github.com/klaytn/klaytn@v1.12.1/blockchain/vm/gas_table.go

// Modifications Copyright 2018 The klaytn Authors
// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//
// This file is derived from core/vm/gas_table.go (2018/06/04).
// Modified and improved for the klaytn development.

package vm

import (
	"errors"

	"github.com/klaytn/klaytn/common"
	"github.com/klaytn/klaytn/common/math"
	"github.com/klaytn/klaytn/params"
)

// memoryGasCost calculates the quadratic gas for memory expansion. It does so
// only for the memory region that is expanded, not the total memory.
func memoryGasCost(mem *Memory, newMemSize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	if newMemSize == 0 {
		return 0, nil
	}
	// The maximum that will fit in a uint64 is max_word_count - 1. Anything above
	// that will result in an overflow. Additionally, a newMemSize which results in
	// a newMemSizeWords larger than 0xFFFFFFFF will cause the square operation to
	// overflow. The constant 0x1FFFFFFFE0 is the highest number that can be used
	// without overflowing the gas calculation.
	if newMemSize > 0x1FFFFFFFE0 {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	newMemSizeWords := toWordSize(newMemSize)
	newMemSize = newMemSizeWords * 32

	if newMemSize > uint64(mem.Len()) {
		square := newMemSizeWords * newMemSizeWords
		linCoef := newMemSizeWords * params.MemoryGas
		quadCoef := square / params.QuadCoeffDiv
		newTotalFee := linCoef + quadCoef

		fee := newTotalFee - mem.lastGasCost
		mem.lastGasCost = newTotalFee

		return fee, nil
	}
	return 0, nil
}

// memoryCopierGas creates the gas functions for the following opcodes, and takes
// the stack position of the operand which determines the size of the data to copy
// as argument:
// CALLDATACOPY (stack position 2)
// CODECOPY (stack position 2)
// MCOPY (stack position 2)
// EXTCODECOPY (stack poition 3)
// RETURNDATACOPY (stack position 2)
func memoryCopierGas(stackpos int) gasFunc {
	return func(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
		// Gas for expanding the memory
		gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
		if err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
		// And gas for copying data, charged per word at param.CopyGas
		words, overflow := stack.Back(stackpos).Uint64WithOverflow()
		if overflow {
			return 0, errGasUintOverflow
		}

		if words, overflow = math.SafeMul(toWordSize(words), params.CopyGas); overflow {
			return 0, errGasUintOverflow
		}

		if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, words); overflow {
			return 0, errGasUintOverflow
		}
		return gas, nil
	}
}

var (
	gasCallDataCopy   = memoryCopierGas(2)
	gasCodeCopy       = memoryCopierGas(2)
	gasMcopy          = memoryCopierGas(2)
	gasExtCodeCopy    = memoryCopierGas(3)
	gasReturnDataCopy = memoryCopierGas(2)
)

func gasSStore(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	var (
		y, x    = stack.Back(1), stack.Back(0)
		current = evm.StateDB.GetState(contract.Address(), common.Hash(x.Bytes32()))
	)
	// This checks for 3 scenario's and calculates gas accordingly
	// 1. From a zero-value address to a non-zero value         (NEW VALUE)
	// 2. From a non-zero value address to a zero-value address (DELETE)
	// 3. From a non-zero to a non-zero                         (CHANGE)
	isOldEmpty := common.EmptyHash(current)
	isNewEmpty := common.EmptyHash(common.Hash(y.Bytes32()))
	if isOldEmpty && !isNewEmpty {
		// 0 => non 0
		return params.SstoreSetGas, nil
	} else if !isOldEmpty && isNewEmpty {
		// non 0 => 0
		evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreRefundGas)
		return params.SstoreClearGas, nil
	} else {
		// non 0 => non 0 (or 0 => 0)
		return params.SstoreResetGas, nil
	}
}

