github.com/kdevb0x/go@v0.0.0-20180115030120-39687051e9e7/src/go/types/stmt.go (about)

     1  // Copyright 2012 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
     2  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     3  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     4  
     5  // This file implements typechecking of statements.
     6  
     7  package types
     8  
     9  import (
    10  	"fmt"
    11  	"go/ast"
    12  	"go/constant"
    13  	"go/token"
    14  	"sort"
    15  )
    16  
    17  func (check *Checker) funcBody(decl *declInfo, name string, sig *Signature, body *ast.BlockStmt) {
    18  	if trace {
    19  		if name == "" {
    20  			name = "<function literal>"
    21  		}
    22  		fmt.Printf("--- %s: %s {\n", name, sig)
    23  		defer fmt.Println("--- <end>")
    24  	}
    25  
    26  	// set function scope extent
    27  	sig.scope.pos = body.Pos()
    28  	sig.scope.end = body.End()
    29  
    30  	// save/restore current context and setup function context
    31  	// (and use 0 indentation at function start)
    32  	defer func(ctxt context, indent int) {
    33  		check.context = ctxt
    34  		check.indent = indent
    35  	}(check.context, check.indent)
    36  	check.context = context{
    37  		decl:  decl,
    38  		scope: sig.scope,
    39  		sig:   sig,
    40  	}
    41  	check.indent = 0
    42  
    43  	check.stmtList(0, body.List)
    44  
    45  	if check.hasLabel {
    46  		check.labels(body)
    47  	}
    48  
    49  	if sig.results.Len() > 0 && !check.isTerminating(body, "") {
    50  		check.error(body.Rbrace, "missing return")
    51  	}
    52  
    53  	// spec: "Implementation restriction: A compiler may make it illegal to
    54  	// declare a variable inside a function body if the variable is never used."
    55  	// (One could check each scope after use, but that distributes this check
    56  	// over several places because CloseScope is not always called explicitly.)
    57  	check.usage(sig.scope)
    58  }
    59  
    60  func (check *Checker) usage(scope *Scope) {
    61  	var unused []*Var
    62  	for _, elem := range scope.elems {
    63  		if v, _ := elem.(*Var); v != nil && !v.used {
    64  			unused = append(unused, v)
    65  		}
    66  	}
    67  	sort.Slice(unused, func(i, j int) bool {
    68  		return unused[i].pos < unused[j].pos
    69  	})
    70  	for _, v := range unused {
    71  		check.softErrorf(v.pos, "%s declared but not used", v.name)
    72  	}
    73  
    74  	for _, scope := range scope.children {
    75  		// Don't go inside closure scopes a second time;
    76  		// they are handled explicitly by funcBody.
    77  		if !scope.isFunc {
    78  			check.usage(scope)
    79  		}
    80  	}
    81  }
    82  
    83  // stmtContext is a bitset describing which
    84  // control-flow statements are permissible,
    85  // and provides additional context information
    86  // for better error messages.
