github.com/yinchengtsinghua/golang-Eos-dpos-Ethereum@v0.0.0-20190121132951-92cc4225ed8e/core/state/statedb_test.go

//此源码被清华学神尹成大魔王专业翻译分析并修改
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//版权所有2016 Go Ethereum作者
//此文件是Go以太坊库的一部分。
//
//Go-Ethereum库是免费软件：您可以重新分发它和/或修改
//根据GNU发布的较低通用公共许可证的条款
//自由软件基金会，或者许可证的第3版，或者
//（由您选择）任何更高版本。
//
//Go以太坊图书馆的发行目的是希望它会有用，
//但没有任何保证；甚至没有
//适销性或特定用途的适用性。见
//GNU较低的通用公共许可证，了解更多详细信息。
//
//你应该收到一份GNU较低级别的公共许可证副本
//以及Go以太坊图书馆。如果没有，请参见<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>。

package state

import (
	"bytes"
	"encoding/binary"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"math/big"
	"math/rand"
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"testing"
	"testing/quick"

	check "gopkg.in/check.v1"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
)

//更新状态trie之前不泄漏任何数据库写入的测试
//实际提交状态。
func TestUpdateLeaks(t *testing.T) {
//创建空状态数据库
	db := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	state, _ := New(common.Hash{}, NewDatabase(db))

//用一些帐户更新它
	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
		addr := common.BytesToAddress([]byte{i})
		state.AddBalance(addr, big.NewInt(int64(11*i)))
		state.SetNonce(addr, uint64(42*i))
		if i%2 == 0 {
			state.SetState(addr, common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i}), common.BytesToHash([]byte{i, i, i, i}))
		}
		if i%3 == 0 {
			state.SetCode(addr, []byte{i, i, i, i, i})
		}
		state.IntermediateRoot(false)
	}
//确保没有数据泄漏到数据库中
	for _, key := range db.Keys() {
		value, _ := db.Get(key)
		t.Errorf("State leaked into database: %x -> %x", key, value)
	}
}

//测试对象的中间状态是否未存储到数据库中，
//只有一个在提交之前。
func TestIntermediateLeaks(t *testing.T) {
//创建两个状态数据库，一个转换为最终状态，另一个从一开始就是最终状态
	transDb := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	finalDb := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
	transState, _ := New(common.Hash{}, NewDatabase(transDb))
	finalState, _ := New(common.Hash{}, NewDatabase(finalDb))

	modify := func(state *StateDB, addr common.Address, i, tweak byte) {
		state.SetBalance(addr, big.NewInt(int64(11*i)+int64(tweak)))
		state.SetNonce(addr, uint64(42*i+tweak))
		if i%2 == 0 {
			state.SetState(addr, common.Hash{i, i, i, 0}, common.Hash{})
			state.SetState(addr, common.Hash{i, i, i, tweak}, common.Hash{i, i, i, i, tweak})
		}
		if i%3 == 0 {
			state.SetCode(addr, []byte{i, i, i, i, i, tweak})
		}
	}

//修改瞬态。
	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
		modify(transState, common.Address{byte(i)}, i, 0)
	}
//将修改写入trie。
	transState.IntermediateRoot(false)

//用临时数据库中的新值覆盖所有数据。
	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
		modify(transState, common.Address{byte(i)}, i, 99)
		modify(finalState, common.Address{byte(i)}, i, 99)
	}

//提交并交叉检查数据库。
	if _, err := transState.Commit(false); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to commit transition state: %v", err)
	}
	if _, err := finalState.Commit(false); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to commit final state: %v", err)
	}
	for _, key := range finalDb.Keys() {
		if _, err := transDb.Get(key); err != nil {
			val, _ := finalDb.Get(key)
			t.Errorf("entry missing from the transition database: %x -> %x", key, val)
		}
	}
	for _, key := range transDb.Keys() {
		if _, err := finalDb.Get(key); err != nil {
			val, _ := transDb.Get(key)
			t.Errorf("extra entry in the transition database: %x -> %x", key, val)
		}
	}
}

//testcopy测试复制statedb对象确实会使
//相互独立的副本。此测试是对
//https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/15549。
func TestCopy(t *testing.T) {
//创建随机状态测试以“独立”复制和修改
	orig, _ := New(common.Hash{}, NewDatabase(ethdb.NewMemDatabase()))

	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
		obj := orig.GetOrNewStateObject(common.BytesToAddress([]byte{i}))
		obj.AddBalance(big.NewInt(int64(i)))
		orig.updateStateObject(obj)
	}
	orig.Finalise(false)

//复制状态，在内存中修改
	copy := orig.Copy()

	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
		origObj := orig.GetOrNewStateObject(common.BytesToAddress([]byte{i}))
		copyObj := copy.GetOrNewStateObject(common.BytesToAddress([]byte{i}))

		origObj.AddBalance(big.NewInt(2 * int64(i)))
		copyObj.AddBalance(big.NewInt(3 * int64(i)))

		orig.updateStateObject(origObj)
		copy.updateStateObject(copyObj)
	}
//同时完成两个方面的更改
	done := make(chan struct{})
	go func() {
		orig.Finalise(true)
		close(done)
	}()
	copy.Finalise(true)
	<-done

