github.com/krum110487/go-htaccess@v0.0.0-20240316004156-60641c8e7598/tests/data/apache_2_2_34/manual/glossary.html.en (about) 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> 3 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head> 4 <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type" /> 5 <!-- 6 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 7 This file is generated from xml source: DO NOT EDIT 8 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 9 --> 10 <title>Glossary - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</title> 11 <link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /> 12 <link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /> 13 <link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" /> 14 <script src="./style/scripts/prettify.min.js" type="text/javascript"> 15 </script> 16 17 <link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /><link href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/glossary.html" rel="canonical" /></head> 18 <body id="manual-page" class="no-sidebar"><div id="page-header"> 19 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p> 20 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p> 21 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div> 22 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div> 23 <div id="path"> 24 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.2</a></div><div id="page-content"><div class="retired"><h4>Please note</h4> 25 <p> This document refers to a legacy release (<strong>2.2</strong>) of Apache httpd. The active release (<strong>2.4</strong>) is documented <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current">here</a>. If you have not already upgraded, please follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/upgrading.html">this link</a> for more information.</p> 26 <p>You may follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/glossary.html">this link</a> to go to the current version of this document.</p></div><div id="preamble"><h1>Glossary</h1> 27 <div class="toplang"> 28 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | 29 <a href="./en/glossary.html" title="English"> en </a> | 30 <a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | 31 <a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | 32 <a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | 33 <a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | 34 <a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> 35 </div> 36 37 <p>This glossary defines some of the common terminology related to Apache in 38 particular, and web serving in general. More information on each concept 39 is provided in the links.</p> 40 </div> 41 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div> 42 <div class="section"> 43 <h2><a name="definitions" id="definitions">Definitions</a></h2> 44 45 <dl> 46 <dt><a name="accesscontrol" id="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt> 47 <dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context 48 usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br /> See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access 49 Control</a> 50 </dd> 51 52 <dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">Algorithm</a></dt> 53 <dd>An unambiguous formula or set of rules for solving a problem in a finite 54 number of steps. Algorithms for encryption are usually called 55 <dfn>Ciphers</dfn>. 56 </dd> 57 58 <dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool">APache 59 eXtension Tool</a> <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> 60 <dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">module</a> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects 61 (<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSO</a>s) and helps install them in the 62 Apache Web server.<br /> 63 See: Manual Page: <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apxs.html">apxs</a></code> 64 </dd> 65 66 <dt><a name="apacheportableruntime" id="apacheportableruntime">Apache Portable Runtime</a> <a name="apr" id="apr">(APR)</a></dt> 67 <dd>A set of libraries providing many of the basic interfaces 68 between the server and the operating system. APR is developed 69 parallel to the Apache HTTP Server as an independent project.<br /> 70 See: <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime 71 Project</a> 72 </dd> 73 74 <dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">Authentication</a></dt> 75 <dd>The positive identification of a network entity such as a server, a 76 client, or a user.<br /> 77 See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access 78 Control</a> 79 </dd> 80 81 <dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">Certificate</a></dt> 82 <dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such 83 as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces 84 about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a> (called 85 the issuer), plus the owner's <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickey" title="see glossary">public 86 key</a> and the 87 signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures 88 using CA certificates.<br /> 89 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 90 </dd> 91 92 <dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest" id="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a> 93 <a name="csr" id="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> 94 <dd>An unsigned <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificate" title="see glossary">certificate</a> for 95 submission to a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification 96 Authority</a>, which signs it with the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#privatekey" title="see glossary">Private Key</a> of their CA 97 <em>Certificate</em>. Once the CSR is signed, it becomes a real 98 certificate.<br /> 99 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 100 </dd> 101 102 <dt><a name="certificationauthority" id="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> 103 <a name="ca" id="ca">(CA)</a></dt> 104 <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to sign certificates for network 105 entities it has authenticated using secure means. Other network entities 106 can check the signature to verify that a CA has authenticated the bearer 107 of a certificate.<br /> 108 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 109 </dd> 110 111 <dt><a name="cipher" id="cipher">Cipher</a></dt> 112 <dd>An algorithm or system for data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, 113 etc.