k8s.io/kubernetes@v1.31.0-alpha.0.0.20240520171757-56147500dadc/test/integration/client/exec_test.go

/*
Copyright 2021 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package client

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/tls"
	"crypto/x509"
	"encoding/base64"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"reflect"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/dump"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/rand"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/wait"
	"k8s.io/client-go/informers"
	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
	v1 "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes/typed/core/v1"
	"k8s.io/client-go/plugin/pkg/client/auth/exec"
	"k8s.io/client-go/rest"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache"
	clientcmdapi "k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd/api"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/metrics"
	"k8s.io/client-go/transport"
	"k8s.io/client-go/util/cert"
	"k8s.io/client-go/util/connrotation"
	kubeapiservertesting "k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kube-apiserver/app/testing"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/test/integration/framework"
)

// This file tests the client-go credential plugin feature.

// These constants are used to communicate behavior to the testdata/exec-plugin.sh test fixture.
const (
	exitCodeEnvVar   = "EXEC_PLUGIN_EXEC_CODE"
	outputEnvVar     = "EXEC_PLUGIN_OUTPUT"
	outputFileEnvVar = "EXEC_PLUGIN_OUTPUT_FILE"
)

type roundTripperFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)

func (f roundTripperFunc) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
	return f(req)
}

type syncedHeaderValues struct {
	mu   sync.Mutex
	data [][]string
}

func (s *syncedHeaderValues) append(values []string) {
	s.mu.Lock()
	defer s.mu.Unlock()
	s.data = append(s.data, values)
}

func (s *syncedHeaderValues) get() [][]string {
	s.mu.Lock()
	defer s.mu.Unlock()
	return s.data
}

type execPluginCall struct {
	exitCode   int
	callStatus string
}

type execPluginMetrics struct {
	calls []execPluginCall
}

func (m *execPluginMetrics) Increment(exitCode int, callStatus string) {
	m.calls = append(m.calls, execPluginCall{exitCode: exitCode, callStatus: callStatus})
}

var execPluginMetricsComparer = cmp.Comparer(func(a, b *execPluginMetrics) bool {
	return reflect.DeepEqual(a, b)
})

type execPluginClientTestData struct {
	name                          string
	clientConfigFunc              func(*rest.Config)
	wantAuthorizationHeaderValues [][]string
	wantCertificate               *tls.Certificate
	wantGetCertificateErrorPrefix string
	wantClientErrorPrefix         string
	wantMetrics                   *execPluginMetrics
}