//验证两个状态是否已独立更新
	for i := byte(0); i < 255; i++ {
		origObj := orig.GetOrNewStateObject(common.BytesToAddress([]byte{i}))
		copyObj := copy.GetOrNewStateObject(common.BytesToAddress([]byte{i}))

		if want := big.NewInt(3 * int64(i)); origObj.Balance().Cmp(want) != 0 {
			t.Errorf("orig obj %d: balance mismatch: have %v, want %v", i, origObj.Balance(), want)
		}
		if want := big.NewInt(4 * int64(i)); copyObj.Balance().Cmp(want) != 0 {
			t.Errorf("copy obj %d: balance mismatch: have %v, want %v", i, copyObj.Balance(), want)
		}
	}
}

func TestSnapshotRandom(t *testing.T) {
	config := &quick.Config{MaxCount: 1000}
	err := quick.Check((*snapshotTest).run, config)
	if cerr, ok := err.(*quick.CheckError); ok {
		test := cerr.In[0].(*snapshotTest)
		t.Errorf("%v:\n%s", test.err, test)
	} else if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}
}

//Snapshottest检查恢复statedb快照是否正确撤消所有更改
//由快照捕获。将创建具有伪随机内容的此测试的实例
//通过生成。
//
//试验工作如下：
//
//将创建一个新状态并对其应用所有操作。拍摄了几个快照
//在行动之间。然后测试恢复每个快照。对于每个快照，操作
//在它之前是在一个新鲜的、空的状态下重播的。所有公众的行为
//还原状态的访问器方法必须与等效的返回值匹配
//方法。
type snapshotTest struct {
addrs     []common.Address //所有帐户地址
actions   []testAction     //对国家的修改
snapshots []int            //执行快照的操作索引
err       error            //通过此字段报告故障详细信息
}

type testAction struct {
	name   string
	fn     func(testAction, *StateDB)
	args   []int64
	noAddr bool
}

//NewTestAction创建一个更改状态的随机操作。
func newTestAction(addr common.Address, r *rand.Rand) testAction {
	actions := []testAction{
		{
			name: "SetBalance",
			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
				s.SetBalance(addr, big.NewInt(a.args[0]))
			},
			args: make([]int64, 1),
		},
		{
			name: "AddBalance",
			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
				s.AddBalance(addr, big.NewInt(a.args[0]))
			},
			args: make([]int64, 1),
		},
		{
			name: "SetNonce",
			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
				s.SetNonce(addr, uint64(a.args[0]))
			},
			args: make([]int64, 1),
		},
		{
			name: "SetState",
			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
				var key, val common.Hash
				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(key[:], uint16(a.args[0]))
				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(val[:], uint16(a.args[1]))
				s.SetState(addr, key, val)
			},
			args: make([]int64, 2),
		},
		{
			name: "SetCode",
			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
				code := make([]byte, 16)
				binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(code, uint64(a.args[0]))
				binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(code[8:], uint64(a.args[1]))
				s.SetCode(addr, code)
			},
			args: make([]int64, 2),
		},
		{
			name: "CreateAccount",
			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
				s.CreateAccount(addr)
			},
		},
		{
			name: "Suicide",
			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
				s.Suicide(addr)
			},
		},
		{
			name: "AddRefund",
			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
				s.AddRefund(uint64(a.args[0]))
			},
			args:   make([]int64, 1),
			noAddr: true,
		},
		{
			name: "AddLog",
			fn: func(a testAction, s *StateDB) {
				data := make([]byte, 2)
				binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(data, uint16(a.args[0]))
				s.AddLog(&types.Log{Address: addr, Data: data})
			},
			args: make([]int64, 1),
		},
	}
	action := actions[r.Intn(len(actions))]
	var nameargs []string
	if !action.noAddr {
		nameargs = append(nameargs, addr.Hex())
	}
	for _, i := range action.args {
		action.args[i] = rand.Int63n(100)
		nameargs = append(nameargs, fmt.Sprint(action.args[i]))
	}
	action.name += strings.Join(nameargs, ", ")
	return action
}

//generate返回给定大小的新快照测试。所有的随机性都是
//源自R
func (*snapshotTest) Generate(r *rand.Rand, size int) reflect.Value {
//生成随机动作。
	addrs := make([]common.Address, 50)
	for i := range addrs {
		addrs[i][0] = byte(i)
	}
	actions := make([]testAction, size)
	for i := range actions {
		addr := addrs[r.Intn(len(addrs))]
		actions[i] = newTestAction(addr, r)
	}
//生成快照索引。
	nsnapshots := int(math.Sqrt(float64(size)))
	if size > 0 && nsnapshots == 0 {
		nsnapshots = 1
	}
	snapshots := make([]int, nsnapshots)
	snaplen := len(actions) / nsnapshots
	for i := range snapshots {
//试着把快照放在一些动作之间。
		snapshots[i] = (i * snaplen) + r.Intn(snaplen)
	}
	return reflect.ValueOf(&snapshotTest{addrs, actions, snapshots, nil})
}

