github.com/yanyiwu/go@v0.0.0-20150106053140-03d6637dbb7f/test/escape2n.go (about)

     1  // errorcheck -0 -N -m -l
     2  
     3  // Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
     4  // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
     5  // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
     6  
     7  // Test, using compiler diagnostic flags, that the escape analysis is working.
     8  // Compiles but does not run.  Inlining is disabled.
     9  // Registerization is disabled too (-N), which should
    10  // have no effect on escape analysis.
    11  
    12  package foo
    13  
    14  import (
    15  	"fmt"
    16  	"unsafe"
    17  )
    18  
    19  var gxx *int
    20  
    21  func foo1(x int) { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
    22  	gxx = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
    23  }
    24  
    25  func foo2(yy *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: yy"
    26  	gxx = yy
    27  }
    28  
    29  func foo3(x int) *int { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
    30  	return &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
    31  }
    32  
    33  type T *T
    34  
    35  func foo3b(t T) { // ERROR "leaking param: t"
    36  	*t = t
    37  }
    38  
    39  // xx isn't going anywhere, so use of yy is ok
    40  func foo4(xx, yy *int) { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "yy does not escape"
    41  	xx = yy
    42  }
    43  
    44  // xx isn't going anywhere, so taking address of yy is ok
    45  func foo5(xx **int, yy *int) { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "yy does not escape"
    46  	xx = &yy // ERROR "&yy does not escape"
    47  }
    48  
    49  func foo6(xx **int, yy *int) { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "leaking param: yy"
    50  	*xx = yy
    51  }
    52  
    53  func foo7(xx **int, yy *int) { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "yy does not escape"
    54  	**xx = *yy
    55  }
    56  
    57  func foo8(xx, yy *int) int { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "yy does not escape"
    58  	xx = yy
    59  	return *xx
    60  }
    61  
    62  func foo9(xx, yy *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: xx" "leaking param: yy"
    63  	xx = yy
    64  	return xx
    65  }
    66  
    67  func foo10(xx, yy *int) { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "yy does not escape"
    68  	*xx = *yy
    69  }
    70  
    71  func foo11() int {
    72  	x, y := 0, 42
    73  	xx := &x // ERROR "&x does not escape"
    74  	yy := &y // ERROR "&y does not escape"
    75  	*xx = *yy
    76  	return x
    77  }
    78  
    79  var xxx **int
    80  
    81  func foo12(yyy **int) { // ERROR "leaking param: yyy"
    82  	xxx = yyy
    83  }
    84  
    85  // Must treat yyy as leaking because *yyy leaks, and the escape analysis
    86  // summaries in exported metadata do not distinguish these two cases.
    87  func foo13(yyy **int) { // ERROR "leaking param: yyy"
    88  	*xxx = *yyy
    89  }
    90  
    91  func foo14(yyy **int) { // ERROR "yyy does not escape"
    92  	**xxx = **yyy
    93  }
    94  
    95  func foo15(yy *int) { // ERROR "moved to heap: yy"
    96  	xxx = &yy // ERROR "&yy escapes to heap"
    97  }
    98  
    99  func foo16(yy *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: yy"
   100  	*xxx = yy
   101  }
   102  
   103  func foo17(yy *int) { // ERROR "yy does not escape"
   104  	**xxx = *yy
   105  }
   106  
   107  func foo18(y int) { // ERROR "moved to heap: "y"
   108  	*xxx = &y // ERROR "&y escapes to heap"
   109  }
   110  
   111  func foo19(y int) {
   112  	**xxx = y
   113  }
   114  
   115  type Bar struct {
   116  	i  int
   117  	ii *int
   118  }
   119  
   120  func NewBar() *Bar {
   121  	return &Bar{42, nil} // ERROR "&Bar literal escapes to heap"
   122  }
   123  
   124  func NewBarp(x *int) *Bar { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   125  	return &Bar{42, x} // ERROR "&Bar literal escapes to heap"
   126  }
   127  
   128  func NewBarp2(x *int) *Bar { // ERROR "x does not escape"
   129  	return &Bar{*x, nil} // ERROR "&Bar literal escapes to heap"
   130  }
   131  
   132  func (b *Bar) NoLeak() int { // ERROR "b does not escape"
   133  	return *(b.ii)
   134  }
   135  
   136  func (b *Bar) Leak() *int { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
   137  	return &b.i // ERROR "&b.i escapes to heap"
   138  }
   139  
   140  func (b *Bar) AlsoNoLeak() *int { // ERROR "leaking param b content to result ~r0"
   141  	return b.ii
   142  }
   143  
   144  func (b Bar) AlsoLeak() *int { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
   145  	return b.ii
   146  }
   147  
   148  func (b Bar) LeaksToo() *int { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
   149  	v := 0    // ERROR "moved to heap: v"
   150  	b.ii = &v // ERROR "&v escapes"
   151  	return b.ii
   152  }
