github.com/linapex/ethereum-go-chinese@v0.0.0-20190316121929-f8b7a73c3fa1/cmd/puppeth/wizard_genesis.go

//<developer>
//    <name>linapex 曹一峰</name>
//    <email>linapex@163.com</email>
//    <wx>superexc</wx>
//    <qqgroup>128148617</qqgroup>
//    <url>https://jsq.ink</url>
//    <role>pku engineer</role>
//    <date>2019-03-16 19:16:33</date>
//</624450069973700608>


package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"math/big"
	"math/rand"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"time"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
)

//
func (w *wizard) makeGenesis() {
//
	genesis := &core.Genesis{
		Timestamp:  uint64(time.Now().Unix()),
		GasLimit:   4700000,
		Difficulty: big.NewInt(524288),
		Alloc:      make(core.GenesisAlloc),
		Config: &params.ChainConfig{
			HomesteadBlock:      big.NewInt(1),
			EIP150Block:         big.NewInt(2),
			EIP155Block:         big.NewInt(3),
			EIP158Block:         big.NewInt(3),
			ByzantiumBlock:      big.NewInt(4),
			ConstantinopleBlock: big.NewInt(5),
		},
	}
//
	fmt.Println()
	fmt.Println("Which consensus engine to use? (default = clique)")
	fmt.Println(" 1. Ethash - proof-of-work")
	fmt.Println(" 2. Clique - proof-of-authority")

	choice := w.read()
	switch {
	case choice == "1":
//
		genesis.Config.Ethash = new(params.EthashConfig)
		genesis.ExtraData = make([]byte, 32)

	case choice == "" || choice == "2":
//
		genesis.Difficulty = big.NewInt(1)
		genesis.Config.Clique = &params.CliqueConfig{
			Period: 15,
			Epoch:  30000,
		}
		fmt.Println()
		fmt.Println("How many seconds should blocks take? (default = 15)")
		genesis.Config.Clique.Period = uint64(w.readDefaultInt(15))

//我们还需要签名者的初始列表
		fmt.Println()
		fmt.Println("Which accounts are allowed to seal? (mandatory at least one)")

		var signers []common.Address
		for {
			if address := w.readAddress(); address != nil {
				signers = append(signers, *address)
				continue
			}
			if len(signers) > 0 {
				break
			}
		}
//对签名者排序并嵌入到额外的数据部分
		for i := 0; i < len(signers); i++ {
			for j := i + 1; j < len(signers); j++ {
				if bytes.Compare(signers[i][:], signers[j][:]) > 0 {
					signers[i], signers[j] = signers[j], signers[i]
				}
			}
		}
		genesis.ExtraData = make([]byte, 32+len(signers)*common.AddressLength+65)
		for i, signer := range signers {
			copy(genesis.ExtraData[32+i*common.AddressLength:], signer[:])
		}

	default:
		log.Crit("Invalid consensus engine choice", "choice", choice)
	}
//协商一致，只需申请初始资金就可以了。
	fmt.Println()
	fmt.Println("Which accounts should be pre-funded? (advisable at least one)")
	for {
//读取要资助的帐户的地址
		if address := w.readAddress(); address != nil {
			genesis.Alloc[*address] = core.GenesisAccount{
Balance: new(big.Int).Lsh(big.NewInt(1), 256-7), //2^256/128（允许多个预付款没有余额溢出）
			}
			continue
		}
		break
	}
	fmt.Println()
	fmt.Println("Should the precompile-addresses (0x1 .. 0xff) be pre-funded with 1 wei? (advisable yes)")
	if w.readDefaultYesNo(true) {
//添加一批预编译余额以避免删除它们
		for i := int64(0); i < 256; i++ {
			genesis.Alloc[common.BigToAddress(big.NewInt(i))] = core.GenesisAccount{Balance: big.NewInt(1)}
		}
	}
//向用户查询一些自定义附加项
	fmt.Println()
	fmt.Println("Specify your chain/network ID if you want an explicit one (default = random)")
	genesis.Config.ChainID = new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(w.readDefaultInt(rand.Intn(65536))))

//全部完成，存储Genesis并刷新到磁盘
	log.Info("Configured new genesis block")

	w.conf.Genesis = genesis
	w.conf.flush()
}

//
func (w *wizard) importGenesis() {
//
	fmt.Println()
	fmt.Println("Where's the genesis file? (local file or http/https url)")
	url := w.readURL()