//  0. If *gasleft* is less than or equal to 2300, fail the current call.
//  1. If current value equals new value (this is a no-op), SLOAD_GAS is deducted.
//  2. If current value does not equal new value:
//     2.1. If original value equals current value (this storage slot has not been changed by the current execution context):
//     2.1.1. If original value is 0, SSTORE_SET_GAS (20K) gas is deducted.
//     2.1.2. Otherwise, SSTORE_RESET_GAS gas is deducted. If new value is 0, add SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE to refund counter.
//     2.2. If original value does not equal current value (this storage slot is dirty), SLOAD_GAS gas is deducted. Apply both of the following clauses:
//     2.2.1. If original value is not 0:
//     2.2.1.1. If current value is 0 (also means that new value is not 0), subtract SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE gas from refund counter.
//     2.2.1.2. If new value is 0 (also means that current value is not 0), add SSTORE_CLEARS_SCHEDULE gas to refund counter.
//     2.2.2. If original value equals new value (this storage slot is reset):
//     2.2.2.1. If original value is 0, add SSTORE_SET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS to refund counter.
//     2.2.2.2. Otherwise, add SSTORE_RESET_GAS - SLOAD_GAS gas to refund counter.
func gasSStoreEIP2200(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	// If we fail the minimum gas availability invariant, fail (0)
	if contract.Gas <= params.SstoreSentryGasEIP2200 {
		return 0, errors.New("not enough gas for reentrancy sentry")
	}
	// Gas sentry honoured, do the actual gas calculation based on the stored value
	var (
		y, x    = stack.Back(1), stack.Back(0)
		current = evm.StateDB.GetState(contract.Address(), common.Hash(x.Bytes32()))
	)
	value := common.Hash(y.Bytes32())

	if current == value { // noop (1)
		return params.SloadGasEIP2200, nil
	}
	original := evm.StateDB.GetCommittedState(contract.Address(), common.Hash(x.Bytes32()))
	if original == current {
		if original == (common.Hash{}) { // create slot (2.1.1)
			return params.SstoreSetGasEIP2200, nil
		}
		if value == (common.Hash{}) { // delete slot (2.1.2b)
			evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP2200)
		}
		return params.SstoreResetGasEIP2200, nil // write existing slot (2.1.2)
	}
	if original != (common.Hash{}) {
		if current == (common.Hash{}) { // recreate slot (2.2.1.1)
			evm.StateDB.SubRefund(params.SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP2200)
		} else if value == (common.Hash{}) { // delete slot (2.2.1.2)
			evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreClearsScheduleRefundEIP2200)
		}
	}
	if original == value {
		if original == (common.Hash{}) { // reset to original inexistent slot (2.2.2.1)
			evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreSetGasEIP2200 - params.SloadGasEIP2200)
		} else { // reset to original existing slot (2.2.2.2)
			evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SstoreResetGasEIP2200 - params.SloadGasEIP2200)
		}
	}
	return params.SloadGasEIP2200, nil // dirty update (2.2)
}

func makeGasLog(n uint64) gasFunc {
	return func(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
		requestedSize, overflow := stack.Back(1).Uint64WithOverflow()
		if overflow {
			return 0, errGasUintOverflow
		}

		gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
		if err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}

		if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, params.LogGas); overflow {
			return 0, errGasUintOverflow
		}
		if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, n*params.LogTopicGas); overflow {
			return 0, errGasUintOverflow
		}

		var memorySizeGas uint64
		if memorySizeGas, overflow = math.SafeMul(requestedSize, params.LogDataGas); overflow {
			return 0, errGasUintOverflow
		}
		if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, memorySizeGas); overflow {
			return 0, errGasUintOverflow
		}
		return gas, nil
	}
}

func gasSha3(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	wordGas, overflow := stack.Back(1).Uint64WithOverflow()
	if overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	if wordGas, overflow = math.SafeMul(toWordSize(wordGas), params.Sha3WordGas); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, wordGas); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	return gas, nil
}

