sigs.k8s.io/cluster-api-provider-aws@v1.5.5/pkg/internal/rate/rate.go

/*
Copyright 2020 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

// Package rate provides a rate limiter.
package rate

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/pkg/errors"
)

// Limit defines the maximum frequency of some events.
// Limit is represented as number of events per second.
// A zero Limit allows no events.
type Limit float64

// Inf is the infinite rate limit; it allows all events (even if burst is zero).
const Inf = Limit(math.MaxFloat64)

// Every converts a minimum time interval between events to a Limit.
func Every(interval time.Duration) Limit {
	if interval <= 0 {
		return Inf
	}
	return 1 / Limit(interval.Seconds())
}

// A Limiter controls how frequently events are allowed to happen.
// It implements a "token bucket" of size b, initially full and refilled
// at rate r tokens per second.
// Informally, in any large enough time interval, the Limiter limits the
// rate to r tokens per second, with a maximum burst size of b events.
// As a special case, if r == Inf (the infinite rate), b is ignored.
// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Token_bucket for more about token buckets.
//
// The zero value is a valid Limiter, but it will reject all events.
// Use NewLimiter to create non-zero Limiters.
//
// Limiter has three main methods, Allow, Reserve, and Wait.
// Most callers should use Wait.
//
// Each of the three methods consumes a single token.
// They differ in their behavior when no token is available.
// If no token is available, Allow returns false.
// If no token is available, Reserve returns a reservation for a future token
// and the amount of time the caller must wait before using it.
// If no token is available, Wait blocks until one can be obtained
// or its associated context.Context is canceled.
//
// The methods AllowN, ReserveN, and WaitN consume n tokens.
type Limiter struct {
	mu     sync.Mutex
	limit  Limit
	burst  int
	tokens float64
	// last is the last time the limiter's tokens field was updated
	last time.Time
	// lastEvent is the latest time of a rate-limited event (past or future)
	lastEvent time.Time
}

// Limit returns the maximum overall event rate.
func (lim *Limiter) Limit() Limit {
	lim.mu.Lock()
	defer lim.mu.Unlock()
	return lim.limit
}

// Burst returns the maximum burst size. Burst is the maximum number of tokens
// that can be consumed in a single call to Allow, Reserve, or Wait, so higher
// Burst values allow more events to happen at once.
// A zero Burst allows no events, unless limit == Inf.
func (lim *Limiter) Burst() int {
	lim.mu.Lock()
	defer lim.mu.Unlock()
	return lim.burst
}

// NewLimiter returns a new Limiter that allows events up to rate r and permits
// bursts of at most b tokens.
func NewLimiter(r Limit, b int) *Limiter {
	return &Limiter{
		limit: r,
		burst: b,
	}
}

// Allow is shorthand for AllowN(time.Now(), 1).
func (lim *Limiter) Allow() bool {
	return lim.AllowN(time.Now(), 1)
}

// AllowN reports whether n events may happen at time now.
// Use this method if you intend to drop / skip events that exceed the rate limit.
// Otherwise use Reserve or Wait.
func (lim *Limiter) AllowN(now time.Time, n int) bool {
	return lim.reserveN(now, n, 0).ok
}

// A Reservation holds information about events that are permitted by a Limiter to happen after a delay.
// A Reservation may be canceled, which may enable the Limiter to permit additional events.
type Reservation struct {
	ok        bool
	lim       *Limiter
	tokens    int
	timeToAct time.Time
	// This is the Limit at reservation time, it can change later.
	limit Limit
}

// OK returns whether the limiter can provide the requested number of tokens
// within the maximum wait time.  If OK is false, Delay returns InfDuration, and
// Cancel does nothing.
func (r *Reservation) OK() bool {
	return r.ok
}

// Delay is shorthand for DelayFrom(time.Now()).
func (r *Reservation) Delay() time.Duration {
	return r.DelayFrom(time.Now())
}

// InfDuration is the duration returned by Delay when a Reservation is not OK.
const InfDuration = time.Duration(1<<63 - 1)

// DelayFrom returns the duration for which the reservation holder must wait
// before taking the reserved action.  Zero duration means act immediately.
// InfDuration means the limiter cannot grant the tokens requested in this
// Reservation within the maximum wait time.
func (r *Reservation) DelayFrom(now time.Time) time.Duration {
	if !r.ok {
		return InfDuration
	}
	delay := r.timeToAct.Sub(now)
	if delay < 0 {
		return 0
	}
	return delay
}

