gvisor.dev/gvisor@v0.0.0-20240520182842-f9d4d51c7e0f/pkg/sentry/socket/netlink/socket.go

// Copyright 2018 The gVisor Authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// Package netlink provides core functionality for netlink sockets.
package netlink

import (
	"io"
	"math"
	"time"

	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/abi/linux/errno"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/context"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/errors/linuxerr"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/hostarch"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/marshal"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/marshal/primitive"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/arch"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/auth"
	ktime "gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/kernel/time"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/socket"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/socket/netlink/nlmsg"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/socket/netlink/port"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/socket/unix"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/socket/unix/transport"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sentry/vfs"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/sync"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/syserr"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/usermem"
	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
)

const sizeOfInt32 int = 4

const (
	// minBufferSize is the smallest size of a send buffer.
	minSendBufferSize = 4 << 10 // 4096 bytes.

	// defaultSendBufferSize is the default size for the send buffer.
	defaultSendBufferSize = 16 * 1024

	// maxBufferSize is the largest size a send buffer can grow to.
	maxSendBufferSize = 4 << 20 // 4MB
)

var errNoFilter = syserr.New("no filter attached", errno.ENOENT)

// Socket is the base socket type for netlink sockets.
//
// This implementation only supports userspace sending and receiving messages
// to/from the kernel.
//
// Socket implements socket.Socket and transport.Credentialer.
//
// +stateify savable
type Socket struct {
	vfsfd vfs.FileDescription
	vfs.FileDescriptionDefaultImpl
	vfs.DentryMetadataFileDescriptionImpl
	vfs.LockFD
	socket.SendReceiveTimeout

	// ports provides netlink port allocation.
	ports *port.Manager

	// protocol is the netlink protocol implementation.
	protocol Protocol

	// skType is the socket type. This is either SOCK_DGRAM or SOCK_RAW for
	// netlink sockets.
	skType linux.SockType

	// ep is a datagram unix endpoint used to buffer messages sent from the
	// kernel to userspace. RecvMsg reads messages from this endpoint.
	ep transport.Endpoint

	// connection is the kernel's connection to ep, used to write messages
	// sent to userspace.
	connection transport.ConnectedEndpoint

	// mu protects the fields below.
	mu sync.Mutex `state:"nosave"`

	// bound indicates that portid is valid.
	bound bool

	// portID is the port ID allocated for this socket.
	portID int32

	// sendBufferSize is the send buffer "size". We don't actually have a
	// fixed buffer but only consume this many bytes.
	sendBufferSize uint32

	// filter indicates that this socket has a BPF filter "installed".
	//
	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/1119): We don't actually support filtering,
	// this is just bookkeeping for tracking add/remove.
	filter bool
}

var _ socket.Socket = (*Socket)(nil)
var _ transport.Credentialer = (*Socket)(nil)

// New creates a new Socket.
func New(t *kernel.Task, skType linux.SockType, protocol Protocol) (*Socket, *syserr.Error) {
	// Datagram endpoint used to buffer kernel -> user messages.
	ep := transport.NewConnectionless(t)

	// Bind the endpoint for good measure so we can connect to it. The
	// bound address will never be exposed.
	if err := ep.Bind(transport.Address{Addr: "dummy"}); err != nil {
		ep.Close(t)
		return nil, err
	}

	// Create a connection from which the kernel can write messages.
	connection, err := ep.(transport.BoundEndpoint).UnidirectionalConnect(t)
	if err != nil {
		ep.Close(t)
		return nil, err
	}

	fd := &Socket{
		ports:          t.Kernel().NetlinkPorts(),
		protocol:       protocol,
		skType:         skType,
		ep:             ep,
		connection:     connection,
		sendBufferSize: defaultSendBufferSize,
	}
	fd.LockFD.Init(&vfs.FileLocks{})
	return fd, nil
}

// Release implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.Release.
func (s *Socket) Release(ctx context.Context) {
	t := kernel.TaskFromContext(ctx)
	t.Kernel().DeleteSocket(&s.vfsfd)
	s.connection.Release(ctx)
	s.ep.Close(ctx)

	if s.bound {
		s.ports.Release(s.protocol.Protocol(), s.portID)
	}
}

// Epollable implements FileDescriptionImpl.Epollable.
func (s *Socket) Epollable() bool {
	return true
}

