github.com/krum110487/go-htaccess@v0.0.0-20240316004156-60641c8e7598/tests/data/apache_2_2_34/manual/platform/ebcdic.html.en (about)

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    10  <title>The Apache EBCDIC Port - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</title>
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    18  <body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
    19  <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
    20  <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2</p>
    21  <img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
    22  <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
    23  <div id="path">
    24  <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.2</a> &gt; <a href="./">Platform Specific Notes</a></div><div id="page-content"><div class="retired"><h4>Please note</h4>
    25              <p> This document refers to a legacy release (<strong>2.2</strong>) of Apache httpd. The active release (<strong>2.4</strong>) is documented <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current">here</a>. If you have not already upgraded, please follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/upgrading.html">this link</a> for more information.</p>
    26          <p>You may follow <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/platform/ebcdic.html">this link</a> to go to the current version of this document.</p></div><div id="preamble"><h1>The Apache EBCDIC Port</h1>
    27  <div class="toplang">
    28  <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/platform/ebcdic.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
    29  <a href="../ko/platform/ebcdic.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean">&nbsp;ko&nbsp;</a></p>
    30  </div>
    31  
    32  
    33      <div class="warning"><strong>Warning:</strong> This document
    34      has not been updated to take into account changes made in
    35      the 2.0 version of the Apache HTTP Server. Some of the
    36      information may still be relevant, but please use it with care.
    37      </div>
    38  
    39    </div>
    40  <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview of the Apache EBCDIC Port</a></li>
    41  <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#design">Design Goals</a></li>
    42  <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#technical">Technical Solution</a></li>
    43  <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#porting">Porting Notes</a></li>
    44  <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#document">Document Storage Notes</a></li>
    45  <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#modules">Apache Modules' Status</a></li>
    46  <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#third-party">Third Party Modules' Status</a></li>
    47  </ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
    48  <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
    49  <div class="section">
    50  <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview of the Apache EBCDIC Port</a></h2>
    51  
    52      
    53  
    54      <p>Version 1.3 of the Apache HTTP Server is the first version
    55      which includes a port to a (non-ASCII) mainframe machine which
    56      uses the EBCDIC character set as its native codeset.</p>
    57  
    58      <p>(It is the SIEMENS family of mainframes running the <a href="http://www.siemens.de/servers/bs2osd/osdbc_us.htm">BS2000/OSD
    59      operating system</a>. This mainframe OS nowadays features a
    60      SVR4-derived POSIX subsystem).</p>
    61  
    62      <p>The port was started initially to</p>
    63  
    64      <ul>
    65        <li>prove the feasibility of porting <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">the Apache HTTP server</a> to
    66        this platform</li>
    67  
    68        <li>find a "worthy and capable" successor for the venerable
    69        <a href="http://www.w3.org/Daemon/">CERN-3.0</a> daemon
    70        (which was ported a couple of years ago), and to</li>
    71  
    72        <li>prove that Apache's preforking process model can on this
    73        platform easily outperform the accept-fork-serve model used
    74        by CERN by a factor of 5 or more.</li>
    75      </ul>
    76  
    77      <p>This document serves as a rationale to describe some of the
    78      design decisions of the port to this machine.</p>
    79  
    80    </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
    81  <div class="section">
    82  <h2><a name="design" id="design">Design Goals</a></h2>
    83  
    84      
    85  
    86      <p>One objective of the EBCDIC port was to maintain enough
    87      backwards compatibility with the (EBCDIC) CERN server to make
    88      the transition to the new server attractive and easy. This
    89      required the addition of a configurable method to define
    90      whether a HTML document was stored in ASCII (the only format
    91      accepted by the old server) or in EBCDIC (the native document
    92      format in the POSIX subsystem, and therefore the only realistic
    93      format in which the other POSIX tools like <code>grep</code> or
    94      <code>sed</code> could operate on the documents). The current
    95      solution to this is a "pseudo-MIME-format" which is intercepted
    96      and interpreted by the Apache server (see below). Future versions
    97      might solve the problem by defining an "ebcdic-handler" for all
    98      documents which must be converted.</p>
    99  
   100    </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
   101  <div class="section">
   102  <h2><a name="technical" id="technical">Technical Solution</a></h2>
   103  
   104      
   105  
   106      <p>Since all Apache input and output is based upon the BUFF
   107      data type and its methods, the easiest solution was to add the
   108      conversion to the BUFF handling routines. The conversion must
   109      be settable at any time, so a BUFF flag was added which defines
   110      whether a BUFF object has currently enabled conversion or not.