    87  type stmtContext uint
    88  
    89  const (
    90  	// permissible control-flow statements
    91  	breakOk stmtContext = 1 << iota
    92  	continueOk
    93  	fallthroughOk
    94  
    95  	// additional context information
    96  	finalSwitchCase
    97  )
    98  
    99  func (check *Checker) simpleStmt(s ast.Stmt) {
   100  	if s != nil {
   101  		check.stmt(0, s)
   102  	}
   103  }
   104  
   105  func trimTrailingEmptyStmts(list []ast.Stmt) []ast.Stmt {
   106  	for i := len(list); i > 0; i-- {
   107  		if _, ok := list[i-1].(*ast.EmptyStmt); !ok {
   108  			return list[:i]
   109  		}
   110  	}
   111  	return nil
   112  }
   113  
   114  func (check *Checker) stmtList(ctxt stmtContext, list []ast.Stmt) {
   115  	ok := ctxt&fallthroughOk != 0
   116  	inner := ctxt &^ fallthroughOk
   117  	list = trimTrailingEmptyStmts(list) // trailing empty statements are "invisible" to fallthrough analysis
   118  	for i, s := range list {
   119  		inner := inner
   120  		if ok && i+1 == len(list) {
   121  			inner |= fallthroughOk
   122  		}
   123  		check.stmt(inner, s)
   124  	}
   125  }
   126  
   127  func (check *Checker) multipleDefaults(list []ast.Stmt) {
   128  	var first ast.Stmt
   129  	for _, s := range list {
   130  		var d ast.Stmt
   131  		switch c := s.(type) {
   132  		case *ast.CaseClause:
   133  			if len(c.List) == 0 {
   134  				d = s
   135  			}
   136  		case *ast.CommClause:
   137  			if c.Comm == nil {
   138  				d = s
   139  			}
   140  		default:
   141  			check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "case/communication clause expected")
   142  		}
   143  		if d != nil {
   144  			if first != nil {
   145  				check.errorf(d.Pos(), "multiple defaults (first at %s)", check.fset.Position(first.Pos()))
   146  			} else {
   147  				first = d
   148  			}
   149  		}
   150  	}
   151  }
   152  
   153  func (check *Checker) openScope(s ast.Stmt, comment string) {
   154  	scope := NewScope(check.scope, s.Pos(), s.End(), comment)
   155  	check.recordScope(s, scope)
   156  	check.scope = scope
   157  }
   158  
   159  func (check *Checker) closeScope() {
   160  	check.scope = check.scope.Parent()
   161  }
   162  
   163  func assignOp(op token.Token) token.Token {
   164  	// token_test.go verifies the token ordering this function relies on
   165  	if token.ADD_ASSIGN <= op && op <= token.AND_NOT_ASSIGN {
   166  		return op + (token.ADD - token.ADD_ASSIGN)
   167  	}
   168  	return token.ILLEGAL
   169  }
   170  
   171  func (check *Checker) suspendedCall(keyword string, call *ast.CallExpr) {
   172  	var x operand
   173  	var msg string
   174  	switch check.rawExpr(&x, call, nil) {
   175  	case conversion:
   176  		msg = "requires function call, not conversion"
   177  	case expression:
   178  		msg = "discards result of"
   179  	case statement:
   180  		return
   181  	default:
   182  		unreachable()
   183  	}
   184  	check.errorf(x.pos(), "%s %s %s", keyword, msg, &x)
   185  }
   186  
   187  // goVal returns the Go value for val, or nil.
   188  func goVal(val constant.Value) interface{} {
   189  	// val should exist, but be conservative and check
   190  	if val == nil {
   191  		return nil
   192  	}
   193  	// Match implementation restriction of other compilers.
   194  	// gc only checks duplicates for integer, floating-point
   195  	// and string values, so only create Go values for these
   196  	// types.
   197  	switch val.Kind() {
   198  	case constant.Int:
   199  		if x, ok := constant.Int64Val(val); ok {
   200  			return x
   201  		}
   202  		if x, ok := constant.Uint64Val(val); ok {
   203  			return x
   204  		}
   205  	case constant.Float:
   206  		if x, ok := constant.Float64Val(val); ok {
   207  			return x
   208  		}
   209  	case constant.String:
   210  		return constant.StringVal(val)
   211  	}
   212  	return nil
   213  }
   214  
   215  // A valueMap maps a case value (of a basic Go type) to a list of positions
   216  // where the same case value appeared, together with the corresponding case
   217  // types.
   218  // Since two case values may have the same "underlying" value but different
   219  // types we need to also check the value's types (e.g., byte(1) vs myByte(1))
   220  // when the switch expression is of interface type.
   221  type (
   222  	valueMap  map[interface{}][]valueType // underlying Go value -> valueType
   223  	valueType struct {
   224  		pos token.Pos
   225  		typ Type
   226  	}
   227  )
   228  
   229  func (check *Checker) caseValues(x *operand, values []ast.Expr, seen valueMap) {
   230  L:
   231  	for _, e := range values {
   232  		var v operand
   233  		check.expr(&v, e)
   234  		if x.mode == invalid || v.mode == invalid {
   235  			continue L
   236  		}
   237  		check.convertUntyped(&v, x.typ)
   238  		if v.mode == invalid {
   239  			continue L
   240  		}
   241  		// Order matters: By comparing v against x, error positions are at the case values.
