github.com/yinchengtsinghua/golang-Eos-dpos-Ethereum@v0.0.0-20190121132951-92cc4225ed8e/consensus/ethash/consensus.go (about)

     1  
     2  //此源码被清华学神尹成大魔王专业翻译分析并修改
     3  //尹成QQ77025077
     4  //尹成微信18510341407
     5  //尹成所在QQ群721929980
     6  //尹成邮箱 yinc13@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
     7  //尹成毕业于清华大学,微软区块链领域全球最有价值专家
     8  //https://mvp.microsoft.com/zh-cn/PublicProfile/4033620
     9  //版权所有2017 Go Ethereum作者
    10  //此文件是Go以太坊库的一部分。
    11  //
    12  //Go-Ethereum库是免费软件:您可以重新分发它和/或修改
    13  //根据GNU发布的较低通用公共许可证的条款
    14  //自由软件基金会,或者许可证的第3版,或者
    15  //(由您选择)任何更高版本。
    16  //
    17  //Go以太坊图书馆的发行目的是希望它会有用,
    18  //但没有任何保证;甚至没有
    19  //适销性或特定用途的适用性。见
    20  //GNU较低的通用公共许可证,了解更多详细信息。
    21  //
    22  //你应该收到一份GNU较低级别的公共许可证副本
    23  //以及Go以太坊图书馆。如果没有,请参见<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>。
    24  
    25  package ethash
    26  
    27  import (
    28  	"bytes"
    29  	"errors"
    30  	"fmt"
    31  	"math/big"
    32  	"runtime"
    33  	"time"
    34  
    35  	mapset "github.com/deckarep/golang-set"
    36  	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
    37  	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
    38  	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus"
    39  	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/misc"
    40  	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
    41  	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
    42  	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
    43  )
    44  
    45  //
    46  var (
    47  FrontierBlockReward    *big.Int = big.NewInt(5e+18) //在魏块奖励成功开采块
    48  ByzantiumBlockReward   *big.Int = big.NewInt(3e+18) //从拜占庭向上成功开采一个区块,在魏城获得区块奖励
    49  maxUncles                       = 2                 //单个块中允许的最大叔叔数
    50  allowedFutureBlockTime          = 15 * time.Second  //从当前时间算起的最大时间,在考虑将来的块之前
    51  )
    52  
    53  //将块标记为无效的各种错误消息。这些应该是私人的
    54  //防止在
    55  //代码库,如果引擎被换出,则固有的中断。请把普通
    56  //共识包中的错误类型。
    57  var (
    58  	errLargeBlockTime    = errors.New("timestamp too big")
    59  	errZeroBlockTime     = errors.New("timestamp equals parent's")
    60  	errTooManyUncles     = errors.New("too many uncles")
    61  	errDuplicateUncle    = errors.New("duplicate uncle")
    62  	errUncleIsAncestor   = errors.New("uncle is ancestor")
    63  	errDanglingUncle     = errors.New("uncle's parent is not ancestor")
    64  	errInvalidDifficulty = errors.New("non-positive difficulty")
    65  	errInvalidMixDigest  = errors.New("invalid mix digest")
    66  	errInvalidPoW        = errors.New("invalid proof-of-work")
    67  )
    68  
    69  //作者实现共识引擎,返回头部的coinbase作为
    70  //
    71  func (ethash *Ethash) Author(header *types.Header) (common.Address, error) {
    72  	return header.Coinbase, nil
    73  }
    74  
    75  //验证标题检查标题是否符合
    76  //库存以太坊Ethash发动机。
    77  func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header, seal bool) error {
    78  //如果我们正在运行一个完整的引擎伪造,接受任何有效的输入。
    79  	if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFullFake {
    80  		return nil
    81  	}
    82  //如果知道收割台,或其父项不知道,则短路
    83  	number := header.Number.Uint64()
    84  	if chain.GetHeader(header.Hash(), number) != nil {
    85  		return nil
    86  	}
    87  	parent := chain.GetHeader(header.ParentHash, number-1)
    88  	if parent == nil {
    89  		return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
    90  	}
    91  //通过健康检查,进行适当的验证