   153  
   154  func (b *Bar) LeaksABit() *int { // ERROR "leaking param b content to result ~r0"
   155  	v := 0    // ERROR "moved to heap: v"
   156  	b.ii = &v // ERROR "&v escapes"
   157  	return b.ii
   158  }
   159  
   160  func (b Bar) StillNoLeak() int { // ERROR "b does not escape"
   161  	v := 0
   162  	b.ii = &v // ERROR "&v does not escape"
   163  	return b.i
   164  }
   165  
   166  func goLeak(b *Bar) { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
   167  	go b.NoLeak()
   168  }
   169  
   170  type Bar2 struct {
   171  	i  [12]int
   172  	ii []int
   173  }
   174  
   175  func NewBar2() *Bar2 {
   176  	return &Bar2{[12]int{42}, nil} // ERROR "&Bar2 literal escapes to heap"
   177  }
   178  
   179  func (b *Bar2) NoLeak() int { // ERROR "b does not escape"
   180  	return b.i[0]
   181  }
   182  
   183  func (b *Bar2) Leak() []int { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
   184  	return b.i[:] // ERROR "b.i escapes to heap"
   185  }
   186  
   187  func (b *Bar2) AlsoNoLeak() []int { // ERROR "leaking param b content to result ~r0"
   188  	return b.ii[0:1]
   189  }
   190  
   191  func (b Bar2) AgainNoLeak() [12]int { // ERROR "b does not escape"
   192  	return b.i
   193  }
   194  
   195  func (b *Bar2) LeakSelf() { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
   196  	b.ii = b.i[0:4] // ERROR "b.i escapes to heap"
   197  }
   198  
   199  func (b *Bar2) LeakSelf2() { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
   200  	var buf []int
   201  	buf = b.i[0:] // ERROR "b.i escapes to heap"
   202  	b.ii = buf
   203  }
   204  
   205  func foo21() func() int {
   206  	x := 42             // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   207  	return func() int { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
   208  		return x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   209  	}
   210  }
   211  
   212  func foo22() int {
   213  	x := 42
   214  	return func() int { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
   215  		return x
   216  	}()
   217  }
   218  
   219  func foo23(x int) func() int { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   220  	return func() int { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
   221  		return x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   222  	}
   223  }
   224  
   225  func foo23a(x int) func() int { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   226  	f := func() int { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
   227  		return x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   228  	}
   229  	return f
   230  }
   231  
   232  func foo23b(x int) *(func() int) { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   233  	f := func() int { return x } // ERROR "moved to heap: f" "func literal escapes to heap" "&x escapes to heap"
   234  	return &f                    // ERROR "&f escapes to heap"
   235  }
   236  
   237  func foo24(x int) int {
   238  	return func() int { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
   239  		return x
   240  	}()
   241  }
   242  
   243  var x *int
   244  
   245  func fooleak(xx *int) int { // ERROR "leaking param: xx"
   246  	x = xx
   247  	return *x
   248  }
   249  
   250  func foonoleak(xx *int) int { // ERROR "xx does not escape"
   251  	return *x + *xx
   252  }
   253  
   254  func foo31(x int) int { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   255  	return fooleak(&x) // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   256  }
   257  
   258  func foo32(x int) int {
   259  	return foonoleak(&x) // ERROR "&x does not escape"
   260  }
   261  
   262  type Foo struct {
   263  	xx *int
   264  	x  int
   265  }
   266  
   267  var F Foo
   268  var pf *Foo
   269  
   270  func (f *Foo) fooleak() { // ERROR "leaking param: f"
   271  	pf = f
   272  }
   273  
   274  func (f *Foo) foonoleak() { // ERROR "f does not escape"
   275  	F.x = f.x
   276  }
   277  
   278  func (f *Foo) Leak() { // ERROR "leaking param: f"
   279  	f.fooleak()
   280  }
   281  
   282  func (f *Foo) NoLeak() { // ERROR "f does not escape"
   283  	f.foonoleak()
   284  }
   285  
   286  func foo41(x int) { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   287  	F.xx = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   288  }
   289  
   290  func (f *Foo) foo42(x int) { // ERROR "f does not escape" "moved to heap: x"
   291  	f.xx = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   292  }
   293  
   294  func foo43(f *Foo, x int) { // ERROR "f does not escape" "moved to heap: x"
   295  	f.xx = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   296  }
   297  
   298  func foo44(yy *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: yy"
   299  	F.xx = yy
   300  }
   301  
   302  func (f *Foo) foo45() { // ERROR "f does not escape"
   303  	F.x = f.x
   304  }
   305  
   306  // See foo13 above for explanation of why f leaks.