   242  		res := v // keep original v unchanged
   243  		check.comparison(&res, x, token.EQL)
   244  		if res.mode == invalid {
   245  			continue L
   246  		}
   247  		if v.mode != constant_ {
   248  			continue L // we're done
   249  		}
   250  		// look for duplicate values
   251  		if val := goVal(v.val); val != nil {
   252  			// look for duplicate types for a given value
   253  			// (quadratic algorithm, but these lists tend to be very short)
   254  			for _, vt := range seen[val] {
   255  				if Identical(v.typ, vt.typ) {
   256  					check.errorf(v.pos(), "duplicate case %s in expression switch", &v)
   257  					check.error(vt.pos, "\tprevious case") // secondary error, \t indented
   258  					continue L
   259  				}
   260  			}
   261  			seen[val] = append(seen[val], valueType{v.pos(), v.typ})
   262  		}
   263  	}
   264  }
   265  
   266  func (check *Checker) caseTypes(x *operand, xtyp *Interface, types []ast.Expr, seen map[Type]token.Pos) (T Type) {
   267  L:
   268  	for _, e := range types {
   269  		T = check.typOrNil(e)
   270  		if T == Typ[Invalid] {
   271  			continue L
   272  		}
   273  		// look for duplicate types
   274  		// (quadratic algorithm, but type switches tend to be reasonably small)
   275  		for t, pos := range seen {
   276  			if T == nil && t == nil || T != nil && t != nil && Identical(T, t) {
   277  				// talk about "case" rather than "type" because of nil case
   278  				Ts := "nil"
   279  				if T != nil {
   280  					Ts = T.String()
   281  				}
   282  				check.errorf(e.Pos(), "duplicate case %s in type switch", Ts)
   283  				check.error(pos, "\tprevious case") // secondary error, \t indented
   284  				continue L
   285  			}
   286  		}
   287  		seen[T] = e.Pos()
   288  		if T != nil {
   289  			check.typeAssertion(e.Pos(), x, xtyp, T)
   290  		}
   291  	}
   292  	return
   293  }
   294  
   295  // stmt typechecks statement s.
   296  func (check *Checker) stmt(ctxt stmtContext, s ast.Stmt) {
   297  	// statements cannot use iota in general
   298  	// (constant declarations set it explicitly)
   299  	assert(check.iota == nil)
   300  
   301  	// statements must end with the same top scope as they started with
   302  	if debug {
   303  		defer func(scope *Scope) {
   304  			// don't check if code is panicking
   305  			if p := recover(); p != nil {
   306  				panic(p)
   307  			}
   308  			assert(scope == check.scope)
   309  		}(check.scope)
   310  	}
   311  
   312  	inner := ctxt &^ (fallthroughOk | finalSwitchCase)
   313  	switch s := s.(type) {
   314  	case *ast.BadStmt, *ast.EmptyStmt:
   315  		// ignore
   316  
   317  	case *ast.DeclStmt:
   318  		check.declStmt(s.Decl)
   319  
   320  	case *ast.LabeledStmt:
   321  		check.hasLabel = true
   322  		check.stmt(ctxt, s.Stmt)
   323  
   324  	case *ast.ExprStmt:
   325  		// spec: "With the exception of specific built-in functions,
   326  		// function and method calls and receive operations can appear
   327  		// in statement context. Such statements may be parenthesized."