//
	var reader io.Reader

	switch url.Scheme {
	case "http", "https":
//
		res, err := http.Get(url.String())
		if err != nil {
			log.Error("Failed to retrieve remote genesis", "err", err)
			return
		}
		defer res.Body.Close()
		reader = res.Body

	case "":
//
		file, err := os.Open(url.String())
		if err != nil {
			log.Error("Failed to open local genesis", "err", err)
			return
		}
		defer file.Close()
		reader = file

	default:
		log.Error("Unsupported genesis URL scheme", "scheme", url.Scheme)
		return
	}
//
	var genesis core.Genesis
	if err := json.NewDecoder(reader).Decode(&genesis); err != nil {
		log.Error("Invalid genesis spec: %v", err)
		return
	}
	log.Info("Imported genesis block")

	w.conf.Genesis = &genesis
	w.conf.flush()
}

//ManageGenesis允许在
//一个Genesis配置和整个Genesis规范的导出。
func (w *wizard) manageGenesis() {
//确定是修改还是导出Genesis
	fmt.Println()
	fmt.Println(" 1. Modify existing fork rules")
	fmt.Println(" 2. Export genesis configurations")
	fmt.Println(" 3. Remove genesis configuration")

	choice := w.read()
	switch choice {
	case "1":
//请求了fork规则更新，对每个fork进行迭代
		fmt.Println()
		fmt.Printf("Which block should Homestead come into effect? (default = %v)\n", w.conf.Genesis.Config.HomesteadBlock)
		w.conf.Genesis.Config.HomesteadBlock = w.readDefaultBigInt(w.conf.Genesis.Config.HomesteadBlock)

		fmt.Println()
		fmt.Printf("Which block should EIP150 (Tangerine Whistle) come into effect? (default = %v)\n", w.conf.Genesis.Config.EIP150Block)
		w.conf.Genesis.Config.EIP150Block = w.readDefaultBigInt(w.conf.Genesis.Config.EIP150Block)

		fmt.Println()
		fmt.Printf("Which block should EIP155 (Spurious Dragon) come into effect? (default = %v)\n", w.conf.Genesis.Config.EIP155Block)
		w.conf.Genesis.Config.EIP155Block = w.readDefaultBigInt(w.conf.Genesis.Config.EIP155Block)

		fmt.Println()
		fmt.Printf("Which block should EIP158/161 (also Spurious Dragon) come into effect? (default = %v)\n", w.conf.Genesis.Config.EIP158Block)
		w.conf.Genesis.Config.EIP158Block = w.readDefaultBigInt(w.conf.Genesis.Config.EIP158Block)

		fmt.Println()
		fmt.Printf("Which block should Byzantium come into effect? (default = %v)\n", w.conf.Genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock)
		w.conf.Genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock = w.readDefaultBigInt(w.conf.Genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock)

		fmt.Println()
		fmt.Printf("Which block should Constantinople come into effect? (default = %v)\n", w.conf.Genesis.Config.ConstantinopleBlock)
		w.conf.Genesis.Config.ConstantinopleBlock = w.readDefaultBigInt(w.conf.Genesis.Config.ConstantinopleBlock)

		out, _ := json.MarshalIndent(w.conf.Genesis.Config, "", "  ")
		fmt.Printf("Chain configuration updated:\n\n%s\n", out)

	case "2":
//保存我们当前的Genesis配置
		fmt.Println()
		fmt.Printf("Which folder to save the genesis specs into? (default = current)\n")
		fmt.Printf("  Will create %s.json, %s-aleth.json, %s-harmony.json, %s-parity.json\n", w.network, w.network, w.network, w.network)

		folder := w.readDefaultString(".")
		if err := os.MkdirAll(folder, 0755); err != nil {
			log.Error("Failed to create spec folder", "folder", folder, "err", err)
			return
		}
		out, _ := json.MarshalIndent(w.conf.Genesis, "", "  ")

//
		gethJson := filepath.Join(folder, fmt.Sprintf("%s.json", w.network))
		if err := ioutil.WriteFile((gethJson), out, 0644); err != nil {
			log.Error("Failed to save genesis file", "err", err)
			return
		}
		log.Info("Saved native genesis chain spec", "path", gethJson)

//
		if spec, err := newAlethGenesisSpec(w.network, w.conf.Genesis); err != nil {
			log.Error("Failed to create Aleth chain spec", "err", err)
		} else {
			saveGenesis(folder, w.network, "aleth", spec)
		}
//
		if spec, err := newParityChainSpec(w.network, w.conf.Genesis, []string{}); err != nil {
			log.Error("Failed to create Parity chain spec", "err", err)
		} else {
			saveGenesis(folder, w.network, "parity", spec)
		}
//
		saveGenesis(folder, w.network, "harmony", w.conf.Genesis)

	case "3":
//
		if len(w.conf.servers()) > 0 {
			log.Error("Genesis reset requires all services and servers torn down")
			return
		}
		log.Info("Genesis block destroyed")

		w.conf.Genesis = nil
		w.conf.flush()
	default:
		log.Error("That's not something I can do")
		return
	}
}

//
func saveGenesis(folder, network, client string, spec interface{}) {
	path := filepath.Join(folder, fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s.json", network, client))

	out, _ := json.Marshal(spec)
	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(path, out, 0644); err != nil {
		log.Error("Failed to save genesis file", "client", client, "err", err)
		return
	}
	log.Info("Saved genesis chain spec", "client", client, "path", path)
}