github.com/vmware/govmomi@v0.51.0/object/virtual_machine.go

// © Broadcom. All Rights Reserved.
// The term “Broadcom” refers to Broadcom Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

package object

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"path"
	"strings"

	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/nfc"
	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/property"
	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/vim25"
	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/vim25/methods"
	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/vim25/mo"
	"github.com/vmware/govmomi/vim25/types"
)

const (
	PropRuntimePowerState = "summary.runtime.powerState"
	PropConfigTemplate    = "summary.config.template"
)

type VirtualMachine struct {
	Common
}

// extractDiskLayoutFiles is a helper function used to extract file keys for
// all disk files attached to the virtual machine at the current point of
// running.
func extractDiskLayoutFiles(diskLayoutList []types.VirtualMachineFileLayoutExDiskLayout) []int {
	var result []int

	for _, layoutExDisk := range diskLayoutList {
		for _, link := range layoutExDisk.Chain {
			for i := range link.FileKey { // diskDescriptor, diskExtent pairs
				result = append(result, int(link.FileKey[i]))
			}
		}
	}

	return result
}

// removeKey is a helper function for removing a specific file key from a list
// of keys associated with disks attached to a virtual machine.
func removeKey(l *[]int, key int) {
	for i, k := range *l {
		if k == key {
			*l = append((*l)[:i], (*l)[i+1:]...)
			break
		}
	}
}

func NewVirtualMachine(c *vim25.Client, ref types.ManagedObjectReference) *VirtualMachine {
	return &VirtualMachine{
		Common: NewCommon(c, ref),
	}
}

func (v VirtualMachine) PowerState(ctx context.Context) (types.VirtualMachinePowerState, error) {
	var o mo.VirtualMachine

	err := v.Properties(ctx, v.Reference(), []string{PropRuntimePowerState}, &o)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	return o.Summary.Runtime.PowerState, nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) IsTemplate(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
	var o mo.VirtualMachine

	err := v.Properties(ctx, v.Reference(), []string{PropConfigTemplate}, &o)
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}

	return o.Summary.Config.Template, nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) PowerOn(ctx context.Context) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.PowerOnVM_Task{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	res, err := methods.PowerOnVM_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) PowerOff(ctx context.Context) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.PowerOffVM_Task{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	res, err := methods.PowerOffVM_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) PutUsbScanCodes(ctx context.Context, spec types.UsbScanCodeSpec) (int32, error) {
	req := types.PutUsbScanCodes{
		This: v.Reference(),
		Spec: spec,
	}

	res, err := methods.PutUsbScanCodes(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	return res.Returnval, nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) Reset(ctx context.Context) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.ResetVM_Task{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	res, err := methods.ResetVM_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) Suspend(ctx context.Context) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.SuspendVM_Task{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	res, err := methods.SuspendVM_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) ShutdownGuest(ctx context.Context) error {
	req := types.ShutdownGuest{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	_, err := methods.ShutdownGuest(ctx, v.c, &req)
	return err
}

func (v VirtualMachine) StandbyGuest(ctx context.Context) error {
	req := types.StandbyGuest{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	_, err := methods.StandbyGuest(ctx, v.c, &req)
	return err
}

func (v VirtualMachine) RebootGuest(ctx context.Context) error {
	req := types.RebootGuest{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	_, err := methods.RebootGuest(ctx, v.c, &req)
	return err
}

func (v VirtualMachine) Destroy(ctx context.Context) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.Destroy_Task{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	res, err := methods.Destroy_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) Clone(ctx context.Context, folder *Folder, name string, config types.VirtualMachineCloneSpec) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.CloneVM_Task{
		This:   v.Reference(),
		Folder: folder.Reference(),
		Name:   name,
		Spec:   config,
	}

	res, err := methods.CloneVM_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) InstantClone(ctx context.Context, config types.VirtualMachineInstantCloneSpec) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.InstantClone_Task{
		This: v.Reference(),
		Spec: config,
	}

	res, err := methods.InstantClone_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) Customize(ctx context.Context, spec types.CustomizationSpec) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.CustomizeVM_Task{
		This: v.Reference(),
		Spec: spec,
	}