// Cancel is shorthand for CancelAt(time.Now()).
func (r *Reservation) Cancel() {
	r.CancelAt(time.Now())
}

// CancelAt indicates that the reservation holder will not perform the reserved action
// and reverses the effects of this Reservation on the rate limit as much as possible,
// considering that other reservations may have already been made.
func (r *Reservation) CancelAt(now time.Time) {
	if !r.ok {
		return
	}

	r.lim.mu.Lock()
	defer r.lim.mu.Unlock()

	if r.lim.limit == Inf || r.tokens == 0 || r.timeToAct.Before(now) {
		return
	}

	// calculate tokens to restore
	// The duration between lim.lastEvent and r.timeToAct tells us how many tokens were reserved
	// after r was obtained. These tokens should not be restored.
	restoreTokens := float64(r.tokens) - r.limit.tokensFromDuration(r.lim.lastEvent.Sub(r.timeToAct))
	if restoreTokens <= 0 {
		return
	}
	// advance time to now
	now, _, tokens := r.lim.advance(now)
	// calculate new number of tokens
	tokens += restoreTokens
	if burst := float64(r.lim.burst); tokens > burst {
		tokens = burst
	}
	// update state
	r.lim.last = now
	r.lim.tokens = tokens
	if r.timeToAct == r.lim.lastEvent {
		prevEvent := r.timeToAct.Add(r.limit.durationFromTokens(float64(-r.tokens)))
		if !prevEvent.Before(now) {
			r.lim.lastEvent = prevEvent
		}
	}
}

// Reserve is shorthand for ReserveN(time.Now(), 1).
func (lim *Limiter) Reserve() *Reservation {
	return lim.ReserveN(time.Now(), 1)
}

// ReserveN returns a Reservation that indicates how long the caller must wait before n events happen.
// The Limiter takes this Reservation into account when allowing future events.
// The returned Reservation’s OK() method returns false if n exceeds the Limiter's burst size.
// Usage example:
//
//	r := lim.ReserveN(time.Now(), 1)
//	if !r.OK() {
//	  // Not allowed to act! Did you remember to set lim.burst to be > 0 ?
//	  return
//	}
//	time.Sleep(r.Delay())
//	Act()
//
// Use this method if you wish to wait and slow down in accordance with the rate limit without dropping events.
// If you need to respect a deadline or cancel the delay, use Wait instead.
// To drop or skip events exceeding rate limit, use Allow instead.
func (lim *Limiter) ReserveN(now time.Time, n int) *Reservation {
	r := lim.reserveN(now, n, InfDuration)
	return &r
}

// Wait is shorthand for WaitN(ctx, 1).
func (lim *Limiter) Wait(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
	return lim.WaitN(ctx, 1)
}

// WaitN blocks until lim permits n events to happen.
// It returns an error if n exceeds the Limiter's burst size, the Context is
// canceled, or the expected wait time exceeds the Context's Deadline.
// The burst limit is ignored if the rate limit is Inf.
func (lim *Limiter) WaitN(ctx context.Context, n int) (err error) {
	lim.mu.Lock()
	burst := lim.burst
	limit := lim.limit
	lim.mu.Unlock()

	if n > burst && limit != Inf {
		return errors.New(fmt.Errorf("rate: Wait(n=%d) exceeds limiter's burst %d", n, burst).Error())
	}
	// Check if ctx is already cancelled
	select {
	case <-ctx.Done():
		return ctx.Err()
	default:
	}
	// Determine wait limit
	now := time.Now()
	waitLimit := InfDuration
	if deadline, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok {
		waitLimit = deadline.Sub(now)
	}
	// Reserve
	r := lim.reserveN(now, n, waitLimit)
	if !r.ok {
		return errors.New(fmt.Errorf("rate: Wait(n=%d) would exceed context deadline", n).Error())
	}
	// Wait if necessary
	delay := r.DelayFrom(now)
	if delay == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	t := time.NewTimer(delay)
	defer t.Stop()
	select {
	case <-t.C:
		// We can proceed.
		return nil
	case <-ctx.Done():
		// Context was canceled before we could proceed.  Cancel the
		// reservation, which may permit other events to proceed sooner.
		r.Cancel()
		return ctx.Err()
	}
}