   328  		var x operand
   329  		kind := check.rawExpr(&x, s.X, nil)
   330  		var msg string
   331  		switch x.mode {
   332  		default:
   333  			if kind == statement {
   334  				return
   335  			}
   336  			msg = "is not used"
   337  		case builtin:
   338  			msg = "must be called"
   339  		case typexpr:
   340  			msg = "is not an expression"
   341  		}
   342  		check.errorf(x.pos(), "%s %s", &x, msg)
   343  
   344  	case *ast.SendStmt:
   345  		var ch, x operand
   346  		check.expr(&ch, s.Chan)
   347  		check.expr(&x, s.Value)
   348  		if ch.mode == invalid || x.mode == invalid {
   349  			return
   350  		}
   351  
   352  		tch, ok := ch.typ.Underlying().(*Chan)
   353  		if !ok {
   354  			check.invalidOp(s.Arrow, "cannot send to non-chan type %s", ch.typ)
   355  			return
   356  		}
   357  
   358  		if tch.dir == RecvOnly {
   359  			check.invalidOp(s.Arrow, "cannot send to receive-only type %s", tch)
   360  			return
   361  		}
   362  
   363  		check.assignment(&x, tch.elem, "send")
   364  
   365  	case *ast.IncDecStmt:
   366  		var op token.Token
   367  		switch s.Tok {
   368  		case token.INC:
   369  			op = token.ADD
   370  		case token.DEC:
   371  			op = token.SUB
   372  		default:
   373  			check.invalidAST(s.TokPos, "unknown inc/dec operation %s", s.Tok)
   374  			return
   375  		}
   376  
   377  		var x operand
   378  		check.expr(&x, s.X)
   379  		if x.mode == invalid {
   380  			return
   381  		}
   382  		if !isNumeric(x.typ) {
   383  			check.invalidOp(s.X.Pos(), "%s%s (non-numeric type %s)", s.X, s.Tok, x.typ)
   384  			return
   385  		}
   386  
   387  		Y := &ast.BasicLit{ValuePos: s.X.Pos(), Kind: token.INT, Value: "1"} // use x's position
   388  		check.binary(&x, nil, s.X, Y, op)
   389  		if x.mode == invalid {
   390  			return
   391  		}
   392  		check.assignVar(s.X, &x)
   393  
   394  	case *ast.AssignStmt:
   395  		switch s.Tok {
   396  		case token.ASSIGN, token.DEFINE:
   397  			if len(s.Lhs) == 0 {
   398  				check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "missing lhs in assignment")
   399  				return
   400  			}
   401  			if s.Tok == token.DEFINE {
   402  				check.shortVarDecl(s.TokPos, s.Lhs, s.Rhs)
   403  			} else {
   404  				// regular assignment
   405  				check.assignVars(s.Lhs, s.Rhs)
   406  			}
   407  
   408  		default:
   409  			// assignment operations
   410  			if len(s.Lhs) != 1 || len(s.Rhs) != 1 {
   411  				check.errorf(s.TokPos, "assignment operation %s requires single-valued expressions", s.Tok)
   412  				return
   413  			}
   414  			op := assignOp(s.Tok)
   415  			if op == token.ILLEGAL {
   416  				check.invalidAST(s.TokPos, "unknown assignment operation %s", s.Tok)
   417  				return
   418  			}
   419  			var x operand
   420  			check.binary(&x, nil, s.Lhs[0], s.Rhs[0], op)
   421  			if x.mode == invalid {
   422  				return
   423  			}
   424  			check.assignVar(s.Lhs[0], &x)
   425  		}
   426  
   427  	case *ast.GoStmt:
   428  		check.suspendedCall("go", s.Call)
   429  
   430  	case *ast.DeferStmt:
   431  		check.suspendedCall("defer", s.Call)
   432  
   433  	case *ast.ReturnStmt:
   434  		res := check.sig.results
   435  		if res.Len() > 0 {
   436  			// function returns results
   437  			// (if one, say the first, result parameter is named, all of them are named)
   438  			if len(s.Results) == 0 && res.vars[0].name != "" {
   439  				// spec: "Implementation restriction: A compiler may disallow an empty expression
   440  				// list in a "return" statement if a different entity (constant, type, or variable)
   441  				// with the same name as a result parameter is in scope at the place of the return."
   442  				for _, obj := range res.vars {
   443  					if _, alt := check.scope.LookupParent(obj.name, check.pos); alt != nil && alt != obj {
   444  						check.errorf(s.Pos(), "result parameter %s not in scope at return", obj.name)
   445  						check.errorf(alt.Pos(), "\tinner declaration of %s", obj)
   446  						// ok to continue
   447  					}
   448  				}
   449  			} else {
   450  				// return has results or result parameters are unnamed
   451  				check.initVars(res.vars, s.Results, s.Return)
   452  			}
   453  		} else if len(s.Results) > 0 {
   454  			check.error(s.Results[0].Pos(), "no result values expected")
   455  			check.use(s.Results...)
