github.com/vmware/govmomi@v0.51.0/object/virtual_device_list.go

// © Broadcom. All Rights Reserved.
// The term “Broadcom” refers to Broadcom Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

package object

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
	"path/filepath"
	"reflect"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"strings"

	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/vim25/types"
)

// Type values for use in BootOrder
const (
	DeviceTypeNone     = "-"
	DeviceTypeCdrom    = "cdrom"
	DeviceTypeDisk     = "disk"
	DeviceTypeEthernet = "ethernet"
	DeviceTypeFloppy   = "floppy"
)

// VirtualDeviceList provides helper methods for working with a list of virtual devices.
type VirtualDeviceList []types.BaseVirtualDevice

// SCSIControllerTypes are used for adding a new SCSI controller to a VM.
func SCSIControllerTypes() VirtualDeviceList {
	// Return a mutable list of SCSI controller types, initialized with defaults.
	return VirtualDeviceList([]types.BaseVirtualDevice{
		&types.VirtualLsiLogicController{},
		&types.VirtualBusLogicController{},
		&types.ParaVirtualSCSIController{},
		&types.VirtualLsiLogicSASController{},
	}).Select(func(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) bool {
		c := device.(types.BaseVirtualSCSIController).GetVirtualSCSIController()
		c.SharedBus = types.VirtualSCSISharingNoSharing
		c.BusNumber = -1
		return true
	})
}

// EthernetCardTypes are used for adding a new ethernet card to a VM.
func EthernetCardTypes() VirtualDeviceList {
	return VirtualDeviceList([]types.BaseVirtualDevice{
		&types.VirtualE1000{},
		&types.VirtualE1000e{},
		&types.VirtualVmxnet2{},
		&types.VirtualVmxnet3{},
		&types.VirtualVmxnet3Vrdma{},
		&types.VirtualPCNet32{},
		&types.VirtualSriovEthernetCard{},
	}).Select(func(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) bool {
		c := device.(types.BaseVirtualEthernetCard).GetVirtualEthernetCard()
		c.GetVirtualDevice().Key = VirtualDeviceList{}.newRandomKey()
		return true
	})
}

// Select returns a new list containing all elements of the list for which the given func returns true.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) Select(f func(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) bool) VirtualDeviceList {
	var found VirtualDeviceList

	for _, device := range l {
		if f(device) {
			found = append(found, device)
		}
	}

	return found
}

// SelectByType returns a new list with devices that are equal to or extend the given type.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) SelectByType(deviceType types.BaseVirtualDevice) VirtualDeviceList {
	dtype := reflect.TypeOf(deviceType)
	if dtype == nil {
		return nil
	}
	dname := dtype.Elem().Name()

	return l.Select(func(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) bool {
		t := reflect.TypeOf(device)

		if t == dtype {
			return true
		}

		_, ok := t.Elem().FieldByName(dname)

		return ok
	})
}

// SelectByBackingInfo returns a new list with devices matching the given backing info.
// If the value of backing is nil, any device with a backing of the same type will be returned.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) SelectByBackingInfo(backing types.BaseVirtualDeviceBackingInfo) VirtualDeviceList {
	t := reflect.TypeOf(backing)

	return l.Select(func(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) bool {
		db := device.GetVirtualDevice().Backing
		if db == nil {
			return false
		}

		if reflect.TypeOf(db) != t {
			return false
		}

		if reflect.ValueOf(backing).IsNil() {
			// selecting by backing type
			return true
		}