   111      This flag is modified at several points in the HTTP
   112      protocol:</p>
   113  
   114      <ul>
   115        <li><strong>set</strong> before a request is received
   116        (because the request and the request header lines are always
   117        in ASCII format)</li>
   118  
   119        <li><strong>set/unset</strong> when the request body is
   120        received - depending on the content type of the request body
   121        (because the request body may contain ASCII text or a binary
   122        file)</li>
   123  
   124        <li><strong>set</strong> before a reply header is sent
   125        (because the response header lines are always in ASCII
   126        format)</li>
   127  
   128        <li><strong>set/unset</strong> when the response body is sent
   129        - depending on the content type of the response body (because
   130        the response body may contain text or a binary file)</li>
   131      </ul>
   132  
   133    </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
   134  <div class="section">
   135  <h2><a name="porting" id="porting">Porting Notes</a></h2>
   136  
   137      
   138  
   139      <ol>
   140        <li>
   141          <p>The relevant changes in the source are <code>#ifdef</code>'ed
   142          into two categories:</p>
   143  
   144          <dl>
   145            <dt><code><strong>#ifdef
   146            CHARSET_EBCDIC</strong></code></dt>
   147  
   148            <dd>
   149              <p>Code which is needed for any EBCDIC based machine.
   150              This includes character translations, differences in
   151              contiguity of the two character sets, flags which
   152              indicate which part of the HTTP protocol has to be
   153              converted and which part doesn't <em>etc.</em></p>
   154            </dd>
   155  
   156            <dt><code><strong>#ifdef _OSD_POSIX</strong></code></dt>
   157  
   158            <dd>
   159              <p>Code which is needed for the SIEMENS BS2000/OSD
   160              mainframe platform only. This deals with include file
   161              differences and socket implementation topics which are
   162              only required on the BS2000/OSD platform.</p>
   163            </dd>
   164          </dl>
   165        </li>
   166  
   167        <li>
   168          <p>The possibility to translate between ASCII and EBCDIC at
   169          the socket level (on BS2000 POSIX, there is a socket option
   170          which supports this) was intentionally <em>not</em> chosen,
   171          because the byte stream at the HTTP protocol level consists
   172          of a mixture of protocol related strings and non-protocol
   173          related raw file data. HTTP protocol strings are always
   174          encoded in ASCII (the <code>GET</code> request, any Header: lines,
   175          the chunking information <em>etc.</em>) whereas the file transfer
   176          parts (<em>i.e.</em>, GIF images, CGI output <em>etc.</em>)
   177          should usually be just "passed through" by the server. This
   178          separation between "protocol string" and "raw data" is
   179          reflected in the server code by functions like <code>bgets()</code>
   180          or <code>rvputs()</code> for strings, and functions like
   181          <code>bwrite()</code> for binary data. A global translation
   182          of everything would therefore be inadequate.</p>
   183  
   184          <p>(In the case of text files of course, provisions must be
   185          made so that EBCDIC documents are always served in
   186          ASCII)</p>
   187        </li>
   188  
   189        <li>
   190          <p>This port therefore features a built-in protocol level
   191          conversion for the server-internal strings (which the
   192          compiler translated to EBCDIC strings) and thus for all
   193          server-generated documents. The hard coded ASCII escapes
   194          <code>\012</code> and <code>\015</code> which are ubiquitous
   195          in the server code are an exception: they are already the binary
   196          encoding of the ASCII <code>\n</code> and <code>\r</code> and
   197          must not be converted to ASCII a second time.