   456  		}
   457  
   458  	case *ast.BranchStmt:
   459  		if s.Label != nil {
   460  			check.hasLabel = true
   461  			return // checked in 2nd pass (check.labels)
   462  		}
   463  		switch s.Tok {
   464  		case token.BREAK:
   465  			if ctxt&breakOk == 0 {
   466  				check.error(s.Pos(), "break not in for, switch, or select statement")
   467  			}
   468  		case token.CONTINUE:
   469  			if ctxt&continueOk == 0 {
   470  				check.error(s.Pos(), "continue not in for statement")
   471  			}
   472  		case token.FALLTHROUGH:
   473  			if ctxt&fallthroughOk == 0 {
   474  				msg := "fallthrough statement out of place"
   475  				if ctxt&finalSwitchCase != 0 {
   476  					msg = "cannot fallthrough final case in switch"
   477  				}
   478  				check.error(s.Pos(), msg)
   479  			}
   480  		default:
   481  			check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "branch statement: %s", s.Tok)
   482  		}
   483  
   484  	case *ast.BlockStmt:
   485  		check.openScope(s, "block")
   486  		defer check.closeScope()
   487  
   488  		check.stmtList(inner, s.List)
   489  
   490  	case *ast.IfStmt:
   491  		check.openScope(s, "if")
   492  		defer check.closeScope()
   493  
   494  		check.simpleStmt(s.Init)
   495  		var x operand
   496  		check.expr(&x, s.Cond)
   497  		if x.mode != invalid && !isBoolean(x.typ) {
   498  			check.error(s.Cond.Pos(), "non-boolean condition in if statement")
   499  		}
   500  		check.stmt(inner, s.Body)
   501  		// The parser produces a correct AST but if it was modified
   502  		// elsewhere the else branch may be invalid. Check again.
   503  		switch s.Else.(type) {
   504  		case nil, *ast.BadStmt:
   505  			// valid or error already reported
   506  		case *ast.IfStmt, *ast.BlockStmt:
   507  			check.stmt(inner, s.Else)
   508  		default:
   509  			check.error(s.Else.Pos(), "invalid else branch in if statement")
   510  		}
   511  
   512  	case *ast.SwitchStmt:
   513  		inner |= breakOk
   514  		check.openScope(s, "switch")
   515  		defer check.closeScope()
   516  
   517  		check.simpleStmt(s.Init)
   518  		var x operand
   519  		if s.Tag != nil {
   520  			check.expr(&x, s.Tag)
   521  			// By checking assignment of x to an invisible temporary
   522  			// (as a compiler would), we get all the relevant checks.
   523  			check.assignment(&x, nil, "switch expression")
   524  		} else {
   525  			// spec: "A missing switch expression is
   526  			// equivalent to the boolean value true."
   527  			x.mode = constant_
   528  			x.typ = Typ[Bool]
   529  			x.val = constant.MakeBool(true)
   530  			x.expr = &ast.Ident{NamePos: s.Body.Lbrace, Name: "true"}
   531  		}
   532  
   533  		check.multipleDefaults(s.Body.List)
   534  
   535  		seen := make(valueMap) // map of seen case values to positions and types
   536  		for i, c := range s.Body.List {
   537  			clause, _ := c.(*ast.CaseClause)
   538  			if clause == nil {
   539  				check.invalidAST(c.Pos(), "incorrect expression switch case")
   540  				continue
   541  			}
   542  			check.caseValues(&x, clause.List, seen)
   543  			check.openScope(clause, "case")
   544  			inner := inner
   545  			if i+1 < len(s.Body.List) {
   546  				inner |= fallthroughOk
   547  			} else {
   548  				inner |= finalSwitchCase
   549  			}
   550  			check.stmtList(inner, clause.Body)
   551  			check.closeScope()
   552  		}
   553  
   554  	case *ast.TypeSwitchStmt:
   555  		inner |= breakOk
   556  		check.openScope(s, "type switch")
   557  		defer check.closeScope()
   558  
   559  		check.simpleStmt(s.Init)
   560  
   561  		// A type switch guard must be of the form:
   562  		//
   563  		//     TypeSwitchGuard = [ identifier ":=" ] PrimaryExpr "." "(" "type" ")" .