    92  	return ethash.verifyHeader(chain, header, parent, false, seal)
    93  }
    94  
    95  //VerifyHeaders类似于VerifyHeader,但会验证一批头
    96  //同时地。该方法返回退出通道以中止操作,并且
    97  //用于检索异步验证的结果通道。
    98  func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyHeaders(chain consensus.ChainReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool) (chan<- struct{}, <-chan error) {
    99  //如果我们正在运行一个完整的引擎伪造,接受任何有效的输入。
   100  	if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFullFake || len(headers) == 0 {
   101  		abort, results := make(chan struct{}), make(chan error, len(headers))
   102  		for i := 0; i < len(headers); i++ {
   103  			results <- nil
   104  		}
   105  		return abort, results
   106  	}
   107  
   108  //
   109  	workers := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)
   110  	if len(headers) < workers {
   111  		workers = len(headers)
   112  	}
   113  
   114  //创建任务通道并生成验证程序
   115  	var (
   116  		inputs = make(chan int)
   117  		done   = make(chan int, workers)
   118  		errors = make([]error, len(headers))
   119  		abort  = make(chan struct{})
   120  	)
   121  	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
   122  		go func() {
   123  			for index := range inputs {
   124  				errors[index] = ethash.verifyHeaderWorker(chain, headers, seals, index)
   125  				done <- index
   126  			}
   127  		}()
   128  	}
   129  
   130  	errorsOut := make(chan error, len(headers))
   131  	go func() {
   132  		defer close(inputs)
   133  		var (
   134  			in, out = 0, 0
   135  			checked = make([]bool, len(headers))
   136  			inputs  = inputs
   137  		)
   138  		for {
   139  			select {
   140  			case inputs <- in:
   141  				if in++; in == len(headers) {
   142  //已到达邮件头的结尾。停止向工人发送。
   143  					inputs = nil
   144  				}
   145  			case index := <-done:
   146  				for checked[index] = true; checked[out]; out++ {
   147  					errorsOut <- errors[out]
   148  					if out == len(headers)-1 {
   149  						return
   150  					}
   151  				}
   152  			case <-abort:
   153  				return
   154  			}
   155  		}
   156  	}()
   157  	return abort, errorsOut
   158  }
   159  
   160  func (ethash *Ethash) verifyHeaderWorker(chain consensus.ChainReader, headers []*types.Header, seals []bool, index int) error {
   161  	var parent *types.Header
   162  	if index == 0 {
   163  		parent = chain.GetHeader(headers[0].ParentHash, headers[0].Number.Uint64()-1)
   164  	} else if headers[index-1].Hash() == headers[index].ParentHash {
   165  		parent = headers[index-1]
   166  	}
   167  	if parent == nil {
   168  		return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
   169  	}
   170  	if chain.GetHeader(headers[index].Hash(), headers[index].Number.Uint64()) != nil {
   171  return nil //已知块体
   172  	}
   173  	return ethash.verifyHeader(chain, headers[index], parent, false, seals[index])
   174  }
   175  
   176  //验证叔父验证给定区块的叔父是否符合共识
   177  //股票以太坊的规则。
   178  func (ethash *Ethash) VerifyUncles(chain consensus.ChainReader, block *types.Block) error {
   179  //如果我们正在运行一个完整的引擎伪造,接受任何有效的输入。
   180  	if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFullFake {
   181  		return nil
   182  	}
   183  //验证此块中最多包含2个叔叔
   184  	if len(block.Uncles()) > maxUncles {
   185  		return errTooManyUncles
   186  	}
   187  //收集过去的叔叔和祖先
   188  	uncles, ancestors := mapset.NewSet(), make(map[common.Hash]*types.Header)
   189  
   190  	number, parent := block.NumberU64()-1, block.ParentHash()