	res, err := methods.CustomizeVM_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) Relocate(ctx context.Context, config types.VirtualMachineRelocateSpec, priority types.VirtualMachineMovePriority) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.RelocateVM_Task{
		This:     v.Reference(),
		Spec:     config,
		Priority: priority,
	}

	res, err := methods.RelocateVM_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) Reconfigure(ctx context.Context, config types.VirtualMachineConfigSpec) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.ReconfigVM_Task{
		This: v.Reference(),
		Spec: config,
	}

	res, err := methods.ReconfigVM_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) RefreshStorageInfo(ctx context.Context) error {
	req := types.RefreshStorageInfo{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	_, err := methods.RefreshStorageInfo(ctx, v.c, &req)
	return err
}

// WaitForIP waits for the VM guest.ipAddress property to report an IP address.
// Waits for an IPv4 address if the v4 param is true.
func (v VirtualMachine) WaitForIP(ctx context.Context, v4 ...bool) (string, error) {
	var ip string

	p := property.DefaultCollector(v.c)
	err := property.Wait(ctx, p, v.Reference(), []string{"guest.ipAddress"}, func(pc []types.PropertyChange) bool {
		for _, c := range pc {
			if c.Name != "guest.ipAddress" {
				continue
			}
			if c.Op != types.PropertyChangeOpAssign {
				continue
			}
			if c.Val == nil {
				continue
			}

			ip = c.Val.(string)
			if len(v4) == 1 && v4[0] {
				if net.ParseIP(ip).To4() == nil {
					return false
				}
			}
			return true
		}

		return false
	})

	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	return ip, nil
}

// WaitForNetIP waits for the VM guest.net property to report an IP address for all VM NICs.
// Only consider IPv4 addresses if the v4 param is true.
// By default, wait for all NICs to get an IP address, unless 1 or more device is given.
// A device can be specified by the MAC address or the device name, e.g. "ethernet-0".
// Returns a map with MAC address as the key and IP address list as the value.
func (v VirtualMachine) WaitForNetIP(ctx context.Context, v4 bool, device ...string) (map[string][]string, error) {
	macs := make(map[string][]string)
	eths := make(map[string]string)

	p := property.DefaultCollector(v.c)

	// Wait for all NICs to have a MacAddress, which may not be generated yet.
	err := property.Wait(ctx, p, v.Reference(), []string{"config.hardware.device"}, func(pc []types.PropertyChange) bool {
		for _, c := range pc {
			if c.Op != types.PropertyChangeOpAssign {
				continue
			}

			devices := VirtualDeviceList(c.Val.(types.ArrayOfVirtualDevice).VirtualDevice)
			for _, d := range devices {
				if nic, ok := d.(types.BaseVirtualEthernetCard); ok {
					// Convert to lower so that e.g. 00:50:56:83:3A:5D is treated the
					// same as 00:50:56:83:3a:5d
					mac := strings.ToLower(nic.GetVirtualEthernetCard().MacAddress)
					if mac == "" {
						return false
					}
					macs[mac] = nil
					eths[devices.Name(d)] = mac
				}
			}
		}

		return true
	})

	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if len(device) != 0 {
		// Only wait for specific NIC(s)
		macs = make(map[string][]string)
		for _, mac := range device {
			if eth, ok := eths[mac]; ok {
				mac = eth // device name, e.g. "ethernet-0"
			}
			macs[mac] = nil
		}
	}

	err = property.Wait(ctx, p, v.Reference(), []string{"guest.net"}, func(pc []types.PropertyChange) bool {
		for _, c := range pc {
			if c.Op != types.PropertyChangeOpAssign {
				continue
			}

			nics := c.Val.(types.ArrayOfGuestNicInfo).GuestNicInfo
			for _, nic := range nics {
				// Convert to lower so that e.g. 00:50:56:83:3A:5D is treated the
				// same as 00:50:56:83:3a:5d
				mac := strings.ToLower(nic.MacAddress)
				if mac == "" || nic.IpConfig == nil {
					continue
				}

				for _, ip := range nic.IpConfig.IpAddress {
					if _, ok := macs[mac]; !ok {
						continue // Ignore any that don't correspond to a VM device
					}
					if v4 && net.ParseIP(ip.IpAddress).To4() == nil {
						continue // Ignore non IPv4 address
					}
					macs[mac] = append(macs[mac], ip.IpAddress)
				}
			}
		}

		for _, ips := range macs {
			if len(ips) == 0 {
				return false
			}
		}

		return true
	})