   564  		//
   565  		// The parser is checking syntactic correctness;
   566  		// remaining syntactic errors are considered AST errors here.
   567  		// TODO(gri) better factoring of error handling (invalid ASTs)
   568  		//
   569  		var lhs *ast.Ident // lhs identifier or nil
   570  		var rhs ast.Expr
   571  		switch guard := s.Assign.(type) {
   572  		case *ast.ExprStmt:
   573  			rhs = guard.X
   574  		case *ast.AssignStmt:
   575  			if len(guard.Lhs) != 1 || guard.Tok != token.DEFINE || len(guard.Rhs) != 1 {
   576  				check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "incorrect form of type switch guard")
   577  				return
   578  			}
   579  
   580  			lhs, _ = guard.Lhs[0].(*ast.Ident)
   581  			if lhs == nil {
   582  				check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "incorrect form of type switch guard")
   583  				return
   584  			}
   585  
   586  			if lhs.Name == "_" {
   587  				// _ := x.(type) is an invalid short variable declaration
   588  				check.softErrorf(lhs.Pos(), "no new variable on left side of :=")
   589  				lhs = nil // avoid declared but not used error below
   590  			} else {
   591  				check.recordDef(lhs, nil) // lhs variable is implicitly declared in each cause clause
   592  			}
   593  
   594  			rhs = guard.Rhs[0]
   595  
   596  		default:
   597  			check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "incorrect form of type switch guard")
   598  			return
   599  		}
   600  
   601  		// rhs must be of the form: expr.(type) and expr must be an interface
   602  		expr, _ := rhs.(*ast.TypeAssertExpr)
   603  		if expr == nil || expr.Type != nil {
   604  			check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "incorrect form of type switch guard")
   605  			return
   606  		}
   607  		var x operand
   608  		check.expr(&x, expr.X)
   609  		if x.mode == invalid {
   610  			return
   611  		}
   612  		xtyp, _ := x.typ.Underlying().(*Interface)
   613  		if xtyp == nil {
   614  			check.errorf(x.pos(), "%s is not an interface", &x)
   615  			return
   616  		}
   617  
   618  		check.multipleDefaults(s.Body.List)
   619  
   620  		var lhsVars []*Var               // list of implicitly declared lhs variables
   621  		seen := make(map[Type]token.Pos) // map of seen types to positions
   622  		for _, s := range s.Body.List {
   623  			clause, _ := s.(*ast.CaseClause)
   624  			if clause == nil {
   625  				check.invalidAST(s.Pos(), "incorrect type switch case")
   626  				continue
   627  			}
   628  			// Check each type in this type switch case.
   629  			T := check.caseTypes(&x, xtyp, clause.List, seen)
   630  			check.openScope(clause, "case")
   631  			// If lhs exists, declare a corresponding variable in the case-local scope.
   632  			if lhs != nil {
   633  				// spec: "The TypeSwitchGuard may include a short variable declaration.
   634  				// When that form is used, the variable is declared at the beginning of
   635  				// the implicit block in each clause. In clauses with a case listing
   636  				// exactly one type, the variable has that type; otherwise, the variable
   637  				// has the type of the expression in the TypeSwitchGuard."
   638  				if len(clause.List) != 1 || T == nil {
   639  					T = x.typ
   640  				}
   641  				obj := NewVar(lhs.Pos(), check.pkg, lhs.Name, T)
   642  				scopePos := clause.Pos() + token.Pos(len("default")) // for default clause (len(List) == 0)
   643  				if n := len(clause.List); n > 0 {
   644  					scopePos = clause.List[n-1].End()
   645  				}
   646  				check.declare(check.scope, nil, obj, scopePos)
   647  				check.recordImplicit(clause, obj)
   648  				// For the "declared but not used" error, all lhs variables act as
   649  				// one; i.e., if any one of them is 'used', all of them are 'used'.