func execPluginClientTests(t *testing.T, unauthorizedCert, unauthorizedKey []byte, clientAuthorizedToken, clientCertFileName, clientKeyFileName string) []execPluginClientTestData {
	v1Tests := []execPluginClientTestData{
		{
			name: "unauthorized token",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: `{
										"kind": "ExecCredential",
										"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
										"status": {
											"token": "unauthorized"
										}
									}`,
					},
				}
			},
			wantAuthorizationHeaderValues: [][]string{{"Bearer unauthorized"}},
			wantCertificate:               &tls.Certificate{},
			wantClientErrorPrefix:         "Unauthorized",
			wantMetrics: &execPluginMetrics{
				calls: []execPluginCall{
					// 2 calls since we preemptively refresh the creds upon a 401 HTTP response.
					{exitCode: 0, callStatus: "no_error"},
					{exitCode: 0, callStatus: "no_error"},
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "unauthorized certificate",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
							"kind": "ExecCredential",
							"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
							"status": {
								"clientCertificateData": %q,
								"clientKeyData": %q
							}
						}`, unauthorizedCert, unauthorizedKey),
					},
				}
			},
			wantAuthorizationHeaderValues: [][]string{nil},
			wantCertificate:               x509KeyPair(unauthorizedCert, unauthorizedKey, true),
			wantClientErrorPrefix:         "Unauthorized",
			wantMetrics: &execPluginMetrics{
				calls: []execPluginCall{
					// 2 calls since we preemptively refresh the creds upon a 401 HTTP response.
					{exitCode: 0, callStatus: "no_error"},
					{exitCode: 0, callStatus: "no_error"},
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "authorized token",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
						"kind": "ExecCredential",
						"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
						"status": {
							"token": "%s"
						}
					}`, clientAuthorizedToken),
					},
				}
			},
			wantAuthorizationHeaderValues: [][]string{{"Bearer " + clientAuthorizedToken}},
			wantCertificate:               &tls.Certificate{},
			wantMetrics:                   &execPluginMetrics{calls: []execPluginCall{{exitCode: 0, callStatus: "no_error"}}},
		},
		{
			name: "authorized certificate",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
							"kind": "ExecCredential",
							"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
							"status": {
								"clientCertificateData": %s,
								"clientKeyData": %s
							}
						}`, read(t, clientCertFileName), read(t, clientKeyFileName)),
					},
				}
			},
			wantAuthorizationHeaderValues: [][]string{nil},
			wantCertificate:               loadX509KeyPair(clientCertFileName, clientKeyFileName),
			wantMetrics:                   &execPluginMetrics{calls: []execPluginCall{{exitCode: 0, callStatus: "no_error"}}},
		},
		{
			name: "authorized token and certificate",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
							"kind": "ExecCredential",
							"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
							"status": {
								"token": "%s",
								"clientCertificateData": %s,
								"clientKeyData": %s
							}
						}`, clientAuthorizedToken, read(t, clientCertFileName), read(t, clientKeyFileName)),
					},
				}
			},
			wantAuthorizationHeaderValues: [][]string{{"Bearer " + clientAuthorizedToken}},
			wantCertificate:               loadX509KeyPair(clientCertFileName, clientKeyFileName),
			wantMetrics:                   &execPluginMetrics{calls: []execPluginCall{{exitCode: 0, callStatus: "no_error"}}},
		},
		{
			name: "unauthorized token and authorized certificate favors authorized certificate",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
							"kind": "ExecCredential",
							"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
							"status": {
								"token": "%s",
								"clientCertificateData": %s,
								"clientKeyData": %s
							}
						}`, "client-unauthorized-token", read(t, clientCertFileName), read(t, clientKeyFileName)),
					},
				}
			},
			wantAuthorizationHeaderValues: [][]string{{"Bearer client-unauthorized-token"}},
			wantCertificate:               loadX509KeyPair(clientCertFileName, clientKeyFileName),
			wantMetrics:                   &execPluginMetrics{calls: []execPluginCall{{exitCode: 0, callStatus: "no_error"}}},
		},
		{
			name: "authorized token and unauthorized certificate favors authorized token",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
							"kind": "ExecCredential",
							"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
							"status": {
								"token": "%s",
								"clientCertificateData": %q,
								"clientKeyData": %q
							}
						}`, clientAuthorizedToken, string(unauthorizedCert), string(unauthorizedKey)),
					},
				}
			},
			wantAuthorizationHeaderValues: [][]string{{"Bearer " + clientAuthorizedToken}},
			wantCertificate:               x509KeyPair([]byte(unauthorizedCert), []byte(unauthorizedKey), true),
			wantMetrics:                   &execPluginMetrics{calls: []execPluginCall{{exitCode: 0, callStatus: "no_error"}}},
		},
		{
			name: "unauthorized token and unauthorized certificate",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
							"kind": "ExecCredential",
							"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
							"status": {
								"token": "%s",
								"clientCertificateData": %q,
								"clientKeyData": %q
							}
						}`, "client-unauthorized-token", string(unauthorizedCert), string(unauthorizedKey)),
					},
				}
			},
			wantAuthorizationHeaderValues: [][]string{{"Bearer client-unauthorized-token"}},
			wantCertificate:               x509KeyPair(unauthorizedCert, unauthorizedKey, true),
			wantClientErrorPrefix:         "Unauthorized",
			wantMetrics: &execPluginMetrics{
				calls: []execPluginCall{
					// 2 calls since we preemptively refresh the creds upon a 401 HTTP response.
					{exitCode: 0, callStatus: "no_error"},
					{exitCode: 0, callStatus: "no_error"},
				},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "good token with static auth basic creds favors static auth basic creds",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
							"kind": "ExecCredential",
							"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
							"status": {
								"token": "%s"
							}
						}`, clientAuthorizedToken),
					},
				}
				c.Username = "unauthorized"
				c.Password = "unauthorized"
			},
			wantAuthorizationHeaderValues: [][]string{{"Basic " + basicAuthHeaderValue("unauthorized", "unauthorized")}},
			wantClientErrorPrefix:         "Unauthorized",
			wantMetrics:                   &execPluginMetrics{},
		},
		{
			name: "good token with static auth bearer token favors static auth bearer token",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
							"kind": "ExecCredential",
							"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
							"status": {
								"token": "%s"
							}
						}`, clientAuthorizedToken),
					},
				}
				c.BearerToken = "some-unauthorized-token"
			},
			wantAuthorizationHeaderValues: [][]string{{"Bearer some-unauthorized-token"}},
			wantClientErrorPrefix:         "Unauthorized",
			wantMetrics:                   &execPluginMetrics{},
		},
		{
			name: "good token with static auth cert and key favors static cert",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
							"kind": "ExecCredential",
							"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
							"status": {
								"token": "%s"
							}
						}`, clientAuthorizedToken),
					},
				}
				c.CertData = unauthorizedCert
				c.KeyData = unauthorizedKey
			},
			wantAuthorizationHeaderValues: [][]string{nil},
			wantClientErrorPrefix:         "Unauthorized",
			wantCertificate:               x509KeyPair(unauthorizedCert, unauthorizedKey, false),
			wantMetrics:                   &execPluginMetrics{},
		},
		{
			name: "unknown binary",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Command = "does not exist"
			},
			wantGetCertificateErrorPrefix: "exec: executable does not exist not found",
			wantClientErrorPrefix:         `Get "https`,
			wantMetrics:                   &execPluginMetrics{calls: []execPluginCall{{exitCode: 1, callStatus: "plugin_not_found_error"}}},
		},
		{
			name: "binary not executable",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Command = "./testdata/exec-plugin-not-executable.sh"
			},
			wantGetCertificateErrorPrefix: "exec: fork/exec ./testdata/exec-plugin-not-executable.sh: permission denied",
			wantClientErrorPrefix:         `Get "https`,
			wantMetrics:                   &execPluginMetrics{calls: []execPluginCall{{exitCode: 1, callStatus: "plugin_not_found_error"}}},
		},
		{
			name: "binary fails",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name:  exitCodeEnvVar,
						Value: "10",
					},
				}
			},
			wantGetCertificateErrorPrefix: "exec: executable testdata/exec-plugin.sh failed with exit code 10",
			wantClientErrorPrefix:         `Get "https`,
			wantMetrics:                   &execPluginMetrics{calls: []execPluginCall{{exitCode: 10, callStatus: "plugin_execution_error"}}},
		},
	}
	return append(v1Tests, v1beta1TestsFromV1Tests(v1Tests)...)
}