func (test *snapshotTest) String() string {
	out := new(bytes.Buffer)
	sindex := 0
	for i, action := range test.actions {
		if len(test.snapshots) > sindex && i == test.snapshots[sindex] {
			fmt.Fprintf(out, "---- snapshot %d ----\n", sindex)
			sindex++
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(out, "%4d: %s\n", i, action.name)
	}
	return out.String()
}

func (test *snapshotTest) run() bool {
//运行所有操作并创建快照。
	var (
		state, _     = New(common.Hash{}, NewDatabase(ethdb.NewMemDatabase()))
		snapshotRevs = make([]int, len(test.snapshots))
		sindex       = 0
	)
	for i, action := range test.actions {
		if len(test.snapshots) > sindex && i == test.snapshots[sindex] {
			snapshotRevs[sindex] = state.Snapshot()
			sindex++
		}
		action.fn(action, state)
	}
//按相反顺序还原所有快照。每个还原都必须产生一个状态
//这相当于应用了快照上的所有操作后的新状态。
	for sindex--; sindex >= 0; sindex-- {
		checkstate, _ := New(common.Hash{}, state.Database())
		for _, action := range test.actions[:test.snapshots[sindex]] {
			action.fn(action, checkstate)
		}
		state.RevertToSnapshot(snapshotRevs[sindex])
		if err := test.checkEqual(state, checkstate); err != nil {
			test.err = fmt.Errorf("state mismatch after revert to snapshot %d\n%v", sindex, err)
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

//checkequal检查state和checkstate方法是否返回相同的值。
func (test *snapshotTest) checkEqual(state, checkstate *StateDB) error {
	for _, addr := range test.addrs {
		var err error
		checkeq := func(op string, a, b interface{}) bool {
			if err == nil && !reflect.DeepEqual(a, b) {
				err = fmt.Errorf("got %s(%s) == %v, want %v", op, addr.Hex(), a, b)
				return false
			}
			return true
		}
//检查基本访问器方法。
		checkeq("Exist", state.Exist(addr), checkstate.Exist(addr))
		checkeq("HasSuicided", state.HasSuicided(addr), checkstate.HasSuicided(addr))
		checkeq("GetBalance", state.GetBalance(addr), checkstate.GetBalance(addr))
		checkeq("GetNonce", state.GetNonce(addr), checkstate.GetNonce(addr))
		checkeq("GetCode", state.GetCode(addr), checkstate.GetCode(addr))
		checkeq("GetCodeHash", state.GetCodeHash(addr), checkstate.GetCodeHash(addr))
		checkeq("GetCodeSize", state.GetCodeSize(addr), checkstate.GetCodeSize(addr))
//检查存储。
		if obj := state.getStateObject(addr); obj != nil {
			state.ForEachStorage(addr, func(key, val common.Hash) bool {
				return checkeq("GetState("+key.Hex()+")", val, checkstate.GetState(addr, key))
			})
			checkstate.ForEachStorage(addr, func(key, checkval common.Hash) bool {
				return checkeq("GetState("+key.Hex()+")", state.GetState(addr, key), checkval)
			})
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if state.GetRefund() != checkstate.GetRefund() {
		return fmt.Errorf("got GetRefund() == %d, want GetRefund() == %d",
			state.GetRefund(), checkstate.GetRefund())
	}
	if !reflect.DeepEqual(state.GetLogs(common.Hash{}), checkstate.GetLogs(common.Hash{})) {
		return fmt.Errorf("got GetLogs(common.Hash{}) == %v, want GetLogs(common.Hash{}) == %v",
			state.GetLogs(common.Hash{}), checkstate.GetLogs(common.Hash{}))
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *StateSuite) TestTouchDelete(c *check.C) {
	s.state.GetOrNewStateObject(common.Address{})
	root, _ := s.state.Commit(false)
	s.state.Reset(root)

	snapshot := s.state.Snapshot()
	s.state.AddBalance(common.Address{}, new(big.Int))

	if len(s.state.journal.dirties) != 1 {
		c.Fatal("expected one dirty state object")
	}
	s.state.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
	if len(s.state.journal.dirties) != 0 {
		c.Fatal("expected no dirty state object")
	}
}

//testcopyofcopy测试修改后的对象将被转移到副本和副本。
//请参见https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/15225_issuecomment-380191512
func TestCopyOfCopy(t *testing.T) {
	sdb, _ := New(common.Hash{}, NewDatabase(ethdb.NewMemDatabase()))
	addr := common.HexToAddress("aaaa")
	sdb.SetBalance(addr, big.NewInt(42))

	if got := sdb.Copy().GetBalance(addr).Uint64(); got != 42 {
		t.Fatalf("1st copy fail, expected 42, got %v", got)
	}
	if got := sdb.Copy().Copy().GetBalance(addr).Uint64(); got != 42 {
		t.Fatalf("2nd copy fail, expected 42, got %v", got)
	}
}