   191  	for i := 0; i < 7; i++ {
   192  		ancestor := chain.GetBlock(parent, number)
   193  		if ancestor == nil {
   194  			break
   195  		}
   196  		ancestors[ancestor.Hash()] = ancestor.Header()
   197  		for _, uncle := range ancestor.Uncles() {
   198  			uncles.Add(uncle.Hash())
   199  		}
   200  		parent, number = ancestor.ParentHash(), number-1
   201  	}
   202  	ancestors[block.Hash()] = block.Header()
   203  	uncles.Add(block.Hash())
   204  
   205  //确认每个叔叔都是最近的,但不是祖先
   206  	for _, uncle := range block.Uncles() {
   207  //确保每个叔叔只奖励一次
   208  		hash := uncle.Hash()
   209  		if uncles.Contains(hash) {
   210  			return errDuplicateUncle
   211  		}
   212  		uncles.Add(hash)
   213  
   214  //确保叔叔有一个有效的祖先
   215  		if ancestors[hash] != nil {
   216  			return errUncleIsAncestor
   217  		}
   218  		if ancestors[uncle.ParentHash] == nil || uncle.ParentHash == block.ParentHash() {
   219  			return errDanglingUncle
   220  		}
   221  		if err := ethash.verifyHeader(chain, uncle, ancestors[uncle.ParentHash], true, true); err != nil {
   222  			return err
   223  		}
   224  	}
   225  	return nil
   226  }
   227  
   228  //验证标题检查标题是否符合
   229  //库存以太坊Ethash发动机。
   230  //见YP第4.3.4节。”块头有效期”
   231  func (ethash *Ethash) verifyHeader(chain consensus.ChainReader, header, parent *types.Header, uncle bool, seal bool) error {
   232  //
   233  	if uint64(len(header.Extra)) > params.MaximumExtraDataSize {
   234  		return fmt.Errorf("extra-data too long: %d > %d", len(header.Extra), params.MaximumExtraDataSize)
   235  	}
   236  //验证头的时间戳
   237  	if uncle {
   238  		if header.Time.Cmp(math.MaxBig256) > 0 {
   239  			return errLargeBlockTime
   240  		}
   241  	} else {
   242  		if header.Time.Cmp(big.NewInt(time.Now().Add(allowedFutureBlockTime).Unix())) > 0 {
   243  			return consensus.ErrFutureBlock
   244  		}
   245  	}
   246  	if header.Time.Cmp(parent.Time) <= 0 {
   247  		return errZeroBlockTime
   248  	}
   249  //根据时间戳和父块的难度验证块的难度
   250  	expected := ethash.CalcDifficulty(chain, header.Time.Uint64(), parent)
   251  
   252  	if expected.Cmp(header.Difficulty) != 0 {
   253  		return fmt.Errorf("invalid difficulty: have %v, want %v", header.Difficulty, expected)
   254  	}
   255  //确认气体限值<=2^63-1
   256  	cap := uint64(0x7fffffffffffffff)
   257  	if header.GasLimit > cap {
   258  		return fmt.Errorf("invalid gasLimit: have %v, max %v", header.GasLimit, cap)
   259  	}
   260  //确认所用气体<=气体限值
   261  	if header.GasUsed > header.GasLimit {
   262  		return fmt.Errorf("invalid gasUsed: have %d, gasLimit %d", header.GasUsed, header.GasLimit)
   263  	}
   264  
   265  //确认气体限值保持在允许范围内
   266  	diff := int64(parent.GasLimit) - int64(header.GasLimit)
   267  	if diff < 0 {
   268  		diff *= -1
   269  	}
   270  	limit := parent.GasLimit / params.GasLimitBoundDivisor
   271  
   272  	if uint64(diff) >= limit || header.GasLimit < params.MinGasLimit {
   273  		return fmt.Errorf("invalid gas limit: have %d, want %d += %d", header.GasLimit, parent.GasLimit, limit)
   274  	}
   275  //验证块号是否为父块的+1
   276  	if diff := new(big.Int).Sub(header.Number, parent.Number); diff.Cmp(big.NewInt(1)) != 0 {
   277  		return consensus.ErrInvalidNumber
   278  	}
   279  //确认固定气缸体的发动机专用密封件
   280  	if seal {
   281  		if err := ethash.VerifySeal(chain, header); err != nil {
   282  			return err
   283  		}
   284  	}
   285  //如果所有检查都通过,则验证硬分叉的任何特殊字段
   286  	if err := misc.VerifyDAOHeaderExtraData(chain.Config(), header); err != nil {