func v1beta1TestsFromV1Tests(v1Tests []execPluginClientTestData) []execPluginClientTestData {
	v1beta1Tests := make([]execPluginClientTestData, 0, len(v1Tests))
	for _, v1Test := range v1Tests {
		v1Test := v1Test

		v1beta1Test := v1Test
		v1beta1Test.name = fmt.Sprintf("%s v1beta1", v1Test.name)
		v1beta1Test.clientConfigFunc = func(c *rest.Config) {
			v1Test.clientConfigFunc(c)
			c.ExecProvider.APIVersion = "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1"
			for j, oldOutputEnvVar := range c.ExecProvider.Env {
				if oldOutputEnvVar.Name == outputEnvVar {
					c.ExecProvider.Env[j].Value = strings.Replace(oldOutputEnvVar.Value, "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1", "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1", 1)
					break
				}
			}
		}

		v1beta1Tests = append(v1beta1Tests, v1beta1Test)
	}
	return v1beta1Tests
}

func TestExecPluginViaClient(t *testing.T) {
	result, clientAuthorizedToken, clientCertFileName, clientKeyFileName := startTestServer(t)

	unauthorizedCert, unauthorizedKey, err := cert.GenerateSelfSignedCertKey("some-host", nil, nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	tests := execPluginClientTests(t, unauthorizedCert, unauthorizedKey, clientAuthorizedToken, clientCertFileName, clientKeyFileName)

	for _, test := range tests {
		test := test
		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			actualMetrics := captureMetrics(t)