   307  func (f *Foo) foo46() { // ERROR "leaking param: f"
   308  	F.xx = f.xx
   309  }
   310  
   311  func (f *Foo) foo47() { // ERROR "leaking param: f"
   312  	f.xx = &f.x // ERROR "&f.x escapes to heap"
   313  }
   314  
   315  var ptrSlice []*int
   316  
   317  func foo50(i *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
   318  	ptrSlice[0] = i
   319  }
   320  
   321  var ptrMap map[*int]*int
   322  
   323  func foo51(i *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
   324  	ptrMap[i] = i
   325  }
   326  
   327  func indaddr1(x int) *int { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   328  	return &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   329  }
   330  
   331  func indaddr2(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   332  	return *&x // ERROR "&x does not escape"
   333  }
   334  
   335  func indaddr3(x *int32) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   336  	return *(**int)(unsafe.Pointer(&x)) // ERROR "&x does not escape"
   337  }
   338  
   339  // From package math:
   340  
   341  func Float32bits(f float32) uint32 {
   342  	return *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&f)) // ERROR "&f does not escape"
   343  }
   344  
   345  func Float32frombits(b uint32) float32 {
   346  	return *(*float32)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)) // ERROR "&b does not escape"
   347  }
   348  
   349  func Float64bits(f float64) uint64 {
   350  	return *(*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(&f)) // ERROR "&f does not escape"
   351  }
   352  
   353  func Float64frombits(b uint64) float64 {
   354  	return *(*float64)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)) // ERROR "&b does not escape"
   355  }
   356  
   357  // contrast with
   358  func float64bitsptr(f float64) *uint64 { // ERROR "moved to heap: f"
   359  	return (*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(&f)) // ERROR "&f escapes to heap"
   360  }
   361  
   362  func float64ptrbitsptr(f *float64) *uint64 { // ERROR "leaking param: f"
   363  	return (*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(f))
   364  }
   365  
   366  func typesw(i interface{}) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
   367  	switch val := i.(type) {
   368  	case *int:
   369  		return val
   370  	case *int8:
   371  		v := int(*val) // ERROR "moved to heap: v"
   372  		return &v      // ERROR "&v escapes to heap"
   373  	}
   374  	return nil
   375  }
   376  
   377  func exprsw(i *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
   378  	switch j := i; *j + 110 {
   379  	case 12:
   380  		return j
   381  	case 42:
   382  		return nil
   383  	}
   384  	return nil
   385  
   386  }
   387  
   388  // assigning to an array element is like assigning to the array
   389  func foo60(i *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
   390  	var a [12]*int
   391  	a[0] = i
   392  	return a[1]
   393  }
   394  
   395  func foo60a(i *int) *int { // ERROR "i does not escape"
   396  	var a [12]*int
   397  	a[0] = i
   398  	return nil
   399  }
   400  
   401  // assigning to a struct field  is like assigning to the struct
   402  func foo61(i *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
   403  	type S struct {
   404  		a, b *int
   405  	}
   406  	var s S
   407  	s.a = i
   408  	return s.b
   409  }
   410  
   411  func foo61a(i *int) *int { // ERROR "i does not escape"
   412  	type S struct {
   413  		a, b *int
   414  	}
   415  	var s S
   416  	s.a = i
   417  	return nil
   418  }
   419  
   420  // assigning to a struct field is like assigning to the struct but
   421  // here this subtlety is lost, since s.a counts as an assignment to a
   422  // track-losing dereference.
   423  func foo62(i *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
   424  	type S struct {
   425  		a, b *int
   426  	}
   427  	s := new(S) // ERROR "new[(]S[)] does not escape"
   428  	s.a = i
   429  	return nil // s.b
   430  }
   431  
   432  type M interface {
   433  	M()
   434  }
   435  
   436  func foo63(m M) { // ERROR "m does not escape"
   437  }
   438  
   439  func foo64(m M) { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
   440  	m.M()
   441  }
   442  
   443  func foo64b(m M) { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
   444  	defer m.M()
   445  }
   446  
   447  type MV int
   448  
   449  func (MV) M() {}
   450  
   451  func foo65() {
   452  	var mv MV
   453  	foo63(&mv) // ERROR "&mv does not escape"
   454  }
   455  
   456  func foo66() {
   457  	var mv MV  // ERROR "moved to heap: mv"
   458  	foo64(&mv) // ERROR "&mv escapes to heap"
   459  }
   460  
   461  func foo67() {
   462  	var mv MV
   463  	foo63(mv)
   464  }
   465  
   466  func foo68() {
   467  	var mv MV
   468  	foo64(mv) // escapes but it's an int so irrelevant
   469  }
   470  
   471  func foo69(m M) { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
   472  	foo64(m)
   473  }
   474  
   475  func foo70(mv1 *MV, m M) { // ERROR "leaking param: mv1" "leaking param: m"
   476  	m = mv1
   477  	foo64(m)
   478  }
   479  
   480  func foo71(x *int) []*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   481  	var y []*int
   482  	y = append(y, x)
   483  	return y
   484  }
   485  
   486  func foo71a(x int) []*int { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   487  	var y []*int
   488  	y = append(y, &x) // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   489  	return y
   490  }
   491  
   492  func foo72() {
   493  	var x int
   494  	var y [1]*int
   495  	y[0] = &x // ERROR "&x does not escape"
   496  }
   497  
   498  func foo72aa() [10]*int {
   499  	var x int // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   500  	var y [10]*int