		switch a := db.(type) {
		case *types.VirtualEthernetCardNetworkBackingInfo:
			b := backing.(*types.VirtualEthernetCardNetworkBackingInfo)
			return a.DeviceName == b.DeviceName
		case *types.VirtualEthernetCardDistributedVirtualPortBackingInfo:
			b := backing.(*types.VirtualEthernetCardDistributedVirtualPortBackingInfo)
			return a.Port.SwitchUuid == b.Port.SwitchUuid &&
				a.Port.PortgroupKey == b.Port.PortgroupKey
		case *types.VirtualEthernetCardOpaqueNetworkBackingInfo:
			b := backing.(*types.VirtualEthernetCardOpaqueNetworkBackingInfo)
			return a.OpaqueNetworkId == b.OpaqueNetworkId
		case *types.VirtualDiskFlatVer2BackingInfo:
			b := backing.(*types.VirtualDiskFlatVer2BackingInfo)
			if a.Parent != nil && b.Parent != nil {
				return a.Parent.FileName == b.Parent.FileName
			}
			return a.FileName == b.FileName
		case *types.VirtualSerialPortURIBackingInfo:
			b := backing.(*types.VirtualSerialPortURIBackingInfo)
			return a.ServiceURI == b.ServiceURI
		case types.BaseVirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo:
			b := backing.(types.BaseVirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo)
			return a.GetVirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo().FileName == b.GetVirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo().FileName
		case *types.VirtualPCIPassthroughVmiopBackingInfo:
			b := backing.(*types.VirtualPCIPassthroughVmiopBackingInfo)
			return a.Vgpu == b.Vgpu
		case *types.VirtualPCIPassthroughDynamicBackingInfo:
			b := backing.(*types.VirtualPCIPassthroughDynamicBackingInfo)
			if b.CustomLabel != "" && b.CustomLabel != a.CustomLabel {
				return false
			}
			if len(b.AllowedDevice) == 0 {
				return true
			}
			for _, x := range a.AllowedDevice {
				for _, y := range b.AllowedDevice {
					if x.DeviceId == y.DeviceId && x.VendorId == y.VendorId {
						return true
					}
				}
			}
			return false
		default:
			return false
		}
	})
}

// Find returns the device matching the given name.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) Find(name string) types.BaseVirtualDevice {
	for _, device := range l {
		if l.Name(device) == name {
			return device
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// FindByKey returns the device matching the given key.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) FindByKey(key int32) types.BaseVirtualDevice {
	for _, device := range l {
		if device.GetVirtualDevice().Key == key {
			return device
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// FindIDEController will find the named IDE controller if given, otherwise will pick an available controller.
// An error is returned if the named controller is not found or not an IDE controller.  Or, if name is not
// given and no available controller can be found.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) FindIDEController(name string) (*types.VirtualIDEController, error) {
	if name != "" {
		d := l.Find(name)
		if d == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("device '%s' not found", name)
		}
		if c, ok := d.(*types.VirtualIDEController); ok {
			return c, nil
		}
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not an IDE controller", name)
	}

	c := l.PickController((*types.VirtualIDEController)(nil))
	if c == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("no available IDE controller")
	}

	return c.(*types.VirtualIDEController), nil
}

// CreateIDEController creates a new IDE controller.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) CreateIDEController() (types.BaseVirtualDevice, error) {
	ide := &types.VirtualIDEController{}
	ide.Key = l.NewKey()
	return ide, nil
}

// FindSCSIController will find the named SCSI controller if given, otherwise will pick an available controller.
// An error is returned if the named controller is not found or not an SCSI controller.  Or, if name is not
// given and no available controller can be found.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) FindSCSIController(name string) (*types.VirtualSCSIController, error) {
	if name != "" {
		d := l.Find(name)
		if d == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("device '%s' not found", name)
		}
		if c, ok := d.(types.BaseVirtualSCSIController); ok {
			return c.GetVirtualSCSIController(), nil
		}
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not an SCSI controller", name)
	}

	c := l.PickController((*types.VirtualSCSIController)(nil))
	if c == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("no available SCSI controller")
	}

	return c.(types.BaseVirtualSCSIController).GetVirtualSCSIController(), nil
}

// CreateSCSIController creates a new SCSI controller of type name if given, otherwise defaults to lsilogic.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) CreateSCSIController(name string) (types.BaseVirtualDevice, error) {
	ctypes := SCSIControllerTypes()

	if name == "" || name == "scsi" {
		name = ctypes.Type(ctypes[0])
	} else if name == "virtualscsi" {
		name = "pvscsi" // ovf VirtualSCSI mapping
	}