			var authorizationHeaderValues syncedHeaderValues
			clientConfig := rest.AnonymousClientConfig(result.ClientConfig)
			clientConfig.ExecProvider = &clientcmdapi.ExecConfig{
				Command:    "testdata/exec-plugin.sh",
				APIVersion: "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
				Args: []string{
					// If we didn't have this arg, then some metrics assertions might fail because
					// the authenticator may be pulled from a globalCache and therefore it may have
					// already fetched a valid credential.
					"--random-arg-to-avoid-authenticator-cache-hits",
					rand.String(10),
				},
				InteractiveMode: clientcmdapi.IfAvailableExecInteractiveMode,
			}
			clientConfig.Wrap(func(rt http.RoundTripper) http.RoundTripper {
				return roundTripperFunc(func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
					authorizationHeaderValues.append(req.Header.Values("Authorization"))
					return rt.RoundTrip(req)
				})
			})

			if test.clientConfigFunc != nil {
				test.clientConfigFunc(clientConfig)
			}
			client := clientset.NewForConfigOrDie(clientConfig)

			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*10)
			defer cancel()

			// Validate that the client works as expected on its own.
			_, err = client.CoreV1().ConfigMaps("default").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
			if test.wantClientErrorPrefix != "" {
				if err == nil || !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), test.wantClientErrorPrefix) {
					t.Fatalf(`got %v, wanted "%s..."`, err, test.wantClientErrorPrefix)
				}
			} else if err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}

			// Validate that the proper metrics were set.
			if diff := cmp.Diff(test.wantMetrics, actualMetrics, execPluginMetricsComparer); diff != "" {
				t.Error("unexpected metrics; -want, +got:\n" + diff)
			}

			// Validate that the right token is used.
			if diff := cmp.Diff(test.wantAuthorizationHeaderValues, authorizationHeaderValues.get()); diff != "" {
				t.Error("unexpected authorization header values; -want, +got:\n" + diff)
			}

			// Validate that the right certs are used.
			tlsConfig, err := rest.TLSConfigFor(clientConfig)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatal(err)
			}
			if tlsConfig.GetClientCertificate == nil {
				if test.wantCertificate != nil {
					t.Error("GetClientCertificate is nil, but we expected a certificate")
				}
			} else {
				cert, err := tlsConfig.GetClientCertificate(&tls.CertificateRequestInfo{})
				if len(test.wantGetCertificateErrorPrefix) != 0 {
					if err == nil || !strings.HasPrefix(err.Error(), test.wantGetCertificateErrorPrefix) {
						t.Fatalf(`got %q, wanted "%s..."`, err, test.wantGetCertificateErrorPrefix)
					}
				} else if err != nil {
					t.Fatal(err)
				}
				if diff := cmp.Diff(test.wantCertificate, cert); diff != "" {
					t.Error("unexpected certificate; -want, +got:\n" + diff)
				}
			}
		})
	}
}

func captureMetrics(t *testing.T) *execPluginMetrics {
	previousCallsMetric := metrics.ExecPluginCalls
	t.Cleanup(func() {
		metrics.ExecPluginCalls = previousCallsMetric
	})

	actualMetrics := &execPluginMetrics{}
	metrics.ExecPluginCalls = actualMetrics
	return actualMetrics
}

// objectMetaSansResourceVersionComparer compares two metav1.ObjectMeta's except for their resource
// versions. Since the underlying integration test etcd is shared, these resource versions may jump
// past the next sequential number for sequential API calls in the test.
var objectMetaSansResourceVersionComparer = cmp.Comparer(func(a, b metav1.ObjectMeta) bool {
	aa := a.DeepCopy()
	bb := b.DeepCopy()

	aa.ResourceVersion = ""
	bb.ResourceVersion = ""

	return cmp.Equal(aa, bb)
})

type oldNew struct {
	old, new interface{}
}

var oldNewComparer = cmp.Comparer(func(a, b oldNew) bool {
	return cmp.Equal(a.old, b.old, objectMetaSansResourceVersionComparer) &&
		cmp.Equal(a.new, a.new, objectMetaSansResourceVersionComparer)
})

type informerSpy struct {
	mu      sync.Mutex
	adds    []interface{}
	updates []oldNew
	deletes []interface{}
}

func (is *informerSpy) OnAdd(obj interface{}, isInInitialList bool) {
	is.mu.Lock()
	defer is.mu.Unlock()
	is.adds = append(is.adds, obj)
}

func (is *informerSpy) OnUpdate(old, new interface{}) {
	is.mu.Lock()
	defer is.mu.Unlock()
	is.updates = append(is.updates, oldNew{old: old, new: new})
}

func (is *informerSpy) OnDelete(obj interface{}) {
	is.mu.Lock()
	defer is.mu.Unlock()
	is.deletes = append(is.deletes, obj)
}

func (is *informerSpy) clear() {
	is.mu.Lock()
	defer is.mu.Unlock()
	is.adds = []interface{}{}
	is.updates = []oldNew{}
	is.deletes = []interface{}{}
}