   501  	y[0] = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   502  	return y
   503  }
   504  
   505  func foo72a() {
   506  	var y [10]*int
   507  	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
   508  		// escapes its scope
   509  		x := i    // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   510  		y[i] = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   511  	}
   512  	return
   513  }
   514  
   515  func foo72b() [10]*int {
   516  	var y [10]*int
   517  	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
   518  		x := i    // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   519  		y[i] = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   520  	}
   521  	return y
   522  }
   523  
   524  // issue 2145
   525  func foo73() {
   526  	s := []int{3, 2, 1} // ERROR "\[\]int literal does not escape"
   527  	for _, v := range s {
   528  		vv := v // ERROR "moved to heap: vv"
   529  		// actually just escapes its scope
   530  		defer func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
   531  			println(vv) // ERROR "&vv escapes to heap"
   532  		}()
   533  	}
   534  }
   535  
   536  func foo74() {
   537  	s := []int{3, 2, 1} // ERROR "\[\]int literal does not escape"
   538  	for _, v := range s {
   539  		vv := v // ERROR "moved to heap: vv"
   540  		// actually just escapes its scope
   541  		fn := func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
   542  			println(vv) // ERROR "&vv escapes to heap"
   543  		}
   544  		defer fn()
   545  	}
   546  }
   547  
   548  // issue 3975
   549  func foo74b() {
   550  	var array [3]func()
   551  	s := []int{3, 2, 1} // ERROR "\[\]int literal does not escape"
   552  	for i, v := range s {
   553  		vv := v // ERROR "moved to heap: vv"
   554  		// actually just escapes its scope
   555  		array[i] = func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
   556  			println(vv) // ERROR "&vv escapes to heap"
   557  		}
   558  	}
   559  }
   560  
   561  func myprint(y *int, x ...interface{}) *int { // ERROR "x does not escape" "leaking param: y"
   562  	return y
   563  }
   564  
   565  func myprint1(y *int, x ...interface{}) *interface{} { // ERROR "y does not escape" "leaking param: x"
   566  	return &x[0] // ERROR "&x.0. escapes to heap"
   567  }
   568  
   569  func foo75(z *int) { // ERROR "z does not escape"
   570  	myprint(z, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape"
   571  }
   572  
   573  func foo75a(z *int) { // ERROR "z does not escape"
   574  	myprint1(z, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape"
   575  }
   576  
   577  func foo75esc(z *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: z"
   578  	gxx = myprint(z, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape"
   579  }
   580  
   581  func foo75aesc(z *int) { // ERROR "z does not escape"
   582  	var ppi **interface{}       // assignments to pointer dereferences lose track
   583  	*ppi = myprint1(z, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap"
   584  }
   585  
   586  func foo76(z *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: z"
   587  	myprint(nil, z) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape"
   588  }
   589  
   590  func foo76a(z *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: z"
   591  	myprint1(nil, z) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape"
   592  }
   593  
   594  func foo76b() {
   595  	myprint(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape"
   596  }
   597  
   598  func foo76c() {
   599  	myprint1(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape"
   600  }
   601  
   602  func foo76d() {
   603  	defer myprint(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape"
   604  }
   605  
   606  func foo76e() {
   607  	defer myprint1(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape"
   608  }
   609  
   610  func foo76f() {
   611  	for {
   612  		// TODO: This one really only escapes its scope, but we don't distinguish yet.
   613  		defer myprint(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap"
   614  	}
   615  }
   616  
   617  func foo76g() {
   618  	for {
   619  		defer myprint1(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap"
   620  	}
   621  }
   622  
   623  func foo77(z []interface{}) { // ERROR "z does not escape"
   624  	myprint(nil, z...) // z does not escape
   625  }
   626  
   627  func foo77a(z []interface{}) { // ERROR "z does not escape"
   628  	myprint1(nil, z...)
   629  }
   630  
   631  func foo77b(z []interface{}) { // ERROR "leaking param: z"
   632  	var ppi **interface{}
   633  	*ppi = myprint1(nil, z...)
   634  }
   635  
   636  func foo78(z int) *int { // ERROR "moved to heap: z"
   637  	return &z // ERROR "&z escapes to heap"
   638  }
   639  
   640  func foo78a(z int) *int { // ERROR "moved to heap: z"
   641  	y := &z   // ERROR "&z escapes to heap"
   642  	x := &y   // ERROR "&y does not escape"
   643  	return *x // really return y
   644  }
   645  
   646  func foo79() *int {
   647  	return new(int) // ERROR "new[(]int[)] escapes to heap"
   648  }
   649  
   650  func foo80() *int {
   651  	var z *int
   652  	for {
   653  		// Really just escapes its scope but we don't distinguish
   654  		z = new(int) // ERROR "new[(]int[)] escapes to heap"
   655  	}
   656  	_ = z
   657  	return nil
   658  }
   659  
   660  func foo81() *int {
   661  	for {
   662  		z := new(int) // ERROR "new[(]int[)] does not escape"
   663  		_ = z
   664  	}
   665  	return nil
   666  }
   667  
   668  func tee(p *int) (x, y *int) { return p, p } // ERROR "leaking param"
   669  
   670  func noop(x, y *int) {} // ERROR "does not escape"
   671  
   672  func foo82() {