	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return macs, nil
}

// Device returns the VirtualMachine's config.hardware.device property.
func (v VirtualMachine) Device(ctx context.Context) (VirtualDeviceList, error) {
	var o mo.VirtualMachine

	err := v.Properties(ctx, v.Reference(), []string{"config.hardware.device", "summary.runtime.connectionState"}, &o)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Quoting the SDK doc:
	//   The virtual machine configuration is not guaranteed to be available.
	//   For example, the configuration information would be unavailable if the server
	//   is unable to access the virtual machine files on disk, and is often also unavailable
	//   during the initial phases of virtual machine creation.
	if o.Config == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s Config is not available, connectionState=%s",
			v.Reference(), o.Summary.Runtime.ConnectionState)
	}

	return VirtualDeviceList(o.Config.Hardware.Device), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) EnvironmentBrowser(ctx context.Context) (*EnvironmentBrowser, error) {
	var vm mo.VirtualMachine

	err := v.Properties(ctx, v.Reference(), []string{"environmentBrowser"}, &vm)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewEnvironmentBrowser(v.c, vm.EnvironmentBrowser), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) HostSystem(ctx context.Context) (*HostSystem, error) {
	var o mo.VirtualMachine

	err := v.Properties(ctx, v.Reference(), []string{"summary.runtime.host"}, &o)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	host := o.Summary.Runtime.Host
	if host == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("VM doesn't have a HostSystem")
	}

	return NewHostSystem(v.c, *host), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) ResourcePool(ctx context.Context) (*ResourcePool, error) {
	var o mo.VirtualMachine

	err := v.Properties(ctx, v.Reference(), []string{"resourcePool"}, &o)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	rp := o.ResourcePool
	if rp == nil {
		return nil, errors.New("VM doesn't have a resourcePool")
	}

	return NewResourcePool(v.c, *rp), nil
}

func diskFileOperation(op types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecOperation, fop types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecFileOperation, device types.BaseVirtualDevice) types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecFileOperation {
	if disk, ok := device.(*types.VirtualDisk); ok {
		// Special case to attach an existing disk
		if op == types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecOperationAdd && disk.CapacityInKB == 0 && disk.CapacityInBytes == 0 {
			childDisk := false
			if b, ok := disk.Backing.(*types.VirtualDiskFlatVer2BackingInfo); ok {
				childDisk = b.Parent != nil
			}

			if !childDisk {
				fop = "" // existing disk
			}
		}
		return fop
	}

	return ""
}

func (v VirtualMachine) configureDevice(ctx context.Context, profile []types.BaseVirtualMachineProfileSpec, op types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecOperation, fop types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecFileOperation, devices ...types.BaseVirtualDevice) error {
	spec := types.VirtualMachineConfigSpec{}

	for _, device := range devices {
		config := &types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpec{
			Device:        device,
			Operation:     op,
			FileOperation: diskFileOperation(op, fop, device),
			Profile:       profile,
		}

		spec.DeviceChange = append(spec.DeviceChange, config)
	}

	task, err := v.Reconfigure(ctx, spec)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return task.Wait(ctx)
}

// AddDevice adds the given devices to the VirtualMachine
func (v VirtualMachine) AddDevice(ctx context.Context, device ...types.BaseVirtualDevice) error {
	return v.AddDeviceWithProfile(ctx, nil, device...)
}

// AddDeviceWithProfile adds the given devices to the VirtualMachine with the given profile
func (v VirtualMachine) AddDeviceWithProfile(ctx context.Context, profile []types.BaseVirtualMachineProfileSpec, device ...types.BaseVirtualDevice) error {
	return v.configureDevice(ctx, profile, types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecOperationAdd, types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecFileOperationCreate, device...)
}