	found := ctypes.Select(func(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) bool {
		return l.Type(device) == name
	})

	if len(found) == 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown SCSI controller type '%s'", name)
	}

	c, ok := found[0].(types.BaseVirtualSCSIController)
	if !ok {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid SCSI controller type '%s'", name)
	}

	scsi := c.GetVirtualSCSIController()
	scsi.BusNumber = l.newSCSIBusNumber()
	scsi.Key = l.NewKey()
	scsi.ScsiCtlrUnitNumber = 7
	return c.(types.BaseVirtualDevice), nil
}

var scsiBusNumbers = []int{0, 1, 2, 3}

// newSCSIBusNumber returns the bus number to use for adding a new SCSI bus device.
// -1 is returned if there are no bus numbers available.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) newSCSIBusNumber() int32 {
	var used []int

	for _, d := range l.SelectByType((*types.VirtualSCSIController)(nil)) {
		num := d.(types.BaseVirtualSCSIController).GetVirtualSCSIController().BusNumber
		if num >= 0 {
			used = append(used, int(num))
		} // else caller is creating a new vm using SCSIControllerTypes
	}

	sort.Ints(used)

	for i, n := range scsiBusNumbers {
		if i == len(used) || n != used[i] {
			return int32(n)
		}
	}

	return -1
}

// FindNVMEController will find the named NVME controller if given, otherwise will pick an available controller.
// An error is returned if the named controller is not found or not an NVME controller.  Or, if name is not
// given and no available controller can be found.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) FindNVMEController(name string) (*types.VirtualNVMEController, error) {
	if name != "" {
		d := l.Find(name)
		if d == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("device '%s' not found", name)
		}
		if c, ok := d.(*types.VirtualNVMEController); ok {
			return c, nil
		}
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not an NVME controller", name)
	}

	c := l.PickController((*types.VirtualNVMEController)(nil))
	if c == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("no available NVME controller")
	}

	return c.(*types.VirtualNVMEController), nil
}

// CreateNVMEController creates a new NVMWE controller.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) CreateNVMEController() (types.BaseVirtualDevice, error) {
	nvme := &types.VirtualNVMEController{}
	nvme.BusNumber = l.newNVMEBusNumber()
	nvme.Key = l.NewKey()

	return nvme, nil
}

var nvmeBusNumbers = []int{0, 1, 2, 3}

// newNVMEBusNumber returns the bus number to use for adding a new NVME bus device.
// -1 is returned if there are no bus numbers available.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) newNVMEBusNumber() int32 {
	var used []int

	for _, d := range l.SelectByType((*types.VirtualNVMEController)(nil)) {
		num := d.(types.BaseVirtualController).GetVirtualController().BusNumber
		if num >= 0 {
			used = append(used, int(num))
		} // else caller is creating a new vm using NVMEControllerTypes
	}

	sort.Ints(used)

	for i, n := range nvmeBusNumbers {
		if i == len(used) || n != used[i] {
			return int32(n)
		}
	}

	return -1
}

// FindSATAController will find the named SATA or AHCI controller if given, otherwise will pick an available controller.
// An error is returned if the named controller is not found or not a SATA or AHCI controller. Or, if name is not
// given and no available controller can be found.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) FindSATAController(name string) (types.BaseVirtualController, error) {
	if name != "" {
		d := l.Find(name)
		if d == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("device '%s' not found", name)
		}
		switch c := d.(type) {
		case *types.VirtualSATAController:
			return c, nil
		case *types.VirtualAHCIController:
			return c, nil
		default:
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not a SATA or AHCI controller", name)
		}
	}

	c := l.PickController((*types.VirtualSATAController)(nil))
	if c == nil {
		c = l.PickController((*types.VirtualAHCIController)(nil))
	}
	if c == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("no available SATA or AHCI controller")
	}

	switch c := c.(type) {
	case *types.VirtualSATAController:
		return c, nil
	case *types.VirtualAHCIController:
		return c, nil
	}