   673  	var x, y, z int  // ERROR "moved to heap"
   674  	go noop(tee(&z)) // ERROR "&z escapes to heap"
   675  	go noop(&x, &y)  // ERROR "escapes to heap"
   676  	for {
   677  		var u, v, w int     // ERROR "moved to heap"
   678  		defer noop(tee(&u)) // ERROR "&u escapes to heap"
   679  		defer noop(&v, &w)  // ERROR "escapes to heap"
   680  	}
   681  }
   682  
   683  type Fooer interface {
   684  	Foo()
   685  }
   686  
   687  type LimitedFooer struct {
   688  	Fooer
   689  	N int64
   690  }
   691  
   692  func LimitFooer(r Fooer, n int64) Fooer { // ERROR "leaking param: r"
   693  	return &LimitedFooer{r, n} // ERROR "&LimitedFooer literal escapes to heap"
   694  }
   695  
   696  func foo90(x *int) map[*int]*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   697  	return map[*int]*int{nil: x} // ERROR "map\[\*int\]\*int literal escapes to heap"
   698  }
   699  
   700  func foo91(x *int) map[*int]*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   701  	return map[*int]*int{x: nil} // ERROR "map\[\*int\]\*int literal escapes to heap"
   702  }
   703  
   704  func foo92(x *int) [2]*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   705  	return [2]*int{x, nil}
   706  }
   707  
   708  // does not leak c
   709  func foo93(c chan *int) *int { // ERROR "c does not escape"
   710  	for v := range c {
   711  		return v
   712  	}
   713  	return nil
   714  }
   715  
   716  // does not leak m
   717  func foo94(m map[*int]*int, b bool) *int { // ERROR "m does not escape"
   718  	for k, v := range m {
   719  		if b {
   720  			return k
   721  		}
   722  		return v
   723  	}
   724  	return nil
   725  }
   726  
   727  // does leak x
   728  func foo95(m map[*int]*int, x *int) { // ERROR "m does not escape" "leaking param: x"
   729  	m[x] = x
   730  }
   731  
   732  // does not leak m
   733  func foo96(m []*int) *int { // ERROR "m does not escape"
   734  	return m[0]
   735  }
   736  
   737  // does leak m
   738  func foo97(m [1]*int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
   739  	return m[0]
   740  }
   741  
   742  // does not leak m
   743  func foo98(m map[int]*int) *int { // ERROR "m does not escape"
   744  	return m[0]
   745  }
   746  
   747  // does leak m
   748  func foo99(m *[1]*int) []*int { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
   749  	return m[:]
   750  }
   751  
   752  // does not leak m
   753  func foo100(m []*int) *int { // ERROR "m does not escape"
   754  	for _, v := range m {
   755  		return v
   756  	}
   757  	return nil
   758  }
   759  
   760  // does leak m
   761  func foo101(m [1]*int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
   762  	for _, v := range m {
   763  		return v
   764  	}
   765  	return nil
   766  }
   767  
   768  // does not leak m
   769  func foo101a(m [1]*int) *int { // ERROR "m does not escape"
   770  	for i := range m { // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
   771  		return &i // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
   772  	}
   773  	return nil
   774  }
   775  
   776  // does leak x
   777  func foo102(m []*int, x *int) { // ERROR "m does not escape" "leaking param: x"
   778  	m[0] = x
   779  }
   780  
   781  // does not leak x
   782  func foo103(m [1]*int, x *int) { // ERROR "m does not escape" "x does not escape"
   783  	m[0] = x
   784  }
   785  
   786  var y []*int
   787  
   788  // does not leak x
   789  func foo104(x []*int) { // ERROR "x does not escape"
   790  	copy(y, x)
   791  }
   792  
   793  // does not leak x
   794  func foo105(x []*int) { // ERROR "x does not escape"
   795  	_ = append(y, x...)
   796  }
   797  
   798  // does leak x
   799  func foo106(x *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   800  	_ = append(y, x)
   801  }
   802  
   803  func foo107(x *int) map[*int]*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   804  	return map[*int]*int{x: nil} // ERROR "map.* literal escapes to heap"
   805  }
   806  
   807  func foo108(x *int) map[*int]*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   808  	return map[*int]*int{nil: x} // ERROR "map.* literal escapes to heap"
   809  }
   810  
   811  func foo109(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   812  	m := map[*int]*int{x: nil} // ERROR "map.* literal does not escape"
   813  	for k, _ := range m {
   814  		return k
   815  	}
   816  	return nil
   817  }
   818  
   819  func foo110(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   820  	m := map[*int]*int{nil: x} // ERROR "map.* literal does not escape"
   821  	return m[nil]
   822  }
   823  
   824  func foo111(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   825  	m := []*int{x} // ERROR "\[\]\*int literal does not escape"
   826  	return m[0]
   827  }
   828  
   829  func foo112(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   830  	m := [1]*int{x}
   831  	return m[0]
   832  }
   833  
   834  func foo113(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   835  	m := Bar{ii: x}
   836  	return m.ii
   837  }
   838  
   839  func foo114(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   840  	m := &Bar{ii: x} // ERROR "&Bar literal does not escape"
   841  	return m.ii
   842  }
   843  
   844  func foo115(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   845  	return (*int)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(x)) + 1))
   846  }
   847  
   848  func foo116(b bool) *int {
   849  	if b {
   850  		x := 1    // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   851  		return &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   852  	} else {
   853  		y := 1    // ERROR "moved to heap: y"
   854  		return &y // ERROR "&y escapes to heap"
   855  	}