   650  				// Collect them for later analysis.
   651  				lhsVars = append(lhsVars, obj)
   652  			}
   653  			check.stmtList(inner, clause.Body)
   654  			check.closeScope()
   655  		}
   656  
   657  		// If lhs exists, we must have at least one lhs variable that was used.
   658  		if lhs != nil {
   659  			var used bool
   660  			for _, v := range lhsVars {
   661  				if v.used {
   662  					used = true
   663  				}
   664  				v.used = true // avoid usage error when checking entire function
   665  			}
   666  			if !used {
   667  				check.softErrorf(lhs.Pos(), "%s declared but not used", lhs.Name)
   668  			}
   669  		}
   670  
   671  	case *ast.SelectStmt:
   672  		inner |= breakOk
   673  
   674  		check.multipleDefaults(s.Body.List)
   675  
   676  		for _, s := range s.Body.List {
   677  			clause, _ := s.(*ast.CommClause)
   678  			if clause == nil {
   679  				continue // error reported before
   680  			}
   681  
   682  			// clause.Comm must be a SendStmt, RecvStmt, or default case
   683  			valid := false
   684  			var rhs ast.Expr // rhs of RecvStmt, or nil
   685  			switch s := clause.Comm.(type) {
   686  			case nil, *ast.SendStmt:
   687  				valid = true
   688  			case *ast.AssignStmt:
   689  				if len(s.Rhs) == 1 {
   690  					rhs = s.Rhs[0]
   691  				}
   692  			case *ast.ExprStmt:
   693  				rhs = s.X
   694  			}
   695  
   696  			// if present, rhs must be a receive operation
   697  			if rhs != nil {
   698  				if x, _ := unparen(rhs).(*ast.UnaryExpr); x != nil && x.Op == token.ARROW {
   699  					valid = true
   700  				}
   701  			}
   702  
   703  			if !valid {
   704  				check.error(clause.Comm.Pos(), "select case must be send or receive (possibly with assignment)")
   705  				continue
   706  			}
   707  
   708  			check.openScope(s, "case")
   709  			if clause.Comm != nil {
   710  				check.stmt(inner, clause.Comm)
   711  			}
   712  			check.stmtList(inner, clause.Body)
   713  			check.closeScope()
   714  		}
   715  
   716  	case *ast.ForStmt:
   717  		inner |= breakOk | continueOk
   718  		check.openScope(s, "for")
   719  		defer check.closeScope()
   720  
   721  		check.simpleStmt(s.Init)
   722  		if s.Cond != nil {
   723  			var x operand
   724  			check.expr(&x, s.Cond)
   725  			if x.mode != invalid && !isBoolean(x.typ) {
   726  				check.error(s.Cond.Pos(), "non-boolean condition in for statement")
   727  			}
   728  		}
   729  		check.simpleStmt(s.Post)
   730  		// spec: "The init statement may be a short variable
   731  		// declaration, but the post statement must not."