   198          This exception is only relevant for server-generated strings;
   199          and <em>external</em> EBCDIC documents are not expected to
   200          contain ASCII newline characters.</p>
   201        </li>
   202  
   203        <li>
   204          <p>By examining the call hierarchy for the BUFF management
   205          routines, I added an "ebcdic/ascii conversion layer" which
   206          would be crossed on every puts/write/get/gets, and a
   207          conversion flag which allowed enabling/disabling the
   208          conversions on-the-fly. Usually, a document crosses this
   209          layer twice from its origin source (a file or CGI output) to
   210          its destination (the requesting client): <code>file -&gt;
   211          Apache</code>, and <code>Apache -&gt; client</code>.</p>
   212  
   213          <p>The server can now read the header lines of a CGI-script
   214          output in EBCDIC format, and then find out that the remainder
   215          of the script's output is in ASCII (like in the case of the
   216          output of a WWW Counter program: the document body contains a
   217          GIF image). All header processing is done in the native
   218          EBCDIC format; the server then determines, based on the type
   219          of document being served, whether the document body (except
   220          for the chunking information, of course) is in ASCII already
   221          or must be converted from EBCDIC.</p>
   222        </li>
   223  
   224        <li>
   225          <p>For Text documents (MIME types text/plain, text/html
   226          <em>etc.</em>), an implicit translation to ASCII can be
   227          used, or (if the users prefer to store some documents in
   228          raw ASCII form for faster serving, or because the files
   229          reside on a NFS-mounted directory tree) can be served
   230          without conversion.</p>
   231  
   232          <p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
   233  
   234          <p>to serve files with the suffix <code>.ahtml</code> as a
   235          raw ASCII <code>text/html</code> document without implicit
   236          conversion (and suffix <code>.ascii</code> as ASCII
   237          <code>text/plain</code>), use the directives:</p>
   238  
   239          <div class="example"><p><code>
   240            AddType  text/x-ascii-html  .ahtml <br />
   241            AddType  text/x-ascii-plain .ascii
   242          </code></p></div>
   243  
   244          <p>Similarly, any <code>text/foo</code> MIME type can be
   245          served as "raw ASCII" by configuring a MIME type
   246          "<code>text/x-ascii-foo</code>" for it using
   247          <code>AddType</code>.</p>
   248        </li>
   249  
   250        <li>
   251          <p>Non-text documents are always served "binary" without
   252          conversion. This seems to be the most sensible choice for,
   253          .<em>e.g.</em>, GIF/ZIP/AU file types. This of course
   254          requires the user to copy them to the mainframe host using
   255          the "<code>rcp -b</code>" binary switch.</p>
   256        </li>
   257  
   258        <li>
   259          <p>Server parsed files are always assumed to be in native
   260          (<em>i.e.</em>, EBCDIC) format as used on the machine, and
   261          are converted after processing.</p>
   262        </li>
   263  
   264        <li>
   265          <p>For CGI output, the CGI script determines whether a
   266          conversion is needed or not: by setting the appropriate
   267          Content-Type, text files can be converted, or GIF output can
   268          be passed through unmodified. An example for the latter case
   269          is the wwwcount program which we ported as well.</p>
   270        </li>
   271  
   272      </ol>
   273  
   274    </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
   275  <div class="section">
   276  <h2><a name="document" id="document">Document Storage Notes</a></h2>
   277  
   278      
   279  
   280      <h3><a name="binary" id="binary">Binary Files</a></h3>
   281  
   282        
   283  
   284        <p>All files with a <code>Content-Type:</code> which does not
   285        start with <code>text/</code> are regarded as <em>binary
   286        files</em> by the server and are not subject to any conversion.