   856  	return nil
   857  }
   858  
   859  func foo117(unknown func(interface{})) { // ERROR "unknown does not escape"
   860  	x := 1      // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   861  	unknown(&x) // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   862  }
   863  
   864  func foo118(unknown func(*int)) { // ERROR "unknown does not escape"
   865  	x := 1      // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
   866  	unknown(&x) // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
   867  }
   868  
   869  func external(*int)
   870  
   871  func foo119(x *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
   872  	external(x)
   873  }
   874  
   875  func foo120() {
   876  	// formerly exponential time analysis
   877  L1:
   878  L2:
   879  L3:
   880  L4:
   881  L5:
   882  L6:
   883  L7:
   884  L8:
   885  L9:
   886  L10:
   887  L11:
   888  L12:
   889  L13:
   890  L14:
   891  L15:
   892  L16:
   893  L17:
   894  L18:
   895  L19:
   896  L20:
   897  L21:
   898  L22:
   899  L23:
   900  L24:
   901  L25:
   902  L26:
   903  L27:
   904  L28:
   905  L29:
   906  L30:
   907  L31:
   908  L32:
   909  L33:
   910  L34:
   911  L35:
   912  L36:
   913  L37:
   914  L38:
   915  L39:
   916  L40:
   917  L41:
   918  L42:
   919  L43:
   920  L44:
   921  L45:
   922  L46:
   923  L47:
   924  L48:
   925  L49:
   926  L50:
   927  L51:
   928  L52:
   929  L53:
   930  L54:
   931  L55:
   932  L56:
   933  L57:
   934  L58:
   935  L59:
   936  L60:
   937  L61:
   938  L62:
   939  L63:
   940  L64:
   941  L65:
   942  L66:
   943  L67:
   944  L68:
   945  L69:
   946  L70:
   947  L71:
   948  L72:
   949  L73:
   950  L74:
   951  L75:
   952  L76:
   953  L77:
   954  L78:
   955  L79:
   956  L80:
   957  L81:
   958  L82:
   959  L83:
   960  L84:
   961  L85:
   962  L86:
   963  L87:
   964  L88:
   965  L89:
   966  L90:
   967  L91:
   968  L92:
   969  L93:
   970  L94:
   971  L95:
   972  L96:
   973  L97:
   974  L98:
   975  L99:
   976  L100:
   977  	// use the labels to silence compiler errors
   978  	goto L1
   979  	goto L2
   980  	goto L3
   981  	goto L4
   982  	goto L5
   983  	goto L6
   984  	goto L7
   985  	goto L8
   986  	goto L9
   987  	goto L10
   988  	goto L11
   989  	goto L12
   990  	goto L13
   991  	goto L14
   992  	goto L15
   993  	goto L16
   994  	goto L17
   995  	goto L18
   996  	goto L19
   997  	goto L20
   998  	goto L21
   999  	goto L22
  1000  	goto L23
  1001  	goto L24
  1002  	goto L25
  1003  	goto L26
  1004  	goto L27
  1005  	goto L28
  1006  	goto L29
  1007  	goto L30
  1008  	goto L31
  1009  	goto L32
  1010  	goto L33
  1011  	goto L34
  1012  	goto L35
  1013  	goto L36
  1014  	goto L37
  1015  	goto L38
  1016  	goto L39
  1017  	goto L40
  1018  	goto L41
  1019  	goto L42
  1020  	goto L43
  1021  	goto L44
  1022  	goto L45
  1023  	goto L46
  1024  	goto L47
  1025  	goto L48
  1026  	goto L49
  1027  	goto L50
  1028  	goto L51
  1029  	goto L52
  1030  	goto L53
  1031  	goto L54
  1032  	goto L55
  1033  	goto L56
  1034  	goto L57
  1035  	goto L58
  1036  	goto L59
  1037  	goto L60
  1038  	goto L61
  1039  	goto L62
  1040  	goto L63
  1041  	goto L64
  1042  	goto L65
  1043  	goto L66
  1044  	goto L67
  1045  	goto L68
  1046  	goto L69
  1047  	goto L70
  1048  	goto L71
  1049  	goto L72
  1050  	goto L73
  1051  	goto L74
  1052  	goto L75
  1053  	goto L76
  1054  	goto L77
  1055  	goto L78
  1056  	goto L79
  1057  	goto L80
  1058  	goto L81
  1059  	goto L82
  1060  	goto L83
  1061  	goto L84
  1062  	goto L85
  1063  	goto L86
  1064  	goto L87
  1065  	goto L88
  1066  	goto L89
  1067  	goto L90
  1068  	goto L91
  1069  	goto L92
  1070  	goto L93
  1071  	goto L94
  1072  	goto L95
  1073  	goto L96
  1074  	goto L97
  1075  	goto L98
  1076  	goto L99
  1077  	goto L100
  1078  }
  1079  
  1080  func foo121() {
  1081  	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
  1082  		defer myprint(nil, i) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap"
  1083  		go myprint(nil, i)    // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap"
  1084  	}
  1085  }
  1086  
  1087  // same as foo121 but check across import
  1088  func foo121b() {
  1089  	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
  1090  		defer fmt.Printf("%d", i) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap"
  1091  		go fmt.Printf("%d", i)    // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap"
  1092  	}
  1093  }
  1094  
  1095  // a harmless forward jump
  1096  func foo122() {
  1097  	var i *int
  1098  
  1099  	goto L1
  1100  L1:
  1101  	i = new(int) // ERROR "new.int. does not escape"
  1102  	_ = i
  1103  }
  1104  
  1105  // a backward jump, increases loopdepth
  1106  func foo123() {
  1107  	var i *int
  1108  
  1109  L1:
  1110  	i = new(int) // ERROR "new.int. escapes to heap"
  1111  
  1112  	goto L1
  1113  	_ = i
  1114  }
  1115  
  1116  func foo124(x **int) { // ERROR "x does not escape"
  1117  	var i int // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
  1118  	p := &i   // ERROR "&i escapes"
  1119  	func() {  // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1120  		*x = p // ERROR "leaking closure reference p"
  1121  	}()
  1122  }
  1123  
  1124  func foo125(ch chan *int) { // ERROR "does not escape"
  1125  	var i int // ERROR "moved to heap"
  1126  	p := &i   // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
  1127  	func() {  // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1128  		ch <- p // ERROR "leaking closure reference p"
  1129  	}()
  1130  }
  1131  
  1132  func foo126() {
  1133  	var px *int // loopdepth 0
  1134  	for {
  1135  		// loopdepth 1
  1136  		var i int // ERROR "moved to heap"