	return nil, errors.New("unexpected controller type")
}

// CreateSATAController creates a new SATA controller.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) CreateSATAController() (types.BaseVirtualDevice, error) {
	sata := &types.VirtualAHCIController{}
	sata.BusNumber = l.newSATABusNumber()
	if sata.BusNumber == -1 {
		return nil, errors.New("no bus numbers available")
	}

	sata.Key = l.NewKey()

	return sata, nil
}

var sataBusNumbers = []int{0, 1, 2, 3}

// newSATABusNumber returns the bus number to use for adding a new SATA bus device.
// -1 is returned if there are no bus numbers available.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) newSATABusNumber() int32 {
	var used []int

	for _, d := range l.SelectByType((*types.VirtualSATAController)(nil)) {
		num := d.(types.BaseVirtualController).GetVirtualController().BusNumber
		if num >= 0 {
			used = append(used, int(num))
		} // else caller is creating a new vm using SATAControllerTypes
	}

	sort.Ints(used)

	for i, n := range sataBusNumbers {
		if i == len(used) || n != used[i] {
			return int32(n)
		}
	}

	return -1
}

// FindDiskController will find an existing ide or scsi disk controller.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) FindDiskController(name string) (types.BaseVirtualController, error) {
	switch {
	case name == "ide":
		return l.FindIDEController("")
	case name == "scsi" || name == "":
		return l.FindSCSIController("")
	case name == "nvme":
		return l.FindNVMEController("")
	case name == "sata":
		return l.FindSATAController("")
	default:
		if c, ok := l.Find(name).(types.BaseVirtualController); ok {
			return c, nil
		}
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not a valid controller", name)
	}
}

// PickController returns a controller of the given type(s).
// If no controllers are found or have no available slots, then nil is returned.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) PickController(kind types.BaseVirtualController) types.BaseVirtualController {
	l = l.SelectByType(kind.(types.BaseVirtualDevice)).Select(func(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) bool {
		num := len(device.(types.BaseVirtualController).GetVirtualController().Device)

		switch device.(type) {
		case types.BaseVirtualSCSIController:
			return num < 15
		case *types.VirtualIDEController:
			return num < 2
		case types.BaseVirtualSATAController:
			return num < 30
		case *types.VirtualNVMEController:
			return num < 8
		default:
			return true
		}
	})

	if len(l) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	return l[0].(types.BaseVirtualController)
}

// newUnitNumber returns the unit number to use for attaching a new device to the given controller.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) newUnitNumber(c types.BaseVirtualController, offset int) int32 {
	units := make([]bool, 30)

	for i := 0; i < offset; i++ {
		units[i] = true
	}

	switch sc := c.(type) {
	case types.BaseVirtualSCSIController:
		//  The SCSI controller sits on its own bus
		units[sc.GetVirtualSCSIController().ScsiCtlrUnitNumber] = true
	}

	key := c.GetVirtualController().Key

	for _, device := range l {
		d := device.GetVirtualDevice()

		if d.ControllerKey == key && d.UnitNumber != nil {
			units[int(*d.UnitNumber)] = true
		}
	}

	for unit, used := range units {
		if !used {
			return int32(unit)
		}
	}

	return -1
}

// NewKey returns the key to use for adding a new device to the device list.
// The device list we're working with here may not be complete (e.g. when
// we're only adding new devices), so any positive keys could conflict with device keys
// that are already in use. To avoid this type of conflict, we can use negative keys
// here, which will be resolved to positive keys by vSphere as the reconfiguration is done.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) NewKey() int32 {
	var key int32 = -200

	for _, device := range l {
		d := device.GetVirtualDevice()
		if d.Key < key {
			key = d.Key
		}
	}

	return key - 1
}

// AssignController assigns a device to a controller.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) AssignController(device types.BaseVirtualDevice, c types.BaseVirtualController) {
	d := device.GetVirtualDevice()
	d.ControllerKey = c.GetVirtualController().Key
	d.UnitNumber = new(int32)

	offset := 0
	switch device.(type) {
	case types.BaseVirtualEthernetCard:
		offset = 7
	}
	*d.UnitNumber = l.newUnitNumber(c, offset)

	if d.Key == 0 {
		d.Key = l.newRandomKey()
	}

	c.GetVirtualController().Device = append(c.GetVirtualController().Device, d.Key)
}