// SetLimit is shorthand for SetLimitAt(time.Now(), newLimit).
func (lim *Limiter) SetLimit(newLimit Limit) {
	lim.SetLimitAt(time.Now(), newLimit)
}

// SetLimitAt sets a new Limit for the limiter. The new Limit, and Burst, may be violated
// or underutilized by those which reserved (using Reserve or Wait) but did not yet act
// before SetLimitAt was called.
func (lim *Limiter) SetLimitAt(now time.Time, newLimit Limit) {
	lim.mu.Lock()
	defer lim.mu.Unlock()

	now, _, tokens := lim.advance(now)

	lim.last = now
	lim.tokens = tokens
	lim.limit = newLimit
}

// SetBurst is shorthand for SetBurstAt(time.Now(), newBurst).
func (lim *Limiter) SetBurst(newBurst int) {
	lim.SetBurstAt(time.Now(), newBurst)
}

// SetBurstAt sets a new burst size for the limiter.
func (lim *Limiter) SetBurstAt(now time.Time, newBurst int) {
	lim.mu.Lock()
	defer lim.mu.Unlock()

	now, _, tokens := lim.advance(now)

	lim.last = now
	lim.tokens = tokens
	lim.burst = newBurst
}

// reserveN is a helper method for AllowN, ReserveN, and WaitN.
// maxFutureReserve specifies the maximum reservation wait duration allowed.
// reserveN returns Reservation, not *Reservation, to avoid allocation in AllowN and WaitN.
func (lim *Limiter) reserveN(now time.Time, n int, maxFutureReserve time.Duration) Reservation {
	lim.mu.Lock()

	if lim.limit == Inf {
		lim.mu.Unlock()
		return Reservation{
			ok:        true,
			lim:       lim,
			tokens:    n,
			timeToAct: now,
		}
	}

	now, last, tokens := lim.advance(now)

	// Calculate the remaining number of tokens resulting from the request.
	tokens -= float64(n)

	// Calculate the wait duration
	var waitDuration time.Duration
	if tokens < 0 {
		waitDuration = lim.limit.durationFromTokens(-tokens)
	}

	// Decide result
	ok := n <= lim.burst && waitDuration <= maxFutureReserve

	// Prepare reservation
	r := Reservation{
		ok:    ok,
		lim:   lim,
		limit: lim.limit,
	}
	if ok {
		r.tokens = n
		r.timeToAct = now.Add(waitDuration)
	}

	// Update state
	if ok {
		lim.last = now
		lim.tokens = tokens
		lim.lastEvent = r.timeToAct
	} else {
		lim.last = last
	}

	lim.mu.Unlock()
	return r
}

// advance calculates and returns an updated state for lim resulting from the passage of time.
// lim is not changed.
// advance requires that lim.mu is held.
func (lim *Limiter) advance(now time.Time) (newNow time.Time, newLast time.Time, newTokens float64) {
	last := lim.last
	if now.Before(last) {
		last = now
	}

	// Avoid making delta overflow below when last is very old.
	maxElapsed := lim.limit.durationFromTokens(float64(lim.burst) - lim.tokens)
	elapsed := now.Sub(last)
	if elapsed > maxElapsed {
		elapsed = maxElapsed
	}

	// Calculate the new number of tokens, due to time that passed.
	delta := lim.limit.tokensFromDuration(elapsed)
	tokens := lim.tokens + delta
	if burst := float64(lim.burst); tokens > burst {
		tokens = burst
	}

	return now, last, tokens
}

// durationFromTokens is a unit conversion function from the number of tokens to the duration
// of time it takes to accumulate them at a rate of limit tokens per second.
func (limit Limit) durationFromTokens(tokens float64) time.Duration {
	seconds := tokens / float64(limit)
	return time.Nanosecond * time.Duration(1e9*seconds)
}

// tokensFromDuration is a unit conversion function from a time duration to the number of tokens
// which could be accumulated during that duration at a rate of limit tokens per second.
func (limit Limit) tokensFromDuration(d time.Duration) float64 {
	// Split the integer and fractional parts ourself to minimize rounding errors.
	// See golang.org/issues/34861.
	sec := float64(d/time.Second) * float64(limit)
	nsec := float64(d%time.Second) * float64(limit)
	return sec + nsec/1e9
}