// pureMemoryGascost is used by several operations, which aside from their
// static cost have a dynamic cost which is solely based on the memory
// expansion
func pureMemoryGascost(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	return memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
}

var (
	gasReturn  = pureMemoryGascost
	gasRevert  = pureMemoryGascost
	gasMLoad   = pureMemoryGascost
	gasMStore8 = pureMemoryGascost
	gasMStore  = pureMemoryGascost
	gasCreate  = pureMemoryGascost
)

func gasCreate2(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	wordGas, overflow := stack.Back(2).Uint64WithOverflow()
	if overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	if wordGas, overflow = math.SafeMul(toWordSize(wordGas), params.Sha3WordGas); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, wordGas); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	return gas, nil
}

func gasCreateEip3860(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	size, overflow := stack.Back(2).Uint64WithOverflow()
	if overflow || size > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	// Since size <= params.MaxInitCodeSize, these multiplication cannot overflow
	moreGas := params.InitCodeWordGas * ((size + 31) / 32)
	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, moreGas); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	return gas, nil
}

func gasCreate2Eip3860(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	size, overflow := stack.Back(2).Uint64WithOverflow()
	if overflow || size > params.MaxInitCodeSize {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	// Since size <= params.MaxInitCodeSize, these multiplication cannot overflow
	moreGas := (params.InitCodeWordGas + params.Sha3WordGas) * ((size + 31) / 32)
	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, moreGas); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	return gas, nil
}

// Geth Code contains gasExpFrontier and gasExpEip158 both
// Since eip158 is default in klaytn, both functions are integrated into gasExp functions.
func gasExp(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	expByteLen := uint64((stack.data[stack.len()-2].BitLen() + 7) / 8)

	var (
		gas      = expByteLen * params.ExpByte // no overflow check required. Max is 256 * ExpByte gas
		overflow bool
	)
	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, params.ExpGas); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	return gas, nil
}

func gasCall(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	var (
		gas            uint64
		transfersValue = stack.Back(2).Sign() != 0
		address        = common.Address(stack.Back(1).Bytes20())
	)
	if transfersValue {
		if evm.StateDB.Empty(address) {
			gas += params.CallNewAccountGas
		}
		gas += params.CallValueTransferGas
	}
	memoryGas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	var overflow bool
	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, memoryGas); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}

	evm.callGasTemp, err = callGas(contract.Gas, gas, stack.Back(0))
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.callGasTemp); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	return gas, nil
}

func gasCallCode(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	memoryGas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	var (
		gas      uint64
		overflow bool
	)
	if stack.Back(2).Sign() != 0 {
		gas += params.CallValueTransferGas
	}
	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, memoryGas); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	evm.callGasTemp, err = callGas(contract.Gas, gas, stack.Back(0))
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.callGasTemp); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	return gas, nil
}

func gasDelegateCall(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	evm.callGasTemp, err = callGas(contract.Gas, gas, stack.Back(0))
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	var overflow bool
	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.callGasTemp); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	return gas, nil
}

func gasStaticCall(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	gas, err := memoryGasCost(mem, memorySize)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	evm.callGasTemp, err = callGas(contract.Gas, gas, stack.Back(0))
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	var overflow bool
	if gas, overflow = math.SafeAdd(gas, evm.callGasTemp); overflow {
		return 0, errGasUintOverflow
	}
	return gas, nil
}

func gasSelfdestruct(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, stack *Stack, mem *Memory, memorySize uint64) (uint64, error) {
	gas := params.SelfdestructGas
	address := common.Address(stack.Back(0).Bytes20())

	// This is from eip158
	// if empty and transfers value
	if evm.StateDB.Empty(address) && evm.StateDB.GetBalance(contract.Address()).Sign() != 0 {
		gas += params.CreateBySelfdestructGas
	}

	if !evm.StateDB.HasSelfDestructed(contract.Address()) {
		evm.StateDB.AddRefund(params.SelfdestructRefundGas)
	}
	return gas, nil
}