// newRandomKey returns a random negative device key.
// The generated key can be used for devices you want to add so that it does not collide with existing ones.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) newRandomKey() int32 {
	// NOTE: rand.Uint32 cannot be used here because conversion from uint32 to int32 may change the sign
	key := rand.Int31() * -1
	if key == 0 {
		return -1
	}

	return key
}

// CreateDisk creates a new VirtualDisk device which can be added to a VM.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) CreateDisk(c types.BaseVirtualController, ds types.ManagedObjectReference, name string) *types.VirtualDisk {
	// If name is not specified, one will be chosen for you.
	// But if when given, make sure it ends in .vmdk, otherwise it will be treated as a directory.
	if len(name) > 0 && filepath.Ext(name) != ".vmdk" {
		name += ".vmdk"
	}

	bi := types.VirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo{
		FileName: name,
	}

	if ds.Value != "" {
		bi.Datastore = &ds
	}

	device := &types.VirtualDisk{
		VirtualDevice: types.VirtualDevice{
			Backing: &types.VirtualDiskFlatVer2BackingInfo{
				DiskMode:                     string(types.VirtualDiskModePersistent),
				ThinProvisioned:              types.NewBool(true),
				VirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo: bi,
			},
		},
	}

	l.AssignController(device, c)
	return device
}

// ChildDisk creates a new VirtualDisk device, linked to the given parent disk, which can be added to a VM.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) ChildDisk(parent *types.VirtualDisk) *types.VirtualDisk {
	disk := *parent
	backing := disk.Backing.(*types.VirtualDiskFlatVer2BackingInfo)
	p := new(DatastorePath)
	p.FromString(backing.FileName)
	p.Path = ""

	// Use specified disk as parent backing to a new disk.
	disk.Backing = &types.VirtualDiskFlatVer2BackingInfo{
		VirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo: types.VirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo{
			FileName:  p.String(),
			Datastore: backing.Datastore,
		},
		Parent:          backing,
		DiskMode:        backing.DiskMode,
		ThinProvisioned: backing.ThinProvisioned,
	}

	return &disk
}

func (l VirtualDeviceList) connectivity(device types.BaseVirtualDevice, v bool) error {
	c := device.GetVirtualDevice().Connectable
	if c == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("%s is not connectable", l.Name(device))
	}

	c.Connected = v
	c.StartConnected = v

	return nil
}

// Connect changes the device to connected, returns an error if the device is not connectable.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) Connect(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) error {
	return l.connectivity(device, true)
}

// Disconnect changes the device to disconnected, returns an error if the device is not connectable.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) Disconnect(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) error {
	return l.connectivity(device, false)
}

// FindCdrom finds a cdrom device with the given name, defaulting to the first cdrom device if any.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) FindCdrom(name string) (*types.VirtualCdrom, error) {
	if name != "" {
		d := l.Find(name)
		if d == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("device '%s' not found", name)
		}
		if c, ok := d.(*types.VirtualCdrom); ok {
			return c, nil
		}
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not a cdrom device", name)
	}

	c := l.SelectByType((*types.VirtualCdrom)(nil))
	if len(c) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("no cdrom device found")
	}

	return c[0].(*types.VirtualCdrom), nil
}

// CreateCdrom creates a new VirtualCdrom device which can be added to a VM.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) CreateCdrom(c types.BaseVirtualController) (*types.VirtualCdrom, error) {
	device := &types.VirtualCdrom{}

	l.AssignController(device, c)

	l.setDefaultCdromBacking(device)

	device.Connectable = &types.VirtualDeviceConnectInfo{
		AllowGuestControl: true,
		Connected:         true,
		StartConnected:    true,
	}