  1137  		func() {  // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1138  			px = &i // ERROR "&i escapes"
  1139  		}()
  1140  	}
  1141  	_ = px
  1142  }
  1143  
  1144  var px *int
  1145  
  1146  func foo127() {
  1147  	var i int // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
  1148  	p := &i   // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
  1149  	q := p
  1150  	px = q
  1151  }
  1152  
  1153  func foo128() {
  1154  	var i int
  1155  	p := &i // ERROR "&i does not escape"
  1156  	q := p
  1157  	_ = q
  1158  }
  1159  
  1160  func foo129() {
  1161  	var i int // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
  1162  	p := &i   // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
  1163  	func() {  // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1164  		q := p   // ERROR "leaking closure reference p"
  1165  		func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1166  			r := q // ERROR "leaking closure reference q"
  1167  			px = r
  1168  		}()
  1169  	}()
  1170  }
  1171  
  1172  func foo130() {
  1173  	for {
  1174  		var i int // ERROR "moved to heap"
  1175  		func() {  // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1176  			px = &i // ERROR "&i escapes" "leaking closure reference i"
  1177  		}()
  1178  	}
  1179  }
  1180  
  1181  func foo131() {
  1182  	var i int // ERROR "moved to heap"
  1183  	func() {  // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1184  		px = &i // ERROR "&i escapes" "leaking closure reference i"
  1185  	}()
  1186  }
  1187  
  1188  func foo132() {
  1189  	var i int   // ERROR "moved to heap"
  1190  	go func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
  1191  		px = &i // ERROR "&i escapes" "leaking closure reference i"
  1192  	}()
  1193  }
  1194  
  1195  func foo133() {
  1196  	var i int      // ERROR "moved to heap"
  1197  	defer func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1198  		px = &i // ERROR "&i escapes" "leaking closure reference i"
  1199  	}()
  1200  }
  1201  
  1202  func foo134() {
  1203  	var i int
  1204  	p := &i  // ERROR "&i does not escape"
  1205  	func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1206  		q := p
  1207  		func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1208  			r := q
  1209  			_ = r
  1210  		}()
  1211  	}()
  1212  }
  1213  
  1214  func foo135() {
  1215  	var i int   // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
  1216  	p := &i     // ERROR "&i escapes to heap" "moved to heap: p"
  1217  	go func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
  1218  		q := p   // ERROR "&p escapes to heap"
  1219  		func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1220  			r := q
  1221  			_ = r
  1222  		}()
  1223  	}()
  1224  }
  1225  
  1226  func foo136() {
  1227  	var i int   // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
  1228  	p := &i     // ERROR "&i escapes to heap" "moved to heap: p"
  1229  	go func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
  1230  		q := p   // ERROR "&p escapes to heap" "leaking closure reference p"
  1231  		func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1232  			r := q // ERROR "leaking closure reference q"
  1233  			px = r
  1234  		}()
  1235  	}()
  1236  }
  1237  
  1238  func foo137() {
  1239  	var i int // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
  1240  	p := &i   // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
  1241  	func() {  // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1242  		q := p      // ERROR "leaking closure reference p" "moved to heap: q"
  1243  		go func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
  1244  			r := q // ERROR "&q escapes to heap"
  1245  			_ = r
  1246  		}()
  1247  	}()
  1248  }
  1249  
  1250  func foo138() *byte {
  1251  	type T struct {
  1252  		x [1]byte
  1253  	}
  1254  	t := new(T)    // ERROR "new.T. escapes to heap"
  1255  	return &t.x[0] // ERROR "&t.x.0. escapes to heap"
  1256  }
  1257  
  1258  func foo139() *byte {
  1259  	type T struct {
  1260  		x struct {
  1261  			y byte
  1262  		}
  1263  	}
  1264  	t := new(T)   // ERROR "new.T. escapes to heap"
  1265  	return &t.x.y // ERROR "&t.x.y escapes to heap"
  1266  }
  1267  
  1268  // issue 4751
  1269  func foo140() interface{} {
  1270  	type T struct {
  1271  		X string
  1272  	}
  1273  	type U struct {
  1274  		X string
  1275  		T *T
  1276  	}
  1277  	t := &T{} // ERROR "&T literal escapes to heap"
  1278  	return U{
  1279  		X: t.X,
  1280  		T: t,
  1281  	}
  1282  }
  1283  
  1284  //go:noescape
  1285  
  1286  func F1([]byte)
  1287  
  1288  func F2([]byte)
  1289  
  1290  //go:noescape
  1291  
  1292  func F3(x []byte) // ERROR "F3 x does not escape"
  1293  
  1294  func F4(x []byte)
  1295  
  1296  func G() {
  1297  	var buf1 [10]byte
  1298  	F1(buf1[:]) // ERROR "buf1 does not escape"
  1299  
  1300  	var buf2 [10]byte // ERROR "moved to heap: buf2"
  1301  	F2(buf2[:])       // ERROR "buf2 escapes to heap"
  1302  
  1303  	var buf3 [10]byte
  1304  	F3(buf3[:]) // ERROR "buf3 does not escape"
  1305  
  1306  	var buf4 [10]byte // ERROR "moved to heap: buf4"
  1307  	F4(buf4[:])       // ERROR "buf4 escapes to heap"
  1308  }
  1309  
  1310  type Tm struct {
  1311  	x int
  1312  }
  1313  
  1314  func (t *Tm) M() { // ERROR "t does not escape"
  1315  }
  1316  
  1317  func foo141() {
  1318  	var f func()
  1319  
  1320  	t := new(Tm) // ERROR "escapes to heap"
  1321  	f = t.M      // ERROR "t.M does not escape"
  1322  	_ = f
  1323  }
  1324  
  1325  var gf func()
  1326  
  1327  func foo142() {
  1328  	t := new(Tm) // ERROR "escapes to heap"
  1329  	gf = t.M     // ERROR "t.M escapes to heap"
  1330  }
  1331  
  1332  // issue 3888.