<br /> 114 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 115 </dd> 116 117 <dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">Ciphertext</a></dt> 118 <dd>The result after <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#plaintext" title="see glossary">Plaintext</a> is 119 passed through a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Cipher</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 120 </dd> 121 122 <dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface">Common 123 Gateway Interface</a> <a name="cgi" id="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt> 124 <dd>A standard definition for an interface between a web server and an 125 external program that allows the external program to service requests. 126 The interface was originally defined by <a href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/overview.html">NCSA</a> but there 127 is also an <a href="http://www.w3.org/CGI/">RFC project</a>.<br /> 128 See: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content with CGI</a> 129 </dd> 130 131 <dt><a name="configurationdirective" id="configurationdirective">Configuration Directive</a></dt> 132 <dd>See: <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directive</a></dd> 133 134 <dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile">Configuration 135 File</a></dt> 136 <dd>A text file containing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directives</a> 137 that control the configuration of Apache.<br /> 138 See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a> 139 </dd> 140 141 <dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> 142 <dd>An HTTP <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#method" title="see glossary">method</a> for proxying raw data 143 channels over HTTP. It can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as 144 the SSL protocol. 145 </dd> 146 147 <dt><a name="context" id="context">Context</a></dt> 148 <dd>An area in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration 149 files</a> where certain types of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> are allowed.<br /> 150 See: <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Terms Used to Describe 151 Apache Directives</a> 152 </dd> 153 154 <dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">Digital 155 Signature</a></dt> 156 <dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A 157 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a> 158 creates a signature by generating a hash of the <em>Public Key</em> 159 embedded in a <em>Certificate</em>, then encrypting the hash with its own 160 <em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's public key can decrypt the signature, 161 verifying that the CA has authenticated the network entity that owns the 162 <em>Certificate</em>.<br /> 163 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 164 </dd> 165 166 <dt><a name="directive" id="directive">Directive</a></dt> 167 <dd>A configuration command that controls one or more aspects of Apache's 168 behavior. Directives are placed in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">Configuration File</a><br /> 169 See: <a href="mod/directives.html">Directive Index</a> 170 </dd> 171 172 <dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic 173 Shared Object</a> <a name="dso" id="dso">(DSO)</a></dt> 174 <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">Modules</a> compiled separately from the 175 Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary that can be loaded on-demand.<br /> 176 See: <a href="dso.html">Dynamic Shared Object Support</a> 177 </dd> 178 179 <dt><a name="environmentvariable" id="environmentvariable">Environment 180 Variable</a> <a name="env-variable" id="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt> 181 <dd>Named variables managed by the operating system shell and used to store 182 information and communicate between programs. Apache also contains 183 internal variables that are referred to as environment variables, but are 184 stored in internal Apache structures, rather than in the shell 185 environment.<br /> 186 See: <a href="env.html">Environment Variables in Apache</a> 187 </dd> 188 189 <dt><a name="export-crippled" id="export-crippled">Export-Crippled</a></dt> 190 <dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply 191 with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 192 Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size, 193 resulting in <em>Ciphertext</em> which usually can be decrypted by brute 194 force.<br /> 195 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 196 </dd> 197 198 <dt><a name="filter" id="filter">Filter</a></dt> 199 <dd>A process that is applied to data that is sent or received by the 200 server. Input filters process data sent by the client to the server, 201 while output filters process documents on the server before they are sent 202 to the client. For example, the <code>INCLUDES</code> output filter 203 processes documents for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssi" title="see glossary">Server Side 204 Includes</a>.<br /> 205 See: <a href="filter.html">Filters</a> 206 </dd> 207 208 <dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name" id="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Fully-Qualified Domain-Name</a> 209 <a name="fqdn" id="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt> 210 <dd>The unique name of a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a 211 domain name that can resolve to an IP address. For example, 212 <code>www</code> is a hostname, <code>example.com</code> is a domain name, 213 and <code>www.example.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name. 214 </dd> 215 216 <dt><a name="handler" id="handler">Handler</a></dt> 217 <dd>An internal Apache representation of the action to be performed when a 218 file is called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file 219 type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain 220 file types are "handled" separately. For example, the 221 <code>cgi-script</code> handler designates files to be processed as 222 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cgi" title="see glossary">CGIs</a>.<br /> 223 See: <a href="handler.html">Apache's Handler Use</a> 224 </dd> 225 226 <dt><a name="hash" id="hash">Hash</a></dt> 227 <dd>A mathematical one-way, irreversible algorithm generating a string with 228 fixed-length from another string of any length. Different input strings 229 will usually produce different hashes (depending on the hash function). 230 </dd> 231 232 <dt><a name="header" id="header">Header</a></dt> 233 <dd>The part of the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a> request and 234 response that is sent before the actual content, and that contains 235 meta-information describing the content. 