// Ioctl implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.
func (*Socket) Ioctl(ctx context.Context, uio usermem.IO, sysno uintptr, args arch.SyscallArguments) (uintptr, error) {
	// TODO(b/68878065): no ioctls supported.
	return 0, linuxerr.ENOTTY
}

// PRead implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.
func (s *Socket) PRead(ctx context.Context, dst usermem.IOSequence, offset int64, opts vfs.ReadOptions) (int64, error) {
	return 0, linuxerr.ESPIPE
}

// Read implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.
func (s *Socket) Read(ctx context.Context, dst usermem.IOSequence, opts vfs.ReadOptions) (int64, error) {
	// All flags other than RWF_NOWAIT should be ignored.
	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/2601): Support RWF_NOWAIT.
	if opts.Flags != 0 {
		return 0, linuxerr.EOPNOTSUPP
	}

	if dst.NumBytes() == 0 {
		return 0, nil
	}
	r := unix.EndpointReader{
		Endpoint: s.ep,
	}
	n, err := dst.CopyOutFrom(ctx, &r)
	if r.Notify != nil {
		r.Notify()
	}
	return n, err
}

// PWrite implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.
func (s *Socket) PWrite(ctx context.Context, src usermem.IOSequence, offset int64, opts vfs.WriteOptions) (int64, error) {
	return 0, linuxerr.ESPIPE
}

// Write implements vfs.FileDescriptionImpl.
func (s *Socket) Write(ctx context.Context, src usermem.IOSequence, opts vfs.WriteOptions) (int64, error) {
	// All flags other than RWF_NOWAIT should be ignored.
	// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/2601): Support RWF_NOWAIT.
	if opts.Flags != 0 {
		return 0, linuxerr.EOPNOTSUPP
	}

	n, err := s.sendMsg(ctx, src, nil, 0, socket.ControlMessages{})
	return int64(n), err.ToError()
}

// Readiness implements waiter.Waitable.Readiness.
func (s *Socket) Readiness(mask waiter.EventMask) waiter.EventMask {
	// ep holds messages to be read and thus handles EventIn readiness.
	ready := s.ep.Readiness(mask)

	if mask&waiter.WritableEvents != 0 {
		// sendMsg handles messages synchronously and is thus always
		// ready for writing.
		ready |= waiter.WritableEvents
	}

	return ready
}

// EventRegister implements waiter.Waitable.EventRegister.
func (s *Socket) EventRegister(e *waiter.Entry) error {
	return s.ep.EventRegister(e)
	// Writable readiness never changes, so no registration is needed.
}

// EventUnregister implements waiter.Waitable.EventUnregister.
func (s *Socket) EventUnregister(e *waiter.Entry) {
	s.ep.EventUnregister(e)
}

// Passcred implements transport.Credentialer.Passcred.
func (s *Socket) Passcred() bool {
	return s.ep.SocketOptions().GetPassCred()
}

// ConnectedPasscred implements transport.Credentialer.ConnectedPasscred.
func (s *Socket) ConnectedPasscred() bool {
	// This socket is connected to the kernel, which doesn't need creds.
	//
	// This is arbitrary, as ConnectedPasscred on this type has no callers.
	return false
}

// ExtractSockAddr extracts the SockAddrNetlink from b.
func ExtractSockAddr(b []byte) (*linux.SockAddrNetlink, *syserr.Error) {
	if len(b) < linux.SockAddrNetlinkSize {
		return nil, syserr.ErrBadAddress
	}

	var sa linux.SockAddrNetlink
	sa.UnmarshalUnsafe(b)

	if sa.Family != linux.AF_NETLINK {
		return nil, syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
	}

	return &sa, nil
}

// bindPort binds this socket to a port, preferring 'port' if it is available.
//
// port of 0 defaults to the ThreadGroup ID.
//
// Preconditions: mu is held.
func (s *Socket) bindPort(t *kernel.Task, port int32) *syserr.Error {
	if s.bound {
		// Re-binding is only allowed if the port doesn't change.
		if port != s.portID {
			return syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
		}

		return nil
	}

	if port == 0 {
		port = int32(t.ThreadGroup().ID())
	}
	port, ok := s.ports.Allocate(s.protocol.Protocol(), port)
	if !ok {
		return syserr.ErrBusy
	}