// waitForEvents waits for adds, updates, and deletes to be populated with at least one event.
func (is *informerSpy) waitForEvents(t *testing.T, wantEvents bool) {
	t.Helper()
	// wait for create/update/delete 3 events for 30 seconds
	waitTimeout := time.Second * 30
	if !wantEvents {
		// wait just 15 seconds for no events
		waitTimeout = time.Second * 15
	}

	err := wait.PollImmediate(time.Second, waitTimeout, func() (bool, error) {
		is.mu.Lock()
		defer is.mu.Unlock()
		return len(is.adds) > 0 && len(is.updates) > 0 && len(is.deletes) > 0, nil
	})
	if wantEvents {
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("wanted events, but got error: %v", err)
		}
	} else {
		if !errors.Is(err, wait.ErrWaitTimeout) {
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("wanted no events, but got error: %v", err)
			} else {
				t.Fatalf("wanted no events, but got some: %s", dump.Pretty(is))
			}
		}
	}
}

func TestExecPluginViaInformer(t *testing.T) {
	result, clientAuthorizedToken, clientCertFileName, clientKeyFileName := startTestServer(t)

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*60)
	defer cancel()

	adminClient := clientset.NewForConfigOrDie(result.ClientConfig)
	ns := createNamespace(ctx, t, adminClient)

	tests := []struct {
		name                          string
		clientConfigFunc              func(*rest.Config)
		wantAuthorizationHeaderValues [][]string
		wantCertificate               *tls.Certificate
	}{
		{
			name: "authorized token",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
							"kind": "ExecCredential",
							"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
							"status": {
								"token": %q
							}
						}`, clientAuthorizedToken),
					},
				}
			},
		},
		{
			name: "authorized certificate",
			clientConfigFunc: func(c *rest.Config) {
				c.ExecProvider.Env = []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
					{
						Name: outputEnvVar,
						Value: fmt.Sprintf(`{
							"kind": "ExecCredential",
							"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
							"status": {
								"clientCertificateData": %s,
								"clientKeyData": %s
							}
						}`, read(t, clientCertFileName), read(t, clientKeyFileName)),
					},
				}
			},
		},
	}
	for _, test := range tests {
		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
			clientConfig := rest.AnonymousClientConfig(result.ClientConfig)
			clientConfig.ExecProvider = &clientcmdapi.ExecConfig{
				Command:         "testdata/exec-plugin.sh",
				APIVersion:      "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
				InteractiveMode: clientcmdapi.IfAvailableExecInteractiveMode,
			}

			if test.clientConfigFunc != nil {
				test.clientConfigFunc(clientConfig)
			}

			informer, informerSpy := startConfigMapInformer(ctx, t, clientset.NewForConfigOrDie(clientConfig), ns.Name)
			waitForInformerSync(ctx, t, informer, true, "")
			createdCM, updatedCM, deletedCM := createUpdateDeleteConfigMap(ctx, t, adminClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(ns.Name))
			informerSpy.waitForEvents(t, true)
			assertInformerEvents(t, informerSpy, createdCM, updatedCM, deletedCM)
		})
	}
}

type execPlugin struct {
	t          *testing.T
	outputFile *os.File
}

func newExecPlugin(t *testing.T) *execPlugin {
	t.Helper()
	outputFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "kubernetes-client-exec-test-plugin-output-file-*")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	return &execPlugin{t: t, outputFile: outputFile}
}

func (e *execPlugin) config() *clientcmdapi.ExecConfig {
	return &clientcmdapi.ExecConfig{
		Command:         "testdata/exec-plugin.sh",
		APIVersion:      "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
		InteractiveMode: clientcmdapi.IfAvailableExecInteractiveMode,
		Env: []clientcmdapi.ExecEnvVar{
			{
				Name:  outputFileEnvVar,
				Value: e.outputFile.Name(),
			},
		},
	}
}