// EditDevice edits the given (existing) devices on the VirtualMachine
func (v VirtualMachine) EditDevice(ctx context.Context, device ...types.BaseVirtualDevice) error {
	return v.EditDeviceWithProfile(ctx, nil, device...)
}

// EditDeviceWithProfile edits the given (existing) devices on the VirtualMachine with the given profile
func (v VirtualMachine) EditDeviceWithProfile(ctx context.Context, profile []types.BaseVirtualMachineProfileSpec, device ...types.BaseVirtualDevice) error {
	return v.configureDevice(ctx, profile, types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecOperationEdit, types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecFileOperationReplace, device...)
}

// RemoveDevice removes the given devices on the VirtualMachine
func (v VirtualMachine) RemoveDevice(ctx context.Context, keepFiles bool, device ...types.BaseVirtualDevice) error {
	fop := types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecFileOperationDestroy
	if keepFiles {
		fop = ""
	}
	return v.configureDevice(ctx, nil, types.VirtualDeviceConfigSpecOperationRemove, fop, device...)
}

// AttachDisk attaches the given disk to the VirtualMachine
func (v VirtualMachine) AttachDisk(ctx context.Context, id string, datastore *Datastore, controllerKey int32, unitNumber *int32) error {
	req := types.AttachDisk_Task{
		This:          v.Reference(),
		DiskId:        types.ID{Id: id},
		Datastore:     datastore.Reference(),
		ControllerKey: controllerKey,
		UnitNumber:    unitNumber,
	}

	res, err := methods.AttachDisk_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	task := NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval)
	return task.Wait(ctx)
}

// DetachDisk detaches the given disk from the VirtualMachine
func (v VirtualMachine) DetachDisk(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
	req := types.DetachDisk_Task{
		This:   v.Reference(),
		DiskId: types.ID{Id: id},
	}

	res, err := methods.DetachDisk_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	task := NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval)
	return task.Wait(ctx)
}

// BootOptions returns the VirtualMachine's config.bootOptions property.
func (v VirtualMachine) BootOptions(ctx context.Context) (*types.VirtualMachineBootOptions, error) {
	var o mo.VirtualMachine

	err := v.Properties(ctx, v.Reference(), []string{"config.bootOptions"}, &o)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return o.Config.BootOptions, nil
}

// SetBootOptions reconfigures the VirtualMachine with the given options.
func (v VirtualMachine) SetBootOptions(ctx context.Context, options *types.VirtualMachineBootOptions) error {
	spec := types.VirtualMachineConfigSpec{}

	spec.BootOptions = options

	task, err := v.Reconfigure(ctx, spec)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return task.Wait(ctx)
}

// Answer answers a pending question.
func (v VirtualMachine) Answer(ctx context.Context, id, answer string) error {
	req := types.AnswerVM{
		This:         v.Reference(),
		QuestionId:   id,
		AnswerChoice: answer,
	}

	_, err := methods.AnswerVM(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) AcquireTicket(ctx context.Context, kind string) (*types.VirtualMachineTicket, error) {
	req := types.AcquireTicket{
		This:       v.Reference(),
		TicketType: kind,
	}

	res, err := methods.AcquireTicket(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &res.Returnval, nil
}

// CreateSnapshot creates a new snapshot of a virtual machine.
func (v VirtualMachine) CreateSnapshot(ctx context.Context, name string, description string, memory bool, quiesce bool) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.CreateSnapshot_Task{
		This:        v.Reference(),
		Name:        name,
		Description: description,
		Memory:      memory,
		Quiesce:     quiesce,
	}

	res, err := methods.CreateSnapshot_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

// CreateSnapshotEx creates a new snapshot of a virtual machine.
func (v VirtualMachine) CreateSnapshotEx(ctx context.Context, name string, description string, memory bool, quiesceSpec types.BaseVirtualMachineGuestQuiesceSpec) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.CreateSnapshotEx_Task{
		This:        v.Reference(),
		Name:        name,
		Description: description,
		Memory:      memory,
		QuiesceSpec: quiesceSpec,
	}

	res, err := methods.CreateSnapshotEx_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