   287  		return err
   288  	}
   289  	if err := misc.VerifyForkHashes(chain.Config(), header, uncle); err != nil {
   290  		return err
   291  	}
   292  	return nil
   293  }
   294  
   295  //计算难度是难度调整算法。它返回
   296  //新块在创建时应该具有的困难
   297  //
   298  func (ethash *Ethash) CalcDifficulty(chain consensus.ChainReader, time uint64, parent *types.Header) *big.Int {
   299  	return CalcDifficulty(chain.Config(), time, parent)
   300  }
   301  
   302  //计算难度是难度调整算法。它返回
   303  //新块在创建时应该具有的困难
   304  //考虑到父块的时间和难度。
   305  func CalcDifficulty(config *params.ChainConfig, time uint64, parent *types.Header) *big.Int {
   306  	next := new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number, big1)
   307  	switch {
   308  	case config.IsByzantium(next):
   309  		return calcDifficultyByzantium(time, parent)
   310  	case config.IsHomestead(next):
   311  		return calcDifficultyHomestead(time, parent)
   312  	default:
   313  		return calcDifficultyFrontier(time, parent)
   314  	}
   315  }
   316  
   317  //一些奇怪的常量,以避免为它们分配常量内存。
   318  var (
   319  	expDiffPeriod = big.NewInt(100000)
   320  	big1          = big.NewInt(1)
   321  	big2          = big.NewInt(2)
   322  	big9          = big.NewInt(9)
   323  	big10         = big.NewInt(10)
   324  	bigMinus99    = big.NewInt(-99)
   325  	big2999999    = big.NewInt(2999999)
   326  )
   327  
   328  //拜占庭算法是一种难度调整算法。它返回
   329  //在给定
   330  //父块的时间和难度。计算使用拜占庭规则。
   331  func calcDifficultyByzantium(time uint64, parent *types.Header) *big.Int {
   332  //https://github.com/ethereum/eips/issues/100。
   333  //算法:
   334  //diff=(父级diff+
   335  //(父级差异/2048*最大值((如果len(parent.uncles)为2,否则为1)-((timestamp-parent.timestamp)//9),-99))
   336  //)+2^(周期计数-2)
   337  
   338  	bigTime := new(big.Int).SetUint64(time)
   339  	bigParentTime := new(big.Int).Set(parent.Time)
   340  
   341  //保持中间值以使算法更易于读取和审计
   342  	x := new(big.Int)
   343  	y := new(big.Int)
   344  
   345  //
   346  	x.Sub(bigTime, bigParentTime)
   347  	x.Div(x, big9)
   348  	if parent.UncleHash == types.EmptyUncleHash {
   349  		x.Sub(big1, x)
   350  	} else {
   351  		x.Sub(big2, x)
   352  	}
   353  //max((如果len(parent_uncles)为2,否则为1)-(block_timestamp-parent_timestamp)//9,-99)
   354  	if x.Cmp(bigMinus99) < 0 {
   355  		x.Set(bigMinus99)
   356  	}
   357  //
   358  	y.Div(parent.Difficulty, params.DifficultyBoundDivisor)
   359  	x.Mul(y, x)
   360  	x.Add(parent.Difficulty, x)
   361  
   362  //最小难度可以是(指数因子之前)
   363  	if x.Cmp(params.MinimumDifficulty) < 0 {
   364  		x.Set(params.MinimumDifficulty)
   365  	}
   366  //计算冰期延迟的假块数:
   367  //https://github.com/ethereum/eips/pull/669
   368  //假块编号=最大值(0,块编号-3)
   369  	fakeBlockNumber := new(big.Int)
   370  	if parent.Number.Cmp(big2999999) >= 0 {
   371  fakeBlockNumber = fakeBlockNumber.Sub(parent.Number, big2999999) //注意,父级比实际块号小1
   372  	}
   373  //对于指数因子
   374  	periodCount := fakeBlockNumber
   375  	periodCount.Div(periodCount, expDiffPeriod)
   376  
   377  //指数因子,通常称为“炸弹”
   378  //diff=diff+2^(周期计数-2)
   379  	if periodCount.Cmp(big1) > 0 {
   380  		y.Sub(periodCount, big2)
   381  		y.Exp(big2, y, nil)
   382  		x.Add(x, y)
   383  	}
   384  	return x
   385  }
   386  
   387  //CalcDifficultyHomeStead是难度调整算法。它返回
   388  //在给定
   389  //
   390  func calcDifficultyHomestead(time uint64, parent *types.Header) *big.Int {
   391  //https://github.com/ethereum/eips/blob/master/eips/eip-2.md网站