	return device, nil
}

// InsertIso changes the cdrom device backing to use the given iso file.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) InsertIso(device *types.VirtualCdrom, iso string) *types.VirtualCdrom {
	device.Backing = &types.VirtualCdromIsoBackingInfo{
		VirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo: types.VirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo{
			FileName: iso,
		},
	}

	return device
}

// EjectIso removes the iso file based backing and replaces with the default cdrom backing.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) EjectIso(device *types.VirtualCdrom) *types.VirtualCdrom {
	l.setDefaultCdromBacking(device)
	return device
}

func (l VirtualDeviceList) setDefaultCdromBacking(device *types.VirtualCdrom) {
	device.Backing = &types.VirtualCdromAtapiBackingInfo{
		VirtualDeviceDeviceBackingInfo: types.VirtualDeviceDeviceBackingInfo{
			DeviceName:    fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d-%d", DeviceTypeCdrom, device.ControllerKey, device.UnitNumber),
			UseAutoDetect: types.NewBool(false),
		},
	}
}

// FindFloppy finds a floppy device with the given name, defaulting to the first floppy device if any.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) FindFloppy(name string) (*types.VirtualFloppy, error) {
	if name != "" {
		d := l.Find(name)
		if d == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("device '%s' not found", name)
		}
		if c, ok := d.(*types.VirtualFloppy); ok {
			return c, nil
		}
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not a floppy device", name)
	}

	c := l.SelectByType((*types.VirtualFloppy)(nil))
	if len(c) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("no floppy device found")
	}

	return c[0].(*types.VirtualFloppy), nil
}

// CreateFloppy creates a new VirtualFloppy device which can be added to a VM.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) CreateFloppy() (*types.VirtualFloppy, error) {
	device := &types.VirtualFloppy{}

	c := l.PickController((*types.VirtualSIOController)(nil))
	if c == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("no available SIO controller")
	}

	l.AssignController(device, c)

	l.setDefaultFloppyBacking(device)

	device.Connectable = &types.VirtualDeviceConnectInfo{
		AllowGuestControl: true,
		Connected:         true,
		StartConnected:    true,
	}

	return device, nil
}

// InsertImg changes the floppy device backing to use the given img file.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) InsertImg(device *types.VirtualFloppy, img string) *types.VirtualFloppy {
	device.Backing = &types.VirtualFloppyImageBackingInfo{
		VirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo: types.VirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo{
			FileName: img,
		},
	}

	return device
}

// EjectImg removes the img file based backing and replaces with the default floppy backing.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) EjectImg(device *types.VirtualFloppy) *types.VirtualFloppy {
	l.setDefaultFloppyBacking(device)
	return device
}

func (l VirtualDeviceList) setDefaultFloppyBacking(device *types.VirtualFloppy) {
	device.Backing = &types.VirtualFloppyDeviceBackingInfo{
		VirtualDeviceDeviceBackingInfo: types.VirtualDeviceDeviceBackingInfo{
			DeviceName:    fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", DeviceTypeFloppy, device.UnitNumber),
			UseAutoDetect: types.NewBool(false),
		},
	}
}

// FindSerialPort finds a serial port device with the given name, defaulting to the first serial port device if any.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) FindSerialPort(name string) (*types.VirtualSerialPort, error) {
	if name != "" {
		d := l.Find(name)
		if d == nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("device '%s' not found", name)
		}
		if c, ok := d.(*types.VirtualSerialPort); ok {
			return c, nil
		}
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not a serial port device", name)
	}

	c := l.SelectByType((*types.VirtualSerialPort)(nil))
	if len(c) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("no serial port device found")
	}

	return c[0].(*types.VirtualSerialPort), nil
}

// CreateSerialPort creates a new VirtualSerialPort device which can be added to a VM.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) CreateSerialPort() (*types.VirtualSerialPort, error) {
	device := &types.VirtualSerialPort{
		YieldOnPoll: true,
	}

	c := l.PickController((*types.VirtualSIOController)(nil))
	if c == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("no available SIO controller")
	}

	l.AssignController(device, c)

	l.setDefaultSerialPortBacking(device)