  1333  func foo143() {
  1334  	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
  1335  		func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
  1336  			for i := 0; i < 1; i++ {
  1337  				var t Tm
  1338  				t.M() // ERROR "t does not escape"
  1339  			}
  1340  		}()
  1341  	}
  1342  }
  1343  
  1344  // issue 5773
  1345  // Check that annotations take effect regardless of whether they
  1346  // are before or after the use in the source code.
  1347  
  1348  //go:noescape
  1349  
  1350  func foo144a(*int)
  1351  
  1352  func foo144() {
  1353  	var x int
  1354  	foo144a(&x) // ERROR "&x does not escape"
  1355  	var y int
  1356  	foo144b(&y) // ERROR "&y does not escape"
  1357  }
  1358  
  1359  //go:noescape
  1360  
  1361  func foo144b(*int)
  1362  
  1363  // issue 7313: for loop init should not be treated as "in loop"
  1364  
  1365  type List struct {
  1366  	Next *List
  1367  }
  1368  
  1369  func foo145(l List) { // ERROR "l does not escape"
  1370  	var p *List
  1371  	for p = &l; p.Next != nil; p = p.Next { // ERROR "&l does not escape"
  1372  	}
  1373  }
  1374  
  1375  func foo146(l List) { // ERROR "l does not escape"
  1376  	var p *List
  1377  	p = &l // ERROR "&l does not escape"
  1378  	for ; p.Next != nil; p = p.Next {
  1379  	}
  1380  }
  1381  
  1382  func foo147(l List) { // ERROR "l does not escape"
  1383  	var p *List
  1384  	p = &l // ERROR "&l does not escape"
  1385  	for p.Next != nil {
  1386  		p = p.Next
  1387  	}
  1388  }
  1389  
  1390  func foo148(l List) { // ERROR " l does not escape"
  1391  	for p := &l; p.Next != nil; p = p.Next { // ERROR "&l does not escape"
  1392  	}
  1393  }
  1394  
  1395  // related: address of variable should have depth of variable, not of loop
  1396  
  1397  func foo149(l List) { // ERROR " l does not escape"
  1398  	var p *List
  1399  	for {
  1400  		for p = &l; p.Next != nil; p = p.Next { // ERROR "&l does not escape"
  1401  		}
  1402  	}
  1403  }
  1404  
  1405  // issue 7934: missed ... if element type had no pointers
  1406  
  1407  var save150 []byte
  1408  
  1409  func foo150(x ...byte) { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
  1410  	save150 = x
  1411  }
  1412  
  1413  func bar150() {
  1414  	foo150(1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap"
  1415  }
  1416  
  1417  // issue 7931: bad handling of slice of array
  1418  
  1419  var save151 *int
  1420  
  1421  func foo151(x *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
  1422  	save151 = x
  1423  }
  1424  
  1425  func bar151() {
  1426  	var a [64]int // ERROR "moved to heap: a"
  1427  	a[4] = 101
  1428  	foo151(&(&a)[4:8][0]) // ERROR "&\(&a\)\[4:8\]\[0\] escapes to heap" "&a escapes to heap"
  1429  }
  1430  
  1431  func bar151b() {
  1432  	var a [10]int      // ERROR "moved to heap: a"
  1433  	b := a[:]          // ERROR "a escapes to heap"
  1434  	foo151(&b[4:8][0]) // ERROR "&b\[4:8\]\[0\] escapes to heap"
  1435  }
  1436  
  1437  func bar151c() {
  1438  	var a [64]int // ERROR "moved to heap: a"
  1439  	a[4] = 101
  1440  	foo151(&(&a)[4:8:8][0]) // ERROR "&\(&a\)\[4:8:8\]\[0\] escapes to heap" "&a escapes to heap"
  1441  }
  1442  
  1443  func bar151d() {
  1444  	var a [10]int        // ERROR "moved to heap: a"
  1445  	b := a[:]            // ERROR "a escapes to heap"
  1446  	foo151(&b[4:8:8][0]) // ERROR "&b\[4:8:8\]\[0\] escapes to heap"
  1447  }
  1448  
  1449  // issue 8120
  1450  
  1451  type U struct {
  1452  	s *string
  1453  }
  1454  
  1455  func (u *U) String() *string { // ERROR "leaking param u content to result ~r0"
  1456  	return u.s
  1457  }
  1458  
  1459  type V struct {
  1460  	s *string
  1461  }
  1462  
  1463  func NewV(u U) *V { // ERROR "leaking param: u"
  1464  	return &V{u.String()} // ERROR "&V literal escapes to heap" "u does not escape"
  1465  }
  1466  
  1467  func foo152() {
  1468  	a := "a"   // ERROR "moved to heap: a"
  1469  	u := U{&a} // ERROR "&a escapes to heap"
  1470  	v := NewV(u)
  1471  	println(v)
  1472  }
  1473  
  1474  // issue 8176 - &x in type switch body not marked as escaping
  1475  
  1476  func foo153(v interface{}) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: v"
  1477  	switch x := v.(type) {
  1478  	case int: // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
  1479  		return &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
  1480  	}
  1481  	panic(0)
  1482  }
  1483  
  1484  // issue 8185 - &result escaping into result
  1485  
  1486  func f() (x int, y *int) { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
  1487  	y = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
  1488  	return
  1489  }
  1490  
  1491  func g() (x interface{}) { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
  1492  	x = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
  1493  	return
  1494  }