   392  //算法:
   393  //diff=(父级diff+
   394  //(parent_diff/2048*最大值(1-(block_timestamp-parent_timestamp)//10,-99))
   395  //)+2^(周期计数-2)
   396  
   397  	bigTime := new(big.Int).SetUint64(time)
   398  	bigParentTime := new(big.Int).Set(parent.Time)
   399  
   400  //保持中间值以使算法更易于读取和审计
   401  	x := new(big.Int)
   402  	y := new(big.Int)
   403  
   404  //1-(block_timestamp-parent_timestamp)//10
   405  	x.Sub(bigTime, bigParentTime)
   406  	x.Div(x, big10)
   407  	x.Sub(big1, x)
   408  
   409  //max(1-(block_timestamp-parent_timestamp)//10,-99)
   410  	if x.Cmp(bigMinus99) < 0 {
   411  		x.Set(bigMinus99)
   412  	}
   413  //(parent_diff+parent_diff//2048*最大值(1-(block_timestamp-parent_timestamp)//10,-99))
   414  	y.Div(parent.Difficulty, params.DifficultyBoundDivisor)
   415  	x.Mul(y, x)
   416  	x.Add(parent.Difficulty, x)
   417  
   418  //最小难度可以是(指数因子之前)
   419  	if x.Cmp(params.MinimumDifficulty) < 0 {
   420  		x.Set(params.MinimumDifficulty)
   421  	}
   422  //对于指数因子
   423  	periodCount := new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number, big1)
   424  	periodCount.Div(periodCount, expDiffPeriod)
   425  
   426  //指数因子,通常称为“炸弹”
   427  //diff=diff+2^(周期计数-2)
   428  	if periodCount.Cmp(big1) > 0 {
   429  		y.Sub(periodCount, big2)
   430  		y.Exp(big2, y, nil)
   431  		x.Add(x, y)
   432  	}
   433  	return x
   434  }
   435  
   436  //计算难度边界是难度调整算法。它返回
   437  //在给定父级的情况下创建新块时应具有的困难
   438  //布洛克的时间和难度。计算使用边界规则。
   439  func calcDifficultyFrontier(time uint64, parent *types.Header) *big.Int {
   440  	diff := new(big.Int)
   441  	adjust := new(big.Int).Div(parent.Difficulty, params.DifficultyBoundDivisor)
   442  	bigTime := new(big.Int)
   443  	bigParentTime := new(big.Int)
   444  
   445  	bigTime.SetUint64(time)
   446  	bigParentTime.Set(parent.Time)
   447  
   448  	if bigTime.Sub(bigTime, bigParentTime).Cmp(params.DurationLimit) < 0 {
   449  		diff.Add(parent.Difficulty, adjust)
   450  	} else {
   451  		diff.Sub(parent.Difficulty, adjust)
   452  	}
   453  	if diff.Cmp(params.MinimumDifficulty) < 0 {
   454  		diff.Set(params.MinimumDifficulty)
   455  	}
   456  
   457  	periodCount := new(big.Int).Add(parent.Number, big1)
   458  	periodCount.Div(periodCount, expDiffPeriod)
   459  	if periodCount.Cmp(big1) > 0 {
   460  //diff=diff+2^(周期计数-2)
   461  		expDiff := periodCount.Sub(periodCount, big2)
   462  		expDiff.Exp(big2, expDiff, nil)
   463  		diff.Add(diff, expDiff)
   464  		diff = math.BigMax(diff, params.MinimumDifficulty)
   465  	}
   466  	return diff
   467  }
   468  
   469  //验证seal是否执行共识引擎,检查给定的块是否满足
   470  //POW难度要求。
   471  func (ethash *Ethash) VerifySeal(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header) error {
   472  	return ethash.verifySeal(chain, header, false)
   473  }
   474  
   475  //验证Seal检查块是否满足POW难度要求,
   476  //或者使用通常的ethash缓存,或者使用完整的DAG
   477  //以加快远程挖掘。
   478  func (ethash *Ethash) verifySeal(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header, fulldag bool) error {
   479  //
   480  	if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFake || ethash.config.PowMode == ModeFullFake {
   481  		time.Sleep(ethash.fakeDelay)
   482  		if ethash.fakeFail == header.Number.Uint64() {
   483  			return errInvalidPoW
   484  		}
   485  		return nil
   486  	}
   487  //如果我们正在运行一个共享的POW,请将验证委托给它。
   488  	if ethash.shared != nil {
   489  		return ethash.shared.verifySeal(chain, header, fulldag)
   490  	}
   491  //确保我们有一个有效的障碍。