	return device, nil
}

// ConnectSerialPort connects a serial port to a server or client uri.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) ConnectSerialPort(device *types.VirtualSerialPort, uri string, client bool, proxyuri string) *types.VirtualSerialPort {
	if strings.HasPrefix(uri, "[") {
		device.Backing = &types.VirtualSerialPortFileBackingInfo{
			VirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo: types.VirtualDeviceFileBackingInfo{
				FileName: uri,
			},
		}

		return device
	}

	direction := types.VirtualDeviceURIBackingOptionDirectionServer
	if client {
		direction = types.VirtualDeviceURIBackingOptionDirectionClient
	}

	device.Backing = &types.VirtualSerialPortURIBackingInfo{
		VirtualDeviceURIBackingInfo: types.VirtualDeviceURIBackingInfo{
			Direction:  string(direction),
			ServiceURI: uri,
			ProxyURI:   proxyuri,
		},
	}

	return device
}

// DisconnectSerialPort disconnects the serial port backing.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) DisconnectSerialPort(device *types.VirtualSerialPort) *types.VirtualSerialPort {
	l.setDefaultSerialPortBacking(device)
	return device
}

func (l VirtualDeviceList) setDefaultSerialPortBacking(device *types.VirtualSerialPort) {
	device.Backing = &types.VirtualSerialPortURIBackingInfo{
		VirtualDeviceURIBackingInfo: types.VirtualDeviceURIBackingInfo{
			Direction:  "client",
			ServiceURI: "localhost:0",
		},
	}
}

// CreateEthernetCard creates a new VirtualEthernetCard of the given name name and initialized with the given backing.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) CreateEthernetCard(name string, backing types.BaseVirtualDeviceBackingInfo) (types.BaseVirtualDevice, error) {
	ctypes := EthernetCardTypes()

	if name == "" {
		name = ctypes.deviceName(ctypes[0])
	}

	found := ctypes.Select(func(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) bool {
		return l.deviceName(device) == name
	})

	if len(found) == 0 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown ethernet card type '%s'", name)
	}

	c, ok := found[0].(types.BaseVirtualEthernetCard)
	if !ok {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid ethernet card type '%s'", name)
	}

	c.GetVirtualEthernetCard().Backing = backing

	return c.(types.BaseVirtualDevice), nil
}

// PrimaryMacAddress returns the MacAddress field of the primary VirtualEthernetCard
func (l VirtualDeviceList) PrimaryMacAddress() string {
	eth0 := l.Find("ethernet-0")

	if eth0 == nil {
		return ""
	}

	return eth0.(types.BaseVirtualEthernetCard).GetVirtualEthernetCard().MacAddress
}

// convert a BaseVirtualDevice to a BaseVirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice
var bootableDevices = map[string]func(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) types.BaseVirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice{
	DeviceTypeNone: func(types.BaseVirtualDevice) types.BaseVirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice {
		return &types.VirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice{}
	},
	DeviceTypeCdrom: func(types.BaseVirtualDevice) types.BaseVirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice {
		return &types.VirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableCdromDevice{}
	},
	DeviceTypeDisk: func(d types.BaseVirtualDevice) types.BaseVirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice {
		return &types.VirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDiskDevice{
			DeviceKey: d.GetVirtualDevice().Key,
		}
	},
	DeviceTypeEthernet: func(d types.BaseVirtualDevice) types.BaseVirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice {
		return &types.VirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableEthernetDevice{
			DeviceKey: d.GetVirtualDevice().Key,
		}
	},
	DeviceTypeFloppy: func(types.BaseVirtualDevice) types.BaseVirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice {
		return &types.VirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableFloppyDevice{}
	},
}