   287        Examples for binary files are GIF images, gzip-compressed files
   288        and the like.</p>
   289  
   290        <p>When exchanging binary files between the mainframe host and
   291        a Unix machine or Windows PC, be sure to use the ftp "binary"
   292        (<code>TYPE I</code>) command, or use the
   293        <code>rcp -b</code> command from the mainframe host (the
   294        <code>-b</code> switch is not supported in unix
   295        <code>rcp</code>'s).</p>
   296  
   297      
   298  
   299      <h3><a name="text" id="text">Text Documents</a></h3>
   300  
   301        
   302  
   303        <p>The default assumption of the server is that Text Files
   304        (<em>i.e.</em>, all files whose <code>Content-Type:</code>
   305        starts with <code>text/</code>) are stored in the native
   306        character set of the host, EBCDIC.</p>
   307  
   308      
   309  
   310      <h3><a name="ssi" id="ssi">Server Side Included Documents</a></h3>
   311  
   312        
   313  
   314        <p>SSI documents must currently be stored in EBCDIC only.
   315        No provision is made to convert it from ASCII before
   316        processing.</p>
   317  
   318      
   319  
   320    </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
   321  <div class="section">
   322  <h2><a name="modules" id="modules">Apache Modules' Status</a></h2>
   323  
   324      
   325  
   326      <table class="bordered">
   327        <tr>
   328          <th>Module</th>
   329          <th>Status</th>
   330          <th>Notes</th>
   331        </tr>
   332  
   333        <tr>
   334          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code></td>
   335          <td class="centered">+</td>
   336          <td />
   337        </tr>
   338  
   339        <tr>
   340          <td><code class="module">mod_access</code></td>
   341          <td class="centered">+</td>
   342          <td />
   343        </tr>
   344  
   345        <tr>
   346          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_actions.html">mod_actions</a></code></td>
   347          <td class="centered">+</td>
   348          <td />
   349        </tr>
   350  
   351        <tr>
   352          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code></td>
   353          <td class="centered">+</td>
   354          <td />
   355        </tr>
   356  
   357        <tr>
   358          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_asis.html">mod_asis</a></code></td>
   359          <td class="centered">+</td>
   360          <td />
   361        </tr>
   362  
   363        <tr>
   364          <td><code class="module">mod_auth</code></td>
   365          <td class="centered">+</td>
   366          <td />
   367        </tr>
   368  
   369        <tr>
   370          <td><code class="module">mod_auth_anon</code></td>
   371          <td class="centered">+</td>
   372          <td />
   373        </tr>
   374  
   375        <tr>
   376          <td><code class="module">mod_auth_dbm</code></td>
   377          <td class="centered">?</td>
   378          <td>with own <code>libdb.a</code></td>
   379        </tr>
   380  
   381        <tr>
   382          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code></td>
   383          <td class="centered">+</td>
   384          <td />
   385        </tr>
   386  
   387        <tr>
   388          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cern_meta.html">mod_cern_meta</a></code></td>
   389          <td class="centered">?</td>
   390          <td />
   391        </tr>
   392  
   393        <tr>
   394          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></td>
   395          <td class="centered">+</td>
   396          <td />
   397        </tr>
   398  
   399        <tr>
   400          <td><code>mod_digest</code></td>
   401          <td class="centered">+</td>
   402          <td />
   403        </tr>
   404  
   405        <tr>
   406          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dir.html">mod_dir</a></code></td>
   407          <td class="centered">+</td>
   408          <td />
   409        </tr>
   410  
   411        <tr>
   412          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a></code></td>
   413          <td class="centered">-</td>
   414          <td>no shared libs</td>
   415        </tr>
   416  
   417        <tr>
   418          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_env.html">mod_env</a></code></td>
   419          <td class="centered">+</td>
   420          <td />
   421        </tr>
   422  
   423        <tr>
   424          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_example.html">mod_example</a></code></td>
   425          <td class="centered">-</td>
   426          <td>(test bed only)</td>
   427        </tr>
   428  
   429        <tr>
   430          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_expires.html">mod_expires</a></code></td>
   431          <td class="centered">+</td>
   432          <td />
   433        </tr>
   434  
   435        <tr>
   436          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code></td>
   437          <td class="centered">+</td>