func (e *execPlugin) rotateToken(newToken string, lifetime time.Duration) {
	e.t.Helper()

	expirationTimestamp := metav1.NewTime(time.Now().Add(lifetime)).Format(time.RFC3339Nano)
	newOutput := fmt.Sprintf(`{
		"kind": "ExecCredential",
		"apiVersion": "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
		"status": {
			"expirationTimestamp": %q,
			"token": %q
		}
	}`, expirationTimestamp, newToken)
	if err := os.WriteFile(e.outputFile.Name(), []byte(newOutput), 0644); err != nil {
		e.t.Fatal(err)
	}
}

func TestExecPluginRotationViaInformer(t *testing.T) {
	t.Parallel()

	result, clientAuthorizedToken, _, _ := startTestServer(t)
	const clientUnauthorizedToken = "invalid-token"
	const tokenLifetime = time.Second * 5

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Minute*5)
	defer cancel()

	adminClient := clientset.NewForConfigOrDie(result.ClientConfig)
	ns := createNamespace(ctx, t, adminClient)

	clientDialer := connrotation.NewDialer((&net.Dialer{
		Timeout:   30 * time.Second,
		KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,
	}).DialContext)

	execPlugin := newExecPlugin(t)

	clientConfig := rest.AnonymousClientConfig(result.ClientConfig)
	clientConfig.ExecProvider = execPlugin.config()
	clientConfig.Dial = clientDialer.DialContext
	clientConfig.Wrap(func(rt http.RoundTripper) http.RoundTripper {
		// This makes it helpful to see what is happening with the informer's client.
		return transport.NewDebuggingRoundTripper(rt, transport.DebugCurlCommand, transport.DebugURLTiming)
	})

	// Initialize informer spy wth invalid token.
	// Make sure informer never syncs because it can't authenticate.
	execPlugin.rotateToken(clientUnauthorizedToken, tokenLifetime)
	informer, informerSpy := startConfigMapInformer(ctx, t, clientset.NewForConfigOrDie(clientConfig), ns.Name)
	waitForInformerSync(ctx, t, informer, false, "")
	createUpdateDeleteConfigMap(ctx, t, adminClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(ns.Name))
	informerSpy.waitForEvents(t, false)

	// Rotate token to valid token.
	// Make sure informer sees events because it now has a valid token with which it can authenticate.
	execPlugin.rotateToken(clientAuthorizedToken, tokenLifetime)
	waitForInformerSync(ctx, t, informer, true, "")
	informerSpy.clear()
	createdCM, updatedCM, deletedCM := createUpdateDeleteConfigMap(ctx, t, adminClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(ns.Name))
	informerSpy.waitForEvents(t, true)
	assertInformerEvents(t, informerSpy, createdCM, updatedCM, deletedCM)

	// Rotate token to something invalid and clip watch connection.
	// Informer should recreate connection with invalid token.
	// Make sure informer does not see events since it is using the invalid token.
	execPlugin.rotateToken(clientUnauthorizedToken, tokenLifetime)
	time.Sleep(tokenLifetime) // wait for old token to expire to make sure the watch is restarted with clientUnauthorizedToken
	clientDialer.CloseAll()
	waitForInformerSync(ctx, t, informer, true, "")
	informerSpy.clear()
	createUpdateDeleteConfigMap(ctx, t, adminClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(ns.Name))
	informerSpy.waitForEvents(t, false)

	// Rotate token to valid token.
	// Make sure informer sees events because it now has a valid token with which it can authenticate.
	lastSyncResourceVersion := informer.LastSyncResourceVersion()
	execPlugin.rotateToken(clientAuthorizedToken, tokenLifetime)
	waitForInformerSync(ctx, t, informer, true, lastSyncResourceVersion)
	informerSpy.clear()
	createdCM, updatedCM, deletedCM = createUpdateDeleteConfigMap(ctx, t, adminClient.CoreV1().ConfigMaps(ns.Name))
	informerSpy.waitForEvents(t, true)
	assertInformerEvents(t, informerSpy, createdCM, updatedCM, deletedCM)
}

func startTestServer(t *testing.T) (result *kubeapiservertesting.TestServer, clientAuthorizedToken string, clientCertFileName string, clientKeyFileName string) {
	certDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "kubernetes-client-exec-test-cert-dir-*")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	t.Cleanup(func() {
		if err := os.RemoveAll(certDir); err != nil {
			t.Error(err)
		}
	})