   492  	if header.Difficulty.Sign() <= 0 {
   493  		return errInvalidDifficulty
   494  	}
   495  //重新计算摘要值和POW值
   496  	number := header.Number.Uint64()
   497  
   498  	var (
   499  		digest []byte
   500  		result []byte
   501  	)
   502  //如果请求快速但繁重的POW验证,请使用ethash数据集
   503  	if fulldag {
   504  		dataset := ethash.dataset(number, true)
   505  		if dataset.generated() {
   506  			digest, result = hashimotoFull(dataset.dataset, header.HashNoNonce().Bytes(), header.Nonce.Uint64())
   507  
   508  //数据集在终结器中未映射。确保数据集保持活动状态
   509  //直到调用后桥本满,所以在使用时不会取消映射。
   510  			runtime.KeepAlive(dataset)
   511  		} else {
   512  //数据集尚未生成,请不要挂起,改用缓存
   513  			fulldag = false
   514  		}
   515  	}
   516  //如果请求缓慢但轻微的POW验证(或DAG尚未就绪),请使用ethash缓存
   517  	if !fulldag {
   518  		cache := ethash.cache(number)
   519  
   520  		size := datasetSize(number)
   521  		if ethash.config.PowMode == ModeTest {
   522  			size = 32 * 1024
   523  		}
   524  		digest, result = hashimotoLight(size, cache.cache, header.HashNoNonce().Bytes(), header.Nonce.Uint64())
   525  
   526  //在终结器中取消映射缓存。确保缓存保持活动状态
   527  //
   528  		runtime.KeepAlive(cache)
   529  	}
   530  //对照标题中提供的值验证计算值
   531  	if !bytes.Equal(header.MixDigest[:], digest) {
   532  		return errInvalidMixDigest
   533  	}
   534  	target := new(big.Int).Div(two256, header.Difficulty)
   535  	if new(big.Int).SetBytes(result).Cmp(target) > 0 {
   536  		return errInvalidPoW
   537  	}
   538  	return nil
   539  }
   540  
   541  //准备执行共识。引擎,初始化
   542  //头符合ethash协议。更改是以内联方式完成的。
   543  func (ethash *Ethash) Prepare(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header) error {
   544  	parent := chain.GetHeader(header.ParentHash, header.Number.Uint64()-1)
   545  	if parent == nil {
   546  		return consensus.ErrUnknownAncestor
   547  	}
   548  	header.Difficulty = ethash.CalcDifficulty(chain, header.Time.Uint64(), parent)
   549  	return nil
   550  }
   551  
   552  //
   553  //设置最终状态并组装块。
   554  func (ethash *Ethash) Finalize(chain consensus.ChainReader, header *types.Header, state *state.StateDB, txs []*types.Transaction, uncles []*types.Header, receipts []*types.Receipt) (*types.Block, error) {
   555  //累积任何块和叔叔奖励并提交最终状态根
   556  	accumulateRewards(chain.Config(), state, header, uncles)
   557  	header.Root = state.IntermediateRoot(chain.Config().IsEIP158(header.Number))
   558  
   559  //收割台似乎已完成,组装成一个块并返回
   560  	return types.NewBlock(header, txs, uncles, receipts), nil
   561  }
   562  
   563  //一些奇怪的常量,以避免为它们分配常量内存。
   564  var (
   565  	big8  = big.NewInt(8)
   566  	big32 = big.NewInt(32)
   567  )
   568  
   569  //累加后,将给定块的coinbase用于采矿。
   570  //奖赏。总奖励包括静态块奖励和
   571  //包括叔叔。每个叔叔街区的硬币库也会得到奖励。
   572  func accumulateRewards(config *params.ChainConfig, state *state.StateDB, header *types.Header, uncles []*types.Header) {
   573  //根据链进程选择正确的区块奖励
   574  	blockReward := FrontierBlockReward
   575  	if config.IsByzantium(header.Number) {
   576  		blockReward = ByzantiumBlockReward
   577  	}
   578  //为矿工和任何包括叔叔的人累积奖励
   579  	reward := new(big.Int).Set(blockReward)
   580  	r := new(big.Int)
   581  	for _, uncle := range uncles {
   582  		r.Add(uncle.Number, big8)
   583  		r.Sub(r, header.Number)
   584  		r.Mul(r, blockReward)
   585  		r.Div(r, big8)
   586  		state.AddBalance(uncle.Coinbase, r)
   587  
   588  		r.Div(blockReward, big32)
   589  		reward.Add(reward, r)
   590  	}
   591  	state.AddBalance(header.Coinbase, reward)
   592  }