236 </dd> 237 238 <dt><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> 239 <dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration file</a> that 240 is placed inside the web tree and applies configuration <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> to the directory where it is 241 placed and all sub-directories. Despite its name, this file can hold 242 almost any type of directive, not just access-control directives.<br /> 243 See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a> 244 </dd> 245 246 <dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt> 247 <dd>The main Apache <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration 248 file</a>. The default location is 249 <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>, but it may be moved using 250 run-time or compile-time configuration.<br /> 251 See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a> 252 </dd> 253 254 <dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol" id="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer Protocol</a> 255 <a name="http" id="hhtp">(HTTP)</a></dt> 256 <dd>The standard transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web. Apache 257 implements version 1.1 of the protocol, referred to as HTTP/1.1 and 258 defined by <a href="http://ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>. 259 </dd> 260 261 <dt><a name="https" id="https">HTTPS</a></dt> 262 <dd>The HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted 263 communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP 264 over <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssl" title="see glossary">SSL</a>.<br /> 265 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 266 </dd> 267 268 <dt><a name="method" id="method">Method</a></dt> 269 <dd>In the context of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a>, an action to 270 perform on a resource, specified on the request line by the client. Some 271 of the methods available in HTTP are <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>, 272 and <code>PUT</code>. 273 </dd> 274 275 <dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">Message Digest</a></dt> 276 <dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of 277 the message have not been altered in transit.<br /> 278 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 279 </dd> 280 281 <dt><a name="mime-type" id="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt> 282 <dd>A way to describe the kind of document being transmitted. Its name 283 comes from that fact that its format is borrowed from the Multipurpose 284 Internet Mail Extensions. It consists of a major type and a minor type, 285 separated by a slash. Some examples are <code>text/html</code>, 286 <code>image/gif</code>, and <code>application/octet-stream</code>. In 287 HTTP, the MIME-type is transmitted in the <code>Content-Type</code> 288 <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#header" title="see glossary">header</a>.<br /> 289 See: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a> 290 </dd> 291 292 <dt><a name="module" id="module">Module</a></dt> 293 <dd>An independent part of a program. Much of Apache's functionality is 294 contained in modules that you can choose to include or exclude. Modules 295 that are compiled into the Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary are 296 called <dfn>static modules</dfn>, while modules that are stored 297 separately and can be optionally loaded at run-time are called 298 <dfn>dynamic modules</dfn> or <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSOs</a>. 299 Modules that are included by default 300 are called <dfn>base modules</dfn>. Many modules are available for Apache 301 that are not distributed as part of the Apache HTTP Server <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#tarball" title="see glossary">tarball</a>. These are referred to as 302 <dfn>third-party modules</dfn>.<br /> 303 See: <a href="mod/">Module Index</a> 304 </dd> 305 306 <dt><a name="modulemagicnumber" id="modulemagicnumber">Module Magic 307 Number</a> (<a name="mmn" id="mmn">MMN</a>)</dt> 308 <dd>Module Magic Number is a constant defined in the Apache source code that 309 is associated with binary compatibility of modules. It is changed when 310 internal Apache structures, function calls and other significant parts of 311 API change in such a way that binary compatibility cannot be guaranteed 312 any more. On MMN change, all third party modules have to be at least 313 recompiled, sometimes even slightly changed in order to work with the new 314 version of Apache. 315 </dd> 316 317 <dt><a name="openssl" id="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt> 318 <dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS<br /> 319 See <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a># 320 </dd> 321 322 <dt><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt> 323 <dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files. It prevents 324 unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret 325 encryption/decryption key used for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Ciphers</a>.<br /> 326 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 327 </dd> 328 329 <dt><a name="plaintext" id="plaintext">Plaintext</a></dt> 330 <dd>The unencrypted text.</dd> 331 332 <dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt> 333 <dd>The secret key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key 334 Cryptography</a> system, used to decrypt incoming messages and 335 sign outgoing ones.<br /> 336 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 337 </dd> 338 339 <dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></dt> 340 <dd>An intermediate server that sits between the client and the <em>origin 341 server</em>. It accepts requests from clients, transmits those requests 342 on to the origin server, and then returns the response from the origin 343 server to the client. If several clients request the same content, the 344 proxy can deliver that content from its cache, rather than requesting it 345 from the origin server each time, thereby reducing response time.<br /> 346 See: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a> 347 </dd> 348 349 <dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">Public Key</a></dt> 350 <dd>The publicly available key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key Cryptography</a> system, 351 used to encrypt messages bound for its owner and to decrypt signatures 352 made by its owner.<br /> 353 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 354 </dd> 355 356 <dt><a name="publickeycryptography" id="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a></dt> 357 <dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which use 358 one key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding pair of 359 such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric Cryptography. 