// RemoveAllSnapshot removes all snapshots of a virtual machine
func (v VirtualMachine) RemoveAllSnapshot(ctx context.Context, consolidate *bool) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.RemoveAllSnapshots_Task{
		This:        v.Reference(),
		Consolidate: consolidate,
	}

	res, err := methods.RemoveAllSnapshots_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

type snapshotMap map[string][]types.ManagedObjectReference

func (m snapshotMap) add(parent string, tree []types.VirtualMachineSnapshotTree) {
	for i, st := range tree {
		sname := st.Name
		names := []string{sname, st.Snapshot.Value}

		if parent != "" {
			sname = path.Join(parent, sname)
			// Add full path as an option to resolve duplicate names
			names = append(names, sname)
		}

		for _, name := range names {
			m[name] = append(m[name], tree[i].Snapshot)
		}

		m.add(sname, st.ChildSnapshotList)
	}
}

// SnapshotSize calculates the size of a given snapshot in bytes. If the
// snapshot is current, disk files not associated with any parent snapshot are
// included in size calculations. This allows for measuring and including the
// growth from the last fixed snapshot to the present state.
func SnapshotSize(info types.ManagedObjectReference, parent *types.ManagedObjectReference, vmlayout *types.VirtualMachineFileLayoutEx, isCurrent bool) int {
	var fileKeyList []int
	var parentFiles []int
	var allSnapshotFiles []int

	diskFiles := extractDiskLayoutFiles(vmlayout.Disk)

	for _, layout := range vmlayout.Snapshot {
		diskLayout := extractDiskLayoutFiles(layout.Disk)
		allSnapshotFiles = append(allSnapshotFiles, diskLayout...)

		if layout.Key.Value == info.Value {
			fileKeyList = append(fileKeyList, int(layout.DataKey)) // The .vmsn file
			fileKeyList = append(fileKeyList, diskLayout...)       // The .vmdk files
		} else if parent != nil && layout.Key.Value == parent.Value {
			parentFiles = append(parentFiles, diskLayout...)
		}
	}

	for _, parentFile := range parentFiles {
		removeKey(&fileKeyList, parentFile)
	}

	for _, file := range allSnapshotFiles {
		removeKey(&diskFiles, file)
	}

	fileKeyMap := make(map[int]types.VirtualMachineFileLayoutExFileInfo)
	for _, file := range vmlayout.File {
		fileKeyMap[int(file.Key)] = file
	}

	size := 0

	for _, fileKey := range fileKeyList {
		file := fileKeyMap[fileKey]
		if parent != nil ||
			(file.Type != string(types.VirtualMachineFileLayoutExFileTypeDiskDescriptor) &&
				file.Type != string(types.VirtualMachineFileLayoutExFileTypeDiskExtent)) {
			size += int(file.Size)
		}
	}

	if isCurrent {
		for _, diskFile := range diskFiles {
			file := fileKeyMap[diskFile]
			size += int(file.Size)
		}
	}

	return size
}

// FindSnapshot supports snapshot lookup by name, where name can be:
// 1) snapshot ManagedObjectReference.Value (unique)
// 2) snapshot name (may not be unique)
// 3) snapshot tree path (may not be unique)
func (v VirtualMachine) FindSnapshot(ctx context.Context, name string) (*types.ManagedObjectReference, error) {
	var o mo.VirtualMachine

	err := v.Properties(ctx, v.Reference(), []string{"snapshot"}, &o)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if o.Snapshot == nil || len(o.Snapshot.RootSnapshotList) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("no snapshots for this VM")
	}

	m := make(snapshotMap)
	m.add("", o.Snapshot.RootSnapshotList)

	s := m[name]
	switch len(s) {
	case 0:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("snapshot %q not found", name)
	case 1:
		return &s[0], nil
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q resolves to %d snapshots", name, len(s))
	}
}

// RemoveSnapshot removes a named snapshot
func (v VirtualMachine) RemoveSnapshot(ctx context.Context, name string, removeChildren bool, consolidate *bool) (*Task, error) {
	snapshot, err := v.FindSnapshot(ctx, name)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	req := types.RemoveSnapshot_Task{
		This:           snapshot.Reference(),
		RemoveChildren: removeChildren,
		Consolidate:    consolidate,
	}

	res, err := methods.RemoveSnapshot_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