	clientAuthorizedToken = "client-authorized-token"
	tokenFileName := writeTokenFile(t, clientAuthorizedToken)
	clientCAFileName, clientSigningCert, clientSigningKey := writeCACertFiles(t, certDir)
	clientCertFileName, clientKeyFileName = writeCerts(t, clientSigningCert, clientSigningKey, certDir, time.Hour)
	result = kubeapiservertesting.StartTestServerOrDie(
		t,
		nil,
		[]string{
			"--token-auth-file", tokenFileName,
			"--client-ca-file=" + clientCAFileName,
		},
		framework.SharedEtcd(),
	)
	t.Cleanup(result.TearDownFn)

	return
}

func writeTokenFile(t *testing.T, goodToken string) string {
	t.Helper()

	tokenFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "kubernetes-client-exec-test-token-file-*")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	if _, err := tokenFile.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(`%s,admin,uid1,"system:masters"`, goodToken)); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	if err := tokenFile.Close(); err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	return tokenFile.Name()
}

func read(t *testing.T, fileName string) string {
	t.Helper()
	data, err := os.ReadFile(fileName)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%q", string(data))
}

func basicAuthHeaderValue(username, password string) string {
	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", username, password)))
}

func x509KeyPair(certPEMBlock, keyPEMBlock []byte, leaf bool) *tls.Certificate {
	cert, err := tls.X509KeyPair(certPEMBlock, keyPEMBlock)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	if leaf {
		cert.Leaf, err = x509.ParseCertificate(cert.Certificate[0])
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
	}
	return &cert
}

func loadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile string) *tls.Certificate {
	cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	cert.Leaf, err = x509.ParseCertificate(cert.Certificate[0])
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	return &cert
}

func createNamespace(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, client clientset.Interface) *corev1.Namespace {
	t.Helper()

	ns, err := client.CoreV1().Namespaces().Create(
		ctx,
		&corev1.Namespace{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "test-exec-plugin-with-informer-ns"}},
		metav1.CreateOptions{},
	)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	t.Cleanup(func() {
		// Use a new context since the one passed to this function would have timed out.
		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second*10)
		defer cancel()
		if err := client.CoreV1().Namespaces().Delete(ctx, ns.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
			t.Error(err)
		}
	})

	return ns
}

func startConfigMapInformer(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, client clientset.Interface, namespace string) (cache.SharedIndexInformer, *informerSpy) {
	t.Helper()

	var informerSpy informerSpy
	informerFactory := informers.NewSharedInformerFactoryWithOptions(client, 0, informers.WithNamespace(namespace))
	cmInformer := informerFactory.Core().V1().ConfigMaps().Informer()
	cmInformer.AddEventHandler(&informerSpy)
	if err := cmInformer.SetWatchErrorHandler(func(r *cache.Reflector, err error) {
		// t.Logf("watch error handler: failure in reflector %#v: %v", r, err) // Uncomment for more verbose logging
	}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("could not set watch error handler: %v", err)
	}
	informerFactory.Start(ctx.Done())

	return cmInformer, &informerSpy
}

func waitForInformerSync(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, informer cache.SharedIndexInformer, wantSynced bool, lastSyncResourceVersion string) {
	t.Helper()

	syncCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*60)
	defer cancel()
	if gotSynced := cache.WaitForCacheSync(syncCtx.Done(), informer.HasSynced); wantSynced != gotSynced {
		t.Fatalf("wanted sync %t, got sync %t", wantSynced, gotSynced)
	}

	if len(lastSyncResourceVersion) != 0 {
		if err := wait.PollImmediate(time.Second, time.Second*60, func() (bool, error) {
			return informer.LastSyncResourceVersion() != lastSyncResourceVersion, nil
		}); err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("informer never changed resource versions from %q: %v", lastSyncResourceVersion, err)
		}
	}
}

func createUpdateDeleteConfigMap(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, cms v1.ConfigMapInterface) (created, updated, deleted *corev1.ConfigMap) {
	t.Helper()

	var err error
	created, err = cms.Create(ctx, &corev1.ConfigMap{ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "cm"}}, metav1.CreateOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("could not create ConfigMap:", err)
	}

	updated = created.DeepCopy()
	updated.Annotations = map[string]string{"tuna": "fish"}
	updated, err = cms.Update(ctx, updated, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("could not update ConfigMap:", err)
	}

	if err := cms.Delete(ctx, updated.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{}); err != nil {
		t.Fatal("could not delete ConfigMap:", err)
	}

	deleted = updated.DeepCopy()

	return created, updated, deleted
}

func assertInformerEvents(t *testing.T, informerSpy *informerSpy, created, updated, deleted interface{}) {
	t.Helper()

