Log) {
	// post event logs for further processing
	if logs != nil {
		bc.logsFeed.Send(logs)
	}
	for _, event := range events {
		switch ev := event.(type) {
		case ChainEvent:
			bc.chainFeed.Send(ev)

		case ChainHeadEvent:
			bc.chainHeadFeed.Send(ev)

		case ChainSideEvent:
			bc.chainSideFeed.Send(ev)

		case CreateChildChainEvent:
			bc.createChildChainFeed.Send(ev)

		case StartMiningEvent:
			bc.startMiningFeed.Send(ev)

		case StopMiningEvent:
			bc.stopMiningFeed.Send(ev)
		}
	}
}

func (bc *BlockChain) update() {
	futureTimer := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
	defer futureTimer.Stop()
	for {
		select {
		case <-futureTimer.C:
			bc.procFutureBlocks()
		case <-bc.quit:
			return
		}
	}
}

// BadBlockArgs represents the entries in the list returned when bad blocks are queried.
type BadBlockArgs struct {
	Hash   common.Hash   `json:"hash"`
	Header *types.Header `json:"header"`
}

// BadBlocks returns a list of the last 'bad blocks' that the client has seen on the network
func (bc *BlockChain) BadBlocks() ([]BadBlockArgs, error) {
	headers := make([]BadBlockArgs, 0, bc.badBlocks.Len())
	for _, hash := range bc.badBlocks.Keys() {
		if hdr, exist := bc.badBlocks.Peek(hash); exist {
			header := hdr.(*types.Header)
			headers = append(headers, BadBlockArgs{header.Hash(), header})
		}
	}
	return headers, nil
}

// HasBadBlock returns whether the block with the hash is a bad block
func (bc *BlockChain) HasBadBlock(hash common.Hash) bool {
	return bc.badBlocks.Contains(hash)
}

// addBadBlock adds a bad block to the bad-block LRU cache
func (bc *BlockChain) addBadBlock(block *types.Block) {
	bc.badBlocks.Add(block.Header().Hash(), block.Header())
}

// reportBlock logs a bad block error.
func (bc *BlockChain) reportBlock(block *types.Block, receipts types.Receipts, err error) {
	bc.addBadBlock(block)

	var receiptString string
	for _, receipt := range receipts {
		receiptString += fmt.Sprintf("\t%v\n", receipt)
	}
	bc.logger.Error(fmt.Sprintf(`
########## BAD BLOCK #########
Chain config: %v

Number: %v
Hash: 0x%x
%v

Error: %v
##############################
`, bc.chainConfig, block.Number(), block.Hash(), receiptString, err))
}

// InsertHeaderChain attempts to insert the given header chain in to the local
// chain, possibly creating a reorg. If an error is returned, it will return the
// index number of the failing header as well an error describing what went wrong.
//
// The verify parameter can be used to fine tune whether nonce verification
// should be done or not. The reason behind the optional check is because some
// of the header retrieval mechanisms already need to verify nonces, as well as
// because nonces can be verified sparsely, not needing to check each.
func (bc *BlockChain) InsertHeaderChain(chain []*types.Header, checkFreq int) (int, error) {
	start := time.Now()
	if i, err := bc.hc.ValidateHeaderChain(chain, checkFreq); err != nil {
		return i, err
	}

	// Make sure only one thread manipulates the chain at once
	bc.chainmu.Lock()
	defer bc.chainmu.Unlock()

	bc.wg.Add(1)
	defer bc.wg.Done()

	whFunc := func(header *types.Header) error {
		_, err := bc.hc.WriteHeader(header)
		return err
	}

	return bc.hc.InsertHeaderChain(chain, whFunc, start)
}

// CurrentHeader retrieves the current head header of the canonical chain. The
// header is retrieved from the HeaderChain's internal cache.
func (bc *BlockChain) CurrentHeader() *types.Header {
	return bc.hc.CurrentHeader()
}