// RevertToCurrentSnapshot reverts to the current snapshot
func (v VirtualMachine) RevertToCurrentSnapshot(ctx context.Context, suppressPowerOn bool) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.RevertToCurrentSnapshot_Task{
		This:            v.Reference(),
		SuppressPowerOn: types.NewBool(suppressPowerOn),
	}

	res, err := methods.RevertToCurrentSnapshot_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

// RevertToSnapshot reverts to a named snapshot
func (v VirtualMachine) RevertToSnapshot(ctx context.Context, name string, suppressPowerOn bool) (*Task, error) {
	snapshot, err := v.FindSnapshot(ctx, name)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	req := types.RevertToSnapshot_Task{
		This:            snapshot.Reference(),
		SuppressPowerOn: types.NewBool(suppressPowerOn),
	}

	res, err := methods.RevertToSnapshot_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

// IsToolsRunning returns true if VMware Tools is currently running in the guest OS, and false otherwise.
func (v VirtualMachine) IsToolsRunning(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
	var o mo.VirtualMachine

	err := v.Properties(ctx, v.Reference(), []string{"guest.toolsRunningStatus"}, &o)
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}

	return o.Guest.ToolsRunningStatus == string(types.VirtualMachineToolsRunningStatusGuestToolsRunning), nil
}

// Wait for the VirtualMachine to change to the desired power state.
func (v VirtualMachine) WaitForPowerState(ctx context.Context, state types.VirtualMachinePowerState) error {
	p := property.DefaultCollector(v.c)
	err := property.Wait(ctx, p, v.Reference(), []string{PropRuntimePowerState}, func(pc []types.PropertyChange) bool {
		for _, c := range pc {
			if c.Name != PropRuntimePowerState {
				continue
			}
			if c.Val == nil {
				continue
			}

			ps := c.Val.(types.VirtualMachinePowerState)
			if ps == state {
				return true
			}
		}
		return false
	})

	return err
}

func (v VirtualMachine) MarkAsTemplate(ctx context.Context) error {
	req := types.MarkAsTemplate{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	_, err := methods.MarkAsTemplate(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) MarkAsVirtualMachine(ctx context.Context, pool ResourcePool, host *HostSystem) error {
	req := types.MarkAsVirtualMachine{
		This: v.Reference(),
		Pool: pool.Reference(),
	}

	if host != nil {
		ref := host.Reference()
		req.Host = &ref
	}

	_, err := methods.MarkAsVirtualMachine(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) Migrate(ctx context.Context, pool *ResourcePool, host *HostSystem, priority types.VirtualMachineMovePriority, state types.VirtualMachinePowerState) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.MigrateVM_Task{
		This:     v.Reference(),
		Priority: priority,
		State:    state,
	}

	if pool != nil {
		ref := pool.Reference()
		req.Pool = &ref
	}

	if host != nil {
		ref := host.Reference()
		req.Host = &ref
	}

	res, err := methods.MigrateVM_Task(ctx, v.c, &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) Unregister(ctx context.Context) error {
	req := types.UnregisterVM{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	_, err := methods.UnregisterVM(ctx, v.Client(), &req)
	return err
}

func (v VirtualMachine) MountToolsInstaller(ctx context.Context) error {
	req := types.MountToolsInstaller{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	_, err := methods.MountToolsInstaller(ctx, v.Client(), &req)
	return err
}

func (v VirtualMachine) UnmountToolsInstaller(ctx context.Context) error {
	req := types.UnmountToolsInstaller{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	_, err := methods.UnmountToolsInstaller(ctx, v.Client(), &req)
	return err
}

func (v VirtualMachine) UpgradeTools(ctx context.Context, options string) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.UpgradeTools_Task{
		This:             v.Reference(),
		InstallerOptions: options,
	}

	res, err := methods.UpgradeTools_Task(ctx, v.Client(), &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) Export(ctx context.Context) (*nfc.Lease, error) {
	req := types.ExportVm{
		This: v.Reference(),
	}

	res, err := methods.ExportVm(ctx, v.Client(), &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return nfc.NewLease(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

func (v VirtualMachine) UpgradeVM(ctx context.Context, version string) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.UpgradeVM_Task{
		This:    v.Reference(),
		Version: version,
	}

	res, err := methods.UpgradeVM_Task(ctx, v.Client(), &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.c, res.Returnval), nil
}