	// Validate that the informer was called correctly.
	if diff := cmp.Diff([]interface{}{created}, informerSpy.adds, objectMetaSansResourceVersionComparer); diff != "" {
		t.Errorf("unexpected add event(s), -want, +got:\n%s", diff)
	}
	if diff := cmp.Diff([]oldNew{{created, updated}}, informerSpy.updates, oldNewComparer); diff != "" {
		t.Errorf("unexpected update event(s), -want, +got:\n%s", diff)
	}
	if diff := cmp.Diff([]interface{}{deleted}, informerSpy.deletes, objectMetaSansResourceVersionComparer); diff != "" {
		t.Errorf("unexpected deleted event(s), -want, +got:\n%s", diff)
	}

}

func TestExecPluginGlobalCache(t *testing.T) {
	// we do not really need the server for this test but this allows us to easily share the test data
	result, clientAuthorizedToken, clientCertFileName, clientKeyFileName := startTestServer(t)

	unauthorizedCert, unauthorizedKey, err := cert.GenerateSelfSignedCertKey("some-host", nil, nil)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	testsFirstRun := execPluginClientTests(t, unauthorizedCert, unauthorizedKey, clientAuthorizedToken, clientCertFileName, clientKeyFileName)
	testsSecondRun := execPluginClientTests(t, unauthorizedCert, unauthorizedKey, clientAuthorizedToken, clientCertFileName, clientKeyFileName)

	randStrings := make([]string, 0, len(testsFirstRun))
	for range testsFirstRun {
		randStrings = append(randStrings, rand.String(10))
	}

	getTestExecClientAddresses := func(t *testing.T, tests []execPluginClientTestData, suffix string) []string {
		var addresses []string
		for i, test := range tests {
			test := test
			t.Run(test.name+" "+suffix, func(t *testing.T) {
				clientConfig := rest.AnonymousClientConfig(result.ClientConfig)
				clientConfig.ExecProvider = &clientcmdapi.ExecConfig{
					Command:    "testdata/exec-plugin.sh",
					APIVersion: "client.authentication.k8s.io/v1",
					Args: []string{
						// carefully control what the global cache sees as the same exec plugin
						"--random-arg-to-avoid-authenticator-cache-hits",
						randStrings[i],
					},
				}

				if test.clientConfigFunc != nil {
					test.clientConfigFunc(clientConfig)
				}

				addresses = append(addresses, execPluginMemoryAddress(t, clientConfig, i))
			})
		}
		return addresses
	}

	addressesFirstRun := getTestExecClientAddresses(t, testsFirstRun, "first")
	addressesSecondRun := getTestExecClientAddresses(t, testsSecondRun, "second")

	if diff := cmp.Diff(addressesFirstRun, addressesSecondRun); diff != "" {
		t.Error("unexpected addresses; -want, +got:\n" + diff)
	}

	if want, got := len(testsFirstRun), len(addressesFirstRun); want != got {
		t.Errorf("expected %d addresses but got %d", want, got)
	}

	if want, got := len(addressesFirstRun), sets.NewString(addressesFirstRun...).Len(); want != got {
		t.Errorf("expected %d distinct authenticators but got %d", want, got)
	}
}

func execPluginMemoryAddress(t *testing.T, config *rest.Config, i int) string {
	t.Helper()

	wantType := reflect.TypeOf(&exec.Authenticator{})

	tc, err := config.TransportConfig()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}

	if tc.WrapTransport == nil {
		return "<nil> " + strconv.Itoa(i)
	}

	rt := tc.WrapTransport(nil)

	val := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(rt))
	for i := 0; i < val.NumField(); i++ {
		field := val.Field(i)
		if field.Type() == wantType {
			return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(field.Pointer()), 10)
		}
	}

	t.Fatal("unable to find authenticator in rest config")
	return ""
}