   438          <td />
   439        </tr>
   440  
   441        <tr>
   442          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code></td>
   443          <td class="centered">+</td>
   444          <td />
   445        </tr>
   446  
   447        <tr>
   448          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></td>
   449          <td class="centered">+</td>
   450          <td />
   451        </tr>
   452  
   453        <tr>
   454          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></td>
   455          <td class="centered">+</td>
   456          <td />
   457        </tr>
   458  
   459        <tr>
   460          <td><code>mod_log_agent</code></td>
   461          <td class="centered">+</td>
   462          <td />
   463        </tr>
   464  
   465        <tr>
   466          <td><code>mod_log_config</code></td>
   467          <td class="centered">+</td>
   468          <td />
   469        </tr>
   470  
   471        <tr>
   472          <td><code class="module">mod_log_referer</code></td>
   473          <td class="centered">+</td>
   474          <td />
   475        </tr>
   476  
   477        <tr>
   478          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code></td>
   479          <td class="centered">+</td>
   480          <td />
   481        </tr>
   482  
   483        <tr>
   484          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code></td>
   485          <td class="centered">?</td>
   486          <td>not ported yet</td>
   487        </tr>
   488  
   489        <tr>
   490          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code></td>
   491          <td class="centered">+</td>
   492          <td />
   493        </tr>
   494  
   495        <tr>
   496          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></td>
   497          <td class="centered">+</td>
   498          <td />
   499        </tr>
   500  
   501        <tr>
   502          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></td>
   503          <td class="centered">+</td>
   504          <td>untested</td>
   505        </tr>
   506  
   507        <tr>
   508          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code></td>
   509          <td class="centered">+</td>
   510          <td />
   511        </tr>
   512  
   513        <tr>
   514          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code></td>
   515          <td class="centered">+</td>
   516          <td />
   517        </tr>
   518  
   519        <tr>
   520          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code></td>
   521          <td class="centered">+</td>
   522          <td />
   523        </tr>
   524  
   525        <tr>
   526          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_unique_id.html">mod_unique_id</a></code></td>
   527          <td class="centered">+</td>
   528          <td />
   529        </tr>
   530  
   531        <tr>
   532          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code></td>
   533          <td class="centered">+</td>
   534          <td />
   535        </tr>
   536  
   537        <tr>
   538          <td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_usertrack.html">mod_usertrack</a></code></td>
   539          <td class="centered">?</td>
   540          <td>untested</td>
   541        </tr>
   542      </table>
   543  
   544    </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
   545  <div class="section">
   546  <h2><a name="third-party" id="third-party">Third Party Modules' Status</a></h2>
   547  
   548      
   549  
   550      <table class="bordered">
   551        <tr>
   552          <th>Module</th>
   553          <th>Status</th>
   554          <th>Notes</th>
   555        </tr>
   556  
   557        <tr>
   558          <td><code><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc-archive/jk2/">JK</a> (Formerly mod_jserv)
   559          </code></td>
   560          <td class="centered">-</td>
   561          <td>JAVA still being ported.</td>
   562        </tr>
   563  
   564        <tr>
   565          <td><code><a href="http://www.php.net/">mod_php3</a></code></td>
   566          <td class="centered">+</td>
   567          <td><code>mod_php3</code> runs fine, with LDAP and GD
   568          and FreeType libraries.</td>
   569        </tr>
   570  
   571        <tr>
   572          <td><code><a href="http://hpwww.ec-lyon.fr/~vincent/apache/mod_put.html">mod_put</a></code></td>
   573          <td class="centered">?</td>
   574          <td>untested</td>
   575        </tr>
   576  
   577        <tr>
   578          <td><code><a href="ftp://hachiman.vidya.com/pub/apache/">mod_session</a></code></td>
   579          <td class="centered">-</td>
   580          <td>untested</td>
   581        </tr>
   582      </table>
   583  
   584    </div></div>
   585  <div class="bottomlang">
   586  <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/platform/ebcdic.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
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   588  </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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