	s.portID = port
	s.bound = true
	return nil
}

// Bind implements socket.Socket.Bind.
func (s *Socket) Bind(t *kernel.Task, sockaddr []byte) *syserr.Error {
	a, err := ExtractSockAddr(sockaddr)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// No support for multicast groups yet.
	if a.Groups != 0 {
		return syserr.ErrPermissionDenied
	}

	s.mu.Lock()
	defer s.mu.Unlock()

	return s.bindPort(t, int32(a.PortID))
}

// Connect implements socket.Socket.Connect.
func (s *Socket) Connect(t *kernel.Task, sockaddr []byte, blocking bool) *syserr.Error {
	a, err := ExtractSockAddr(sockaddr)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// No support for multicast groups yet.
	if a.Groups != 0 {
		return syserr.ErrPermissionDenied
	}

	s.mu.Lock()
	defer s.mu.Unlock()

	if a.PortID == 0 {
		// Netlink sockets default to connected to the kernel, but
		// connecting anyways automatically binds if not already bound.
		if !s.bound {
			// Pass port 0 to get an auto-selected port ID.
			return s.bindPort(t, 0)
		}
		return nil
	}

	// We don't support non-kernel destination ports. Linux returns EPERM
	// if applications attempt to do this without NL_CFG_F_NONROOT_SEND, so
	// we emulate that.
	return syserr.ErrPermissionDenied
}

// Accept implements socket.Socket.Accept.
func (s *Socket) Accept(t *kernel.Task, peerRequested bool, flags int, blocking bool) (int32, linux.SockAddr, uint32, *syserr.Error) {
	// Netlink sockets never support accept.
	return 0, nil, 0, syserr.ErrNotSupported
}

// Listen implements socket.Socket.Listen.
func (s *Socket) Listen(t *kernel.Task, backlog int) *syserr.Error {
	// Netlink sockets never support listen.
	return syserr.ErrNotSupported
}

// Shutdown implements socket.Socket.Shutdown.
func (s *Socket) Shutdown(t *kernel.Task, how int) *syserr.Error {
	// Netlink sockets never support shutdown.
	return syserr.ErrNotSupported
}

// GetSockOpt implements socket.Socket.GetSockOpt.
func (s *Socket) GetSockOpt(t *kernel.Task, level int, name int, outPtr hostarch.Addr, outLen int) (marshal.Marshallable, *syserr.Error) {
	switch level {
	case linux.SOL_SOCKET:
		switch name {
		case linux.SO_SNDBUF:
			if outLen < sizeOfInt32 {
				return nil, syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
			}
			s.mu.Lock()
			defer s.mu.Unlock()
			return primitive.AllocateInt32(int32(s.sendBufferSize)), nil

		case linux.SO_RCVBUF:
			if outLen < sizeOfInt32 {
				return nil, syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
			}
			// We don't have limit on receiving size.
			return primitive.AllocateInt32(math.MaxInt32), nil

		case linux.SO_PASSCRED:
			if outLen < sizeOfInt32 {
				return nil, syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
			}
			var passcred primitive.Int32
			if s.Passcred() {
				passcred = 1
			}
			return &passcred, nil

		case linux.SO_SNDTIMEO:
			if outLen < linux.SizeOfTimeval {
				return nil, syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
			}
			sendTimeout := linux.NsecToTimeval(s.SendTimeout())
			return &sendTimeout, nil

		case linux.SO_RCVTIMEO:
			if outLen < linux.SizeOfTimeval {
				return nil, syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
			}
			recvTimeout := linux.NsecToTimeval(s.RecvTimeout())
			return &recvTimeout, nil
		}
	case linux.SOL_NETLINK:
		switch name {
		case linux.NETLINK_BROADCAST_ERROR,
			linux.NETLINK_CAP_ACK,
			linux.NETLINK_DUMP_STRICT_CHK,
			linux.NETLINK_EXT_ACK,
			linux.NETLINK_LIST_MEMBERSHIPS,
			linux.NETLINK_NO_ENOBUFS,
			linux.NETLINK_PKTINFO:
			// Not supported.
		}
	}
	// TODO(b/68878065): other sockopts are not supported.
	return nil, syserr.ErrProtocolNotAvailable
}