// UUID is a helper to get the UUID of the VirtualMachine managed object.
// This method returns an empty string if an error occurs when retrieving UUID from the VirtualMachine object.
func (v VirtualMachine) UUID(ctx context.Context) string {
	var o mo.VirtualMachine

	err := v.Properties(ctx, v.Reference(), []string{"config.uuid"}, &o)
	if err != nil {
		return ""
	}
	if o.Config != nil {
		return o.Config.Uuid
	}
	return ""
}

func (v VirtualMachine) QueryChangedDiskAreas(ctx context.Context, baseSnapshot, curSnapshot *types.ManagedObjectReference, disk *types.VirtualDisk, offset int64) (types.DiskChangeInfo, error) {
	var noChange types.DiskChangeInfo
	var err error

	if offset > disk.CapacityInBytes {
		return noChange, fmt.Errorf("offset is greater than the disk size (%#x and %#x)", offset, disk.CapacityInBytes)
	} else if offset == disk.CapacityInBytes {
		return types.DiskChangeInfo{StartOffset: offset, Length: 0}, nil
	}

	var b mo.VirtualMachineSnapshot
	err = v.Properties(ctx, baseSnapshot.Reference(), []string{"config.hardware"}, &b)
	if err != nil {
		return noChange, fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch config.hardware of snapshot %s: %s", baseSnapshot, err)
	}

	var changeId *string
	for _, vd := range b.Config.Hardware.Device {
		d := vd.GetVirtualDevice()
		if d.Key != disk.Key {
			continue
		}

		// As per VDDK programming guide, these are the four types of disks
		// that support CBT, see "Gathering Changed Block Information".
		if b, ok := d.Backing.(*types.VirtualDiskFlatVer2BackingInfo); ok {
			changeId = &b.ChangeId
			break
		}
		if b, ok := d.Backing.(*types.VirtualDiskSparseVer2BackingInfo); ok {
			changeId = &b.ChangeId
			break
		}
		if b, ok := d.Backing.(*types.VirtualDiskRawDiskMappingVer1BackingInfo); ok {
			changeId = &b.ChangeId
			break
		}
		if b, ok := d.Backing.(*types.VirtualDiskRawDiskVer2BackingInfo); ok {
			changeId = &b.ChangeId
			break
		}

		return noChange, fmt.Errorf("disk %d has backing info without .ChangeId: %t", disk.Key, d.Backing)
	}
	if changeId == nil || *changeId == "" {
		return noChange, fmt.Errorf("CBT is not enabled on disk %d", disk.Key)
	}

	req := types.QueryChangedDiskAreas{
		This:        v.Reference(),
		Snapshot:    curSnapshot,
		DeviceKey:   disk.Key,
		StartOffset: offset,
		ChangeId:    *changeId,
	}

	res, err := methods.QueryChangedDiskAreas(ctx, v.Client(), &req)
	if err != nil {
		return noChange, err
	}

	return res.Returnval, nil
}

// ExportSnapshot exports all VMDK-files up to (but not including) a specified snapshot. This
// is useful when exporting a running VM.
func (v *VirtualMachine) ExportSnapshot(ctx context.Context, snapshot *types.ManagedObjectReference) (*nfc.Lease, error) {
	req := types.ExportSnapshot{
		This: *snapshot,
	}
	resp, err := methods.ExportSnapshot(ctx, v.Client(), &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return nfc.NewLease(v.c, resp.Returnval), nil
}

func (v *VirtualMachine) PromoteDisks(ctx context.Context, unlink bool, disks []types.VirtualDisk) (*Task, error) {
	req := types.PromoteDisks_Task{
		This:   v.Reference(),
		Unlink: unlink,
		Disks:  disks,
	}

	res, err := methods.PromoteDisks_Task(ctx, v.Client(), &req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return NewTask(v.Client(), res.Returnval), nil
}