360 <br /> 361 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 362 </dd> 363 364 <dt><a name="regularexpresion" id="regularexpresion">Regular Expression</a> 365 <a name="regex" id="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> 366 <dd>A way of describing a pattern in text - for example, "all the words that 367 begin with the letter A" or "every 10-digit phone number" or even "Every 368 sentence with two commas in it, and no capital letter Q". Regular 369 expressions are useful in Apache because they let you apply certain 370 attributes against collections of files or resources in very flexible ways 371 - for example, all .gif and .jpg files under any "images" directory could 372 be written as "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>". Apache uses Perl 373 Compatible Regular Expressions provided by the <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> library. You can find more documentation 374 about PCRE's regular expression syntax at that site, or at 375 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCRE">Wikipedia</a>. 376 </dd> 377 378 <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt> 379 <dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#proxy" title="see glossary">proxy</a> server that appears to the client 380 as if it is an <em>origin server</em>. This is useful to hide the real 381 origin server from the client for security reasons, or to load balance. 382 </dd> 383 384 <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets 385 Layer</a> <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt> 386 <dd>A protocol created by Netscape Communications Corporation for general 387 communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. The most 388 popular usage is <em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 389 over SSL.<br /> 390 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 391 </dd> 392 393 <dt><a name="servernameindication" id="servernameindication">Server Name 394 Indication</a> <a name="sni" id="sni">(SNI)</a></dt> 395 <dd>An SSL function that allows passing the desired server 396 hostname in the initial SSL handshake message, so that the web 397 server can select the correct virtual host configuration to use 398 in processing the SSL handshake. It was added to SSL starting 399 with the TLS extensions, RFC 3546. <br /> 400 See: <a href="ssl/ssl_faq.html">the SSL FAQ</a> 401 and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3546.txt">RFC 3546</a> 402 </dd> 403 404 <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Server Side 405 Includes</a> <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt> 406 <dd>A technique for embedding processing directives inside HTML files.<br /> 407 See: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Introduction to Server Side Includes</a> 408 </dd> 409 410 <dt><a name="session" id="session">Session</a></dt> 411 <dd>The context information of a communication in general.</dd> 412 413 <dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt> 414 <dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by Eric A. 415 Young 416 </dd> 417 418 <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric 419 Cryptography</a></dt> 420 <dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key 421 for both encryption and decryption operations.<br /> 422 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 423 </dd> 424 425 <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tarball</a></dt> 426 <dd>A package of files gathered together using the <code>tar</code> utility. 427 Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives or using 428 pkzip. 429 </dd> 430 431 <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Transport 432 Layer Security</a> <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> 433 <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created by the Internet Engineering Task 434 Force (IETF) for general communication authentication and encryption over 435 TCP/IP networks. TLS version 1 is nearly identical with SSL version 3.<br /> 436 See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 437 </dd> 438 439 <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform 440 Resource Locator</a> <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dt> 441 <dd>The name/address of a resource on the Internet. This is the common 442 informal term for what is formally called a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#uniformresourceidentifier" title="see glossary">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>. 443 URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like <code>http</code> or 444 <code>https</code>, a hostname, and a path. A URL for this page might 445 be <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/glossary.html</code>. 446 </dd> 447 448 <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier" id="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> 449 <a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dt> 450 <dd>A compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical 451 resource. It is formally defined by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>. URIs used on the 452 world-wide web are commonly referred to as <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#url" title="see glossary">URLs</a>. 453 </dd> 454 455 <dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt> 456 <dd>Serving multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. <em>IP 457 virtual hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP 458 address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name of the 459 host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP address.<br /> 460 See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host documentation</a> 461 </dd> 462 463 <dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt> 464 <dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International 465 Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a> 466 </dd> 467 </dl> 468 </div></div> 469 <div class="bottomlang"> 470 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/glossary.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> | 471 <a href="./en/glossary.html" title="English"> en </a> | 472 <a href="./es/glossary.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> | 473 <a href="./fr/glossary.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> | 474 <a href="./ja/glossary.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> | 475 <a href="./ko/glossary.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> | 476 <a href="./tr/glossary.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p> 477 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. 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