// SetSockOpt implements socket.Socket.SetSockOpt.
func (s *Socket) SetSockOpt(t *kernel.Task, level int, name int, opt []byte) *syserr.Error {
	switch level {
	case linux.SOL_SOCKET:
		switch name {
		case linux.SO_SNDBUF:
			if len(opt) < sizeOfInt32 {
				return syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
			}
			size := hostarch.ByteOrder.Uint32(opt)
			if size < minSendBufferSize {
				size = minSendBufferSize
			} else if size > maxSendBufferSize {
				size = maxSendBufferSize
			}
			s.mu.Lock()
			s.sendBufferSize = size
			s.mu.Unlock()
			return nil

		case linux.SO_RCVBUF:
			if len(opt) < sizeOfInt32 {
				return syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
			}
			// We don't have limit on receiving size. So just accept anything as
			// valid for compatibility.
			return nil

		case linux.SO_PASSCRED:
			if len(opt) < sizeOfInt32 {
				return syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
			}
			passcred := hostarch.ByteOrder.Uint32(opt)

			s.ep.SocketOptions().SetPassCred(passcred != 0)
			return nil

		case linux.SO_ATTACH_FILTER:
			// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/1119): We don't actually
			// support filtering. If this socket can't ever send
			// messages, then there is nothing to filter and we can
			// advertise support. Otherwise, be conservative and
			// return an error.
			if s.protocol.CanSend() {
				return syserr.ErrProtocolNotAvailable
			}

			s.mu.Lock()
			s.filter = true
			s.mu.Unlock()
			return nil

		case linux.SO_DETACH_FILTER:
			// TODO(gvisor.dev/issue/1119): See above.
			if s.protocol.CanSend() {
				return syserr.ErrProtocolNotAvailable
			}

			s.mu.Lock()
			filter := s.filter
			s.filter = false
			s.mu.Unlock()

			if !filter {
				return errNoFilter
			}

			return nil

		case linux.SO_SNDTIMEO:
			if len(opt) < linux.SizeOfTimeval {
				return syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
			}

			var v linux.Timeval
			v.UnmarshalBytes(opt)
			if v.Usec < 0 || v.Usec >= int64(time.Second/time.Microsecond) {
				return syserr.ErrDomain
			}
			s.SetSendTimeout(v.ToNsecCapped())
			return nil

		case linux.SO_RCVTIMEO:
			if len(opt) < linux.SizeOfTimeval {
				return syserr.ErrInvalidArgument
			}

			var v linux.Timeval
			v.UnmarshalBytes(opt)
			if v.Usec < 0 || v.Usec >= int64(time.Second/time.Microsecond) {
				return syserr.ErrDomain
			}
			s.SetRecvTimeout(v.ToNsecCapped())
			return nil
		}
	case linux.SOL_NETLINK:
		switch name {
		case linux.NETLINK_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
			linux.NETLINK_BROADCAST_ERROR,
			linux.NETLINK_CAP_ACK,
			linux.NETLINK_DROP_MEMBERSHIP,
			linux.NETLINK_DUMP_STRICT_CHK,
			linux.NETLINK_EXT_ACK,
			linux.NETLINK_LISTEN_ALL_NSID,
			linux.NETLINK_NO_ENOBUFS,
			linux.NETLINK_PKTINFO:
			// Not supported.
		}
	}

	// TODO(b/68878065): other sockopts are not supported.
	return syserr.ErrProtocolNotAvailable
}

// GetSockName implements socket.Socket.GetSockName.
func (s *Socket) GetSockName(t *kernel.Task) (linux.SockAddr, uint32, *syserr.Error) {
	s.mu.Lock()
	defer s.mu.Unlock()

	sa := &linux.SockAddrNetlink{
		Family: linux.AF_NETLINK,
		PortID: uint32(s.portID),
	}
	return sa, uint32(sa.SizeBytes()), nil
}

// GetPeerName implements socket.Socket.GetPeerName.
func (s *Socket) GetPeerName(t *kernel.Task) (linux.SockAddr, uint32, *syserr.Error) {
	sa := &linux.SockAddrNetlink{
		Family: linux.AF_NETLINK,
		// TODO(b/68878065): Support non-kernel peers. For now the peer
		// must be the kernel.
		PortID: 0,
	}
	return sa, uint32(sa.SizeBytes()), nil
}