// GetTd retrieves a block's total difficulty in the canonical chain from the
// database by hash and number, caching it if found.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetTd(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *big.Int {
	return bc.hc.GetTd(hash, number)
}

// GetTdByHash retrieves a block's total difficulty in the canonical chain from the
// database by hash, caching it if found.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetTdByHash(hash common.Hash) *big.Int {
	return bc.hc.GetTdByHash(hash)
}

// GetHeader retrieves a block header from the database by hash and number,
// caching it if found.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeader(hash common.Hash, number uint64) *types.Header {
	return bc.hc.GetHeader(hash, number)
}

// GetHeaderByHash retrieves a block header from the database by hash, caching it if
// found.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeaderByHash(hash common.Hash) *types.Header {
	return bc.hc.GetHeaderByHash(hash)
}

// HasHeader checks if a block header is present in the database or not, caching
// it if present.
func (bc *BlockChain) HasHeader(hash common.Hash, number uint64) bool {
	return bc.hc.HasHeader(hash, number)
}

// GetBlockHashesFromHash retrieves a number of block hashes starting at a given
// hash, fetching towards the genesis block.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetBlockHashesFromHash(hash common.Hash, max uint64) []common.Hash {
	return bc.hc.GetBlockHashesFromHash(hash, max)
}

// GetHeaderByNumber retrieves a block header from the database by number,
// caching it (associated with its hash) if found.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetHeaderByNumber(number uint64) *types.Header {
	return bc.hc.GetHeaderByNumber(number)
}

// Config retrieves the blockchain's chain configuration.
func (bc *BlockChain) Config() *params.ChainConfig { return bc.chainConfig }

// Engine retrieves the blockchain's consensus engine.
func (bc *BlockChain) Engine() consensus.Engine { return bc.engine }

//GetCrossChainHelper retrieves the blockchain's cross chain helper.
func (bc *BlockChain) GetCrossChainHelper() CrossChainHelper { return bc.cch }

// SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent registers a subscription of RemovedLogsEvent.
func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent(ch chan<- RemovedLogsEvent) event.Subscription {
	return bc.scope.Track(bc.rmLogsFeed.Subscribe(ch))
}

// SubscribeChainEvent registers a subscription of ChainEvent.
func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeChainEvent(ch chan<- ChainEvent) event.Subscription {
	return bc.scope.Track(bc.chainFeed.Subscribe(ch))
}

// SubscribeChainHeadEvent registers a subscription of ChainHeadEvent.
func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeChainHeadEvent(ch chan<- ChainHeadEvent) event.Subscription {
	return bc.scope.Track(bc.chainHeadFeed.Subscribe(ch))
}

// SubscribeChainSideEvent registers a subscription of ChainSideEvent.
func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeChainSideEvent(ch chan<- ChainSideEvent) event.Subscription {
	return bc.scope.Track(bc.chainSideFeed.Subscribe(ch))
}

// SubscribeLogsEvent registers a subscription of []*types.Log.
func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeLogsEvent(ch chan<- []*types.Log) event.Subscription {
	return bc.scope.Track(bc.logsFeed.Subscribe(ch))
}

// SubscribeCreateChildChainEvent registers a subscription of CreateChildChainEvent.
func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeCreateChildChainEvent(ch chan<- CreateChildChainEvent) event.Subscription {
	return bc.scope.Track(bc.createChildChainFeed.Subscribe(ch))
}

// SubscribeStartMiningEvent registers a subscription of StartMiningEvent.
func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeStartMiningEvent(ch chan<- StartMiningEvent) event.Subscription {
	return bc.scope.Track(bc.startMiningFeed.Subscribe(ch))
}

// SubscribeStopMiningEvent registers a subscription of StopMiningEvent.
func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeStopMiningEvent(ch chan<- StopMiningEvent) event.Subscription {
	return bc.scope.Track(bc.stopMiningFeed.Subscribe(ch))
}