// BootOrder returns a list of devices which can be used to set boot order via VirtualMachine.SetBootOptions.
// The order can be any of "ethernet", "cdrom", "floppy" or "disk" or by specific device name.
// A value of "-" will clear the existing boot order on the VC/ESX side.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) BootOrder(order []string) []types.BaseVirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice {
	var devices []types.BaseVirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice

	for _, name := range order {
		if kind, ok := bootableDevices[name]; ok {
			if name == DeviceTypeNone {
				// Not covered in the API docs, nor obvious, but this clears the boot order on the VC/ESX side.
				devices = append(devices, new(types.VirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice))
				continue
			}

			for _, device := range l {
				if l.Type(device) == name {
					devices = append(devices, kind(device))
				}
			}
			continue
		}

		if d := l.Find(name); d != nil {
			if kind, ok := bootableDevices[l.Type(d)]; ok {
				devices = append(devices, kind(d))
			}
		}
	}

	return devices
}

// SelectBootOrder returns an ordered list of devices matching the given bootable device order
func (l VirtualDeviceList) SelectBootOrder(order []types.BaseVirtualMachineBootOptionsBootableDevice) VirtualDeviceList {
	var devices VirtualDeviceList

	for _, bd := range order {
		for _, device := range l {
			if kind, ok := bootableDevices[l.Type(device)]; ok {
				if reflect.DeepEqual(kind(device), bd) {
					devices = append(devices, device)
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return devices
}

// TypeName returns the vmodl type name of the device
func (l VirtualDeviceList) TypeName(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) string {
	dtype := reflect.TypeOf(device)
	if dtype == nil {
		return ""
	}
	return dtype.Elem().Name()
}

var deviceNameRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`(?:Virtual)?(?:Machine)?(\w+?)(?:Card|EthernetCard|Device|Controller)?$`)

func (l VirtualDeviceList) deviceName(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) string {
	name := "device"
	typeName := l.TypeName(device)

	m := deviceNameRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(typeName)
	if len(m) == 2 {
		name = strings.ToLower(m[1])
	}

	return name
}

// Type returns a human-readable name for the given device
func (l VirtualDeviceList) Type(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) string {
	switch device.(type) {
	case types.BaseVirtualEthernetCard:
		return DeviceTypeEthernet
	case *types.ParaVirtualSCSIController:
		return "pvscsi"
	case *types.VirtualLsiLogicSASController:
		return "lsilogic-sas"
	case *types.VirtualPrecisionClock:
		return "clock"
	default:
		return l.deviceName(device)
	}
}

// Name returns a stable, human-readable name for the given device
func (l VirtualDeviceList) Name(device types.BaseVirtualDevice) string {
	var key string
	var UnitNumber int32
	d := device.GetVirtualDevice()
	if d.UnitNumber != nil {
		UnitNumber = *d.UnitNumber
	}

	dtype := l.Type(device)
	switch dtype {
	case DeviceTypeEthernet:
		// Ethernet devices of UnitNumber 7-19 are non-SRIOV. Ethernet devices of
		// UnitNumber 45-36 descending are SRIOV
		if UnitNumber <= 45 && UnitNumber >= 36 {
			key = fmt.Sprintf("sriov-%d", 45-UnitNumber)
		} else {
			key = fmt.Sprintf("%d", UnitNumber-7)
		}
	case DeviceTypeDisk:
		key = fmt.Sprintf("%d-%d", d.ControllerKey, UnitNumber)
	default:
		key = fmt.Sprintf("%d", d.Key)
	}

	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", dtype, key)
}

// ConfigSpec creates a virtual machine configuration spec for
// the specified operation, for the list of devices in the device list.
func (l VirtualDeviceList) ConfigSpec(op types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecOperation) ([]types.BaseVirtualDeviceConfigSpec, error) {
	var fop types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecFileOperation
	switch op {
	case types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecOperationAdd:
		fop = types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecFileOperationCreate
	case types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecOperationEdit:
		fop = types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecFileOperationReplace
	case types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecOperationRemove:
		fop = types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecFileOperationDestroy
	default:
		panic("unknown op")
	}

	var res []types.BaseVirtualDeviceConfigSpec
	for _, device := range l {
		config := &types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpec{
			Device:        device,
			Operation:     op,
			FileOperation: diskFileOperation(op, fop, device),
		}

		res = append(res, config)
	}

	return res, nil
}