   732  		if s, _ := s.Post.(*ast.AssignStmt); s != nil && s.Tok == token.DEFINE {
   733  			check.softErrorf(s.Pos(), "cannot declare in post statement")
   734  			check.use(s.Lhs...) // avoid follow-up errors
   735  		}
   736  		check.stmt(inner, s.Body)
   737  
   738  	case *ast.RangeStmt:
   739  		inner |= breakOk | continueOk
   740  		check.openScope(s, "for")
   741  		defer check.closeScope()
   742  
   743  		// check expression to iterate over
   744  		var x operand
   745  		check.expr(&x, s.X)
   746  
   747  		// determine key/value types
   748  		var key, val Type
   749  		if x.mode != invalid {
   750  			switch typ := x.typ.Underlying().(type) {
   751  			case *Basic:
   752  				if isString(typ) {
   753  					key = Typ[Int]
   754  					val = universeRune // use 'rune' name
   755  				}
   756  			case *Array:
   757  				key = Typ[Int]
   758  				val = typ.elem
   759  			case *Slice:
   760  				key = Typ[Int]
   761  				val = typ.elem
   762  			case *Pointer:
   763  				if typ, _ := typ.base.Underlying().(*Array); typ != nil {
   764  					key = Typ[Int]
   765  					val = typ.elem
   766  				}
   767  			case *Map:
   768  				key = typ.key
   769  				val = typ.elem
   770  			case *Chan:
   771  				key = typ.elem
   772  				val = Typ[Invalid]
   773  				if typ.dir == SendOnly {
   774  					check.errorf(x.pos(), "cannot range over send-only channel %s", &x)
   775  					// ok to continue
   776  				}
   777  				if s.Value != nil {
   778  					check.errorf(s.Value.Pos(), "iteration over %s permits only one iteration variable", &x)
   779  					// ok to continue
   780  				}
   781  			}
   782  		}
   783  
   784  		if key == nil {
   785  			check.errorf(x.pos(), "cannot range over %s", &x)
   786  			// ok to continue
   787  		}
   788  
   789  		// check assignment to/declaration of iteration variables
   790  		// (irregular assignment, cannot easily map to existing assignment checks)
   791  
   792  		// lhs expressions and initialization value (rhs) types
   793  		lhs := [2]ast.Expr{s.Key, s.Value}
   794  		rhs := [2]Type{key, val} // key, val may be nil
   795  
   796  		if s.Tok == token.DEFINE {
   797  			// short variable declaration; variable scope starts after the range clause
   798  			// (the for loop opens a new scope, so variables on the lhs never redeclare
   799  			// previously declared variables)
   800  			var vars []*Var
   801  			for i, lhs := range lhs {
   802  				if lhs == nil {
   803  					continue
   804  				}
   805  
   806  				// determine lhs variable
   807  				var obj *Var
   808  				if ident, _ := lhs.(*ast.Ident); ident != nil {
   809  					// declare new variable
   810  					name := ident.Name
   811  					obj = NewVar(ident.Pos(), check.pkg, name, nil)
   812  					check.recordDef(ident, obj)
   813  					// _ variables don't count as new variables
   814  					if name != "_" {
   815  						vars = append(vars, obj)
   816  					}
   817  				} else {
   818  					check.errorf(lhs.Pos(), "cannot declare %s", lhs)
   819  					obj = NewVar(lhs.Pos(), check.pkg, "_", nil) // dummy variable
   820  				}
   821  
   822  				// initialize lhs variable
   823  				if typ := rhs[i]; typ != nil {
   824  					x.mode = value
   825  					x.expr = lhs // we don't have a better rhs expression to use here
   826  					x.typ = typ
   827  					check.initVar(obj, &x, "range clause")
   828  				} else {
   829  					obj.typ = Typ[Invalid]
   830  					obj.used = true // don't complain about unused variable
   831  				}
   832  			}
   833  
   834  			// declare variables
   835  			if len(vars) > 0 {
   836  				scopePos := s.X.End()
   837  				for _, obj := range vars {
   838  					// spec: "The scope of a constant or variable identifier declared inside
   839  					// a function begins at the end of the ConstSpec or VarSpec (ShortVarDecl
   840  					// for short variable declarations) and ends at the end of the innermost
   841  					// containing block."
   842  					check.declare(check.scope, nil /* recordDef already called */, obj, scopePos)
   843  				}
   844  			} else {
   845  				check.error(s.TokPos, "no new variables on left side of :=")
   846  			}
   847  		} else {
   848  			// ordinary assignment
   849  			for i, lhs := range lhs {
   850  				if lhs == nil {
   851  					continue
   852  				}
   853  				if typ := rhs[i]; typ != nil {
   854  					x.mode = value
   855  					x.expr = lhs // we don't have a better rhs expression to use here
   856  					x.typ = typ
   857  					check.assignVar(lhs, &x)
   858  				}
   859  			}
   860  		}
   861  
   862  		check.stmt(inner, s.Body)
   863  
   864  	default:
   865  		check.error(s.Pos(), "invalid statement")
   866  	}
   867  }