// RecvMsg implements socket.Socket.RecvMsg.
func (s *Socket) RecvMsg(t *kernel.Task, dst usermem.IOSequence, flags int, haveDeadline bool, deadline ktime.Time, senderRequested bool, controlDataLen uint64) (int, int, linux.SockAddr, uint32, socket.ControlMessages, *syserr.Error) {
	from := &linux.SockAddrNetlink{
		Family: linux.AF_NETLINK,
		PortID: 0,
	}
	fromLen := uint32(from.SizeBytes())

	trunc := flags&linux.MSG_TRUNC != 0

	r := unix.EndpointReader{
		Ctx:      t,
		Endpoint: s.ep,
		Peek:     flags&linux.MSG_PEEK != 0,
	}

	doRead := func() (int64, error) {
		return dst.CopyOutFrom(t, &r)
	}

	// If MSG_TRUNC is set with a zero byte destination then we still need
	// to read the message and discard it, or in the case where MSG_PEEK is
	// set, leave it be. In both cases the full message length must be
	// returned.
	if trunc && dst.Addrs.NumBytes() == 0 {
		doRead = func() (int64, error) {
			err := r.Truncate()
			// Always return zero for bytes read since the destination size is
			// zero.
			return 0, err
		}
	}

	if n, err := doRead(); err != linuxerr.ErrWouldBlock || flags&linux.MSG_DONTWAIT != 0 {
		var mflags int
		if n < int64(r.MsgSize) {
			mflags |= linux.MSG_TRUNC
		}
		if trunc {
			n = int64(r.MsgSize)
		}
		return int(n), mflags, from, fromLen, socket.ControlMessages{}, syserr.FromError(err)
	}

	// We'll have to block. Register for notification and keep trying to
	// receive all the data.
	e, ch := waiter.NewChannelEntry(waiter.ReadableEvents)
	if err := s.EventRegister(&e); err != nil {
		return 0, 0, from, fromLen, socket.ControlMessages{}, syserr.FromError(err)
	}
	defer s.EventUnregister(&e)

	for {
		if n, err := doRead(); err != linuxerr.ErrWouldBlock {
			var mflags int
			if n < int64(r.MsgSize) {
				mflags |= linux.MSG_TRUNC
			}
			if trunc {
				n = int64(r.MsgSize)
			}
			return int(n), mflags, from, fromLen, socket.ControlMessages{}, syserr.FromError(err)
		}

		if err := t.BlockWithDeadline(ch, haveDeadline, deadline); err != nil {
			if linuxerr.Equals(linuxerr.ETIMEDOUT, err) {
				return 0, 0, nil, 0, socket.ControlMessages{}, syserr.ErrTryAgain
			}
			return 0, 0, nil, 0, socket.ControlMessages{}, syserr.FromError(err)
		}
	}
}

// kernelSCM implements control.SCMCredentials with credentials that represent
// the kernel itself rather than a Task.
//
// +stateify savable
type kernelSCM struct{}

// Equals implements transport.CredentialsControlMessage.Equals.
func (kernelSCM) Equals(oc transport.CredentialsControlMessage) bool {
	_, ok := oc.(kernelSCM)
	return ok
}

// Credentials implements control.SCMCredentials.Credentials.
func (kernelSCM) Credentials(*kernel.Task) (kernel.ThreadID, auth.UID, auth.GID) {
	return 0, auth.RootUID, auth.RootGID
}

// kernelCreds is the concrete version of kernelSCM used in all creds.
var kernelCreds = &kernelSCM{}

// sendResponse sends the response messages in ms back to userspace.
func (s *Socket) sendResponse(ctx context.Context, ms *nlmsg.MessageSet) *syserr.Error {
	// Linux combines multiple netlink messages into a single datagram.
	bufs := make([][]byte, 0, len(ms.Messages))
	for _, m := range ms.Messages {
		bufs = append(bufs, m.Finalize())
	}

	// All messages are from the kernel.
	cms := transport.ControlMessages{
		Credentials: kernelCreds,
	}

	if len(bufs) > 0 {
		// RecvMsg never receives the address, so we don't need to send
		// one.
		_, notify, err := s.connection.Send(ctx, bufs, cms, transport.Address{})
		// If the buffer is full, we simply drop messages, just like
		// Linux.
		if err != nil && err != syserr.ErrWouldBlock {
			return err
		}
		if notify {
			s.connection.SendNotify()
		}
	}

	// N.B. multi-part messages should still send NLMSG_DONE even if
	// nlmsg.MessageSet contains no messages.
	//
	// N.B. NLMSG_DONE is always sent in a different datagram. See
	// net/netlink/af_netlink.c:netlink_dump.
	if ms.Multi {
		m := nlmsg.NewMessage(linux.NetlinkMessageHeader{
			Type:   linux.NLMSG_DONE,
			Flags:  linux.NLM_F_MULTI,
			Seq:    ms.Seq,
			PortID: uint32(ms.PortID),
		})

		// Add the dump_done_errno payload.
		m.Put(primitive.AllocateInt64(0))

		_, notify, err := s.connection.Send(ctx, [][]byte{m.Finalize()}, cms, transport.Address{})
		if err != nil && err != syserr.ErrWouldBlock {
			return err
		}
		if notify {
			s.connection.SendNotify()
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func dumpErrorMessage(hdr linux.NetlinkMessageHeader, ms *nlmsg.MessageSet, err *syserr.Error) {
	m := ms.AddMessage(linux.NetlinkMessageHeader{
		Type: linux.NLMSG_ERROR,
	})
	m.Put(&linux.NetlinkErrorMessage{
		Error:  int32(-err.ToLinux()),
		Header: hdr,
	})
}

func dumpAckMessage(hdr linux.NetlinkMessageHeader, ms *nlmsg.MessageSet) {
	m := ms.AddMessage(linux.NetlinkMessageHeader{
		Type: linux.NLMSG_ERROR,
	})
	m.Put(&linux.NetlinkErrorMessage{
		Error:  0,
		Header: hdr,
	})
}

// processMessages handles each message in buf, passing it to the protocol
// handler for final handling.
func (s *Socket) processMessages(ctx context.Context, buf []byte) *syserr.Error {
	for len(buf) > 0 {
		msg, rest, ok := nlmsg.ParseMessage(buf)
		if !ok {
			// Linux ignores messages that are too short. See
			// net/netlink/af_netlink.c:netlink_rcv_skb.
			break
		}
		buf = rest
		hdr := msg.Header()

		// Ignore control messages.
		if hdr.Type < linux.NLMSG_MIN_TYPE {
			continue
		}

		ms := nlmsg.NewMessageSet(s.portID, hdr.Seq)
		if err := s.protocol.ProcessMessage(ctx, msg, ms); err != nil {
			dumpErrorMessage(hdr, ms, err)
		} else if hdr.Flags&linux.NLM_F_ACK == linux.NLM_F_ACK {
			dumpAckMessage(hdr, ms)
		}

		if err := s.sendResponse(ctx, ms); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// sendMsg is the core of message send, used for SendMsg and Write.
func (s *Socket) sendMsg(ctx context.Context, src usermem.IOSequence, to []byte, flags int, controlMessages socket.ControlMessages) (int, *syserr.Error) {
	dstPort := int32(0)

	if len(to) != 0 {
		a, err := ExtractSockAddr(to)
		if err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}

		// No support for multicast groups yet.
		if a.Groups != 0 {
			return 0, syserr.ErrPermissionDenied
		}

		dstPort = int32(a.PortID)
	}

	if dstPort != 0 {
		// Non-kernel destinations not supported yet. Treat as if
		// NL_CFG_F_NONROOT_SEND is not set.
		return 0, syserr.ErrPermissionDenied
	}

	s.mu.Lock()
	defer s.mu.Unlock()

	// For simplicity, and consistency with Linux, we copy in the entire
	// message up front.
	if src.NumBytes() > int64(s.sendBufferSize) {
		return 0, syserr.ErrMessageTooLong
	}

	buf := make([]byte, src.NumBytes())
	n, err := src.CopyIn(ctx, buf)
	// io.EOF can be only returned if src is a file, this means that
	// sendMsg is called from splice and the error has to be ignored in
	// this case.
	if err == io.EOF {
		err = nil
	}
	if err != nil {
		// Don't partially consume messages.
		return 0, syserr.FromError(err)
	}

	if err := s.processMessages(ctx, buf); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	return n, nil
}

// SendMsg implements socket.Socket.SendMsg.
func (s *Socket) SendMsg(t *kernel.Task, src usermem.IOSequence, to []byte, flags int, haveDeadline bool, deadline ktime.Time, controlMessages socket.ControlMessages) (int, *syserr.Error) {
	return s.sendMsg(t, src, to, flags, controlMessages)
}

// State implements socket.Socket.State.
func (s *Socket) State() uint32 {
	return s.ep.State()
}

// Type implements socket.Socket.Type.
func (s *Socket) Type() (family int, skType linux.SockType, protocol int) {
	return linux.AF_NETLINK, s.skType